Ihe mgbakwasị ụkwụ Carbon nke Mmepụta Fotovoltaic
Nrụpụta Mgbapụta
Igwe ọkụ anyanwụ na-emepụta ihe ọkụkụ CO2 gbadoro anya na mmalite nke nrụpụta usoro. Mwepụta silicon na ịsacha naanị ihe ruru 40% nke mkpokọta ndụ okirikiri a fotovoltaic panel.
Kacha ọhụrụ teknụzụ nke anyanwụ panel ihe ọhụrụ ebelatala akara ụkwụ carbon a nke ukwuu. TOPcon na heterojunction teknụzụ chọrọ usoro dị mgbagwoju anya mana na-enye arụmọrụ dị elu nke na-akwụ ụgwọ maka ha mmepụta ume na-akwụ ụgwọ.
Oge nkwụghachi ume ike
Igwe ọkụ nke oge a "na-akwụghachi ụgwọ" ike achọrọ maka nrụpụta ya n'ime afọ 1 ruo 4 dabere na ya eji teknụzụ eme ihe, ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma maka afọ 25 ruo 30. Oge mgbake ike a na-aga n'ihu kwalite ekele maka ọganihu teknụzụ na n'ichepụta panel nke anyanwụ usoro.
Oriri ihe eji eme ihe
Akụrụngwa na mineral
Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke mmepụta ike anyanwụ dị iche iche dị iche iche mmepụta cell anyanwụ ụzọ ma na-agụnye ịwepụta akụrụngwa dị iche iche:
Silikoni: Ihe onwunwe bara ụba na eriri ụwa (28% nke ihe mejupụtara ya), ka o sina dị silicon na-achọ usoro nchacha ike ike. Ndị na-emepụta ihe na-ebuli usoro ha ugbu a site na iji mmeghari ohuru ọkụ eletrik maka ọkwa a dị oke mkpa.
Ọla dị ụkọ: Silver, eji maka kọntaktị eletrik, na-anọchi anya 0.1% nke mkpokọta panel ibu. Ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka kọntaktị ọla kọpa iji belata ndabere a.
Aluminom na ikoIhe ndị a, eji maka okpokolo agba na nchekwa, bụ nke enwere ike ịmegharị ya na na-anọchi anya akara ukwu gburugburu ebe obibi dị ala.
Oriri mmiri
Usoro mmepụta cell fotovoltaic chọrọ nnukwu mmiri, nke bụ isi maka ihicha na jụrụ oyi. Otu ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ na-eri ihe dị ka lita 3 nke mmiri kwa watt arụnyere. Ndị nrụpụta ọrụ mejuputa usoro eji emegharị mmiri iji belata mmetụta a.
Njikwa mkpofu mmepụta ihe
Ihe mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ
Nzọụkwụ ọ bụla nke usoro mmepụta anyanwụ na-emepụta ngwaahịa sitere na-achọ njikwa kwesịrị ekwesị:
- Uzuzu silicon: Anakọtara ma megharịa ya ka ọ bụrụ ingots ọhụrụ
- Etching acid: Mesoo na neutralized tupu mkpofu
- Ihe mgbaze organic: Distilled ma jiri ya mee ihe na usoro
Nkwalite mkpụrụ
Ịkwalite mmepụta mmepụta n'ụzọ igwe na-ebelata oke mkpofu kwa watt a na-emepụta. Cell ọgbara ọhụrụ nwere 22% arụmọrụ na-ebute 30% ihe mkpofu na-erughị otu sel arụmọrụ 15% maka otu ike arụnyere. Nrụpụta ọhụrụ usoro na-aga n'ihu na-ebuli usoro ndị a n'ihu.
Nyocha okirikiri ndụ zuru oke
Usoro mmepụta (0-2 afọ)
Usoro a na-etinye uche na 85% nke usoro fotovoltaic mkpokọta ụkwụ carbon. Mmepụta igodo kacha emetụta nzọụkwụ bụ:
- Silicon dị ọcha (pasent 40 nke ihe a na-emepụta)
- Mmụba ingot (25% nke ikuku ikuku)
- Mbelata wafer (15% nke ihe a na-emepụta)
- Mkpọkọ modul (20% nke ihe ndị na-epupụta)
Usoro ọrụ (afọ 2-30)
N'ime ogologo oge a, mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi bụ naanị:
- Nlekọta mgbochi (nhicha, nyocha)
- Mgbanwe inverter mgbe ụfọdụ
- Ụgbọ njem maka ntinye aka
Akara ụkwụ carbon nke oge a na-anọchi anya ihe na-erughị 5% nke mkpokọta ihe karịrị afọ 30. Maka ịrụ ọrụ sistemu kacha mma n'oge a na-adọ, na-eji ngwá ọrụ dị ka ndị PVGIS anyanwụ ihe mgbako na-enyere aka hụ na ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma.
Oge ngwụcha nke ndụ (afọ 30 gachara)
Nrụgharị akụkụ anyanwụ ngwọta bụrụ oké mkpa ebe a. Modul ngwụcha ndụ nwere ihe bara uru:
- Glass: 75% nke arọ, 95% enwere ike ịmegharị ya
- Aluminom: 8% nke arọ, 100% megharia
- Polymers: 7% nke ibu, enwere ike ịmegharị akụkụ ụfọdụ
- Silicon na ọla: 10% nke arọ, mgbake
Tụnyere mmanụ ọkụ fossil
Ezere ihe ọkụkụ
Usoro fotovoltaic nke 3 kWc na-ezere mpụta nke 1.2 tọn CO2 kwa afọ na France, na-agbakọta tọn 36 karịa ya. oge ndu. Ọrụ a na-etinye anyanwụ n'etiti isi mmalite ike dị ọcha dị.
Ihe na-akpata mgbapụta
Ihe nrụpụta fotovoltaic dị n'etiti 20 na 50 g CO2 / kWh dabere na teknụzụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 820 g. CO2 / kWh maka coal na 490 g CO2 / kWh maka ikuku gas. Nnukwu ọdịiche a na-akwado gburugburu ebe obibi anyanwụ uru.
Atụmatụ Mbelata Mmetụta
Nkwalite usoro
Ndị nrụpụta na-etinye nnukwu ego n'ịkwalite usoro ha:
- Ọkụ mgbake ọkụ maka ịgbaze silicon
- Ọkụ eletrik enwere ike imegharị ya na ụlọ nrụpụta ọkụ
- Usoro kemịkalụ na-emetọ obere maka ọgwụgwọ elu
Eco-ọrụ imewe
Ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke panels na-ejikọta njirisi gburugburu ebe obibi site na nhazi nhazi:
- Mbelata ihe ndị dị mkpa (ọlaọcha, indium)
- Mmeghari akụrụngwa emelitere
- Ogologo ndụ agbatịkwuru ruo afọ 35-40
Mmetụta ụdị ndụ dị iche iche
Nwụnye n'ala
Ugbo anyanwụ nke etinyere n'ala nwere ike imetụta ụdị ndụ dị iche iche nke mpaghara, mana usoro mbelata dị irè dị:
- Okporo ụzọ gburugburu ebe obibi n'etiti ahịrị panel
- Ahịhịa agbadoro n'okpuru na gburugburu nrụnye
- Oge nwụnye na-asọpụrụ okirikiri ọmụmụ
Nwụnye n'elu ụlọ
Nrụnye n'elu ụlọ, dị ka ndị kachasị site na PVGIS ngwaọrụ ịme anwansị, dị ugbu a kacha nta mmetụta dị iche iche nke biodiversity ka ọ na-abawanye ojiji nke ejirila arụrụ arụ ọrụ. Nke PVGIS ego simulator nwere ike inye aka nyochaa ma uru akụ na ụba na gburugburu ebe obibi nke usoro ụlọ elu.
Iwu gburugburu ebe obibi na ụkpụrụ
Ntuziaka European
Ntuziaka WEEE (Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment) chọrọ nchịkọta na imegharị ya. njedebe nke ndụ fotovoltaic panels kemgbe 2014. Iwu a na-ekwe nkwa na opekempe recycling ọnụego nke 80%.
Asambodo gburugburu ebe obibi
Asambodo ISO 14001 na Cradle to Cradle na-eduzi ndị na-emepụta ihe maka omume ga-adigide. Ndị a Ụkpụrụ na-ekpuchi usoro ndụ niile, site na mmịpụta akụrụngwa ruo na imegharị ihe ikpeazụ.
Atụmanya Mmelite Ọdịnihu
Teknụzụ na-apụta
Ihe ọhụrụ nrụpụta na nso nso a na-ekwe nkwa nnukwu uru gburugburu:
- Mkpụrụ ndụ Perovskite: Mmepụta okpomọkụ dị ala
- Teknụzụ organic: Ihe ndị nwere ike imebi
- Mbipụta 3D: Mbelata mmepụta ihe mkpofu
Economy okirikiri
Ngwakọta zuru oke nke akụ na ụba okirikiri na mpaghara fotovoltaic chọrọ:
- Nhazi eco-usoro nke ngwaahịa ọhụrụ
- Netwọk nnakọta nke ọma maka modul ejiri
- Ọwa imegharị ihe pụrụ iche yana uru
Maka ndị nwere mmasị ịgagharị obodo anyanwụ na mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi ha, anyị Anyanwụ Ntuziaka obodo na-enye nghọta bara uru na mmejuputa anyanwụ nke obodo.
Mmechi
Nyocha gburugburu ebe obibi na-ekpughe na ebe mmepụta ike anyanwụ na-enwe mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi n'oge nrụpụta, nke a na-ewepụ ngwa ngwa site na ọtụtụ iri afọ nke ọgbọ ike dị ọcha. Ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na usoro mmepụta ihe, jikọtara ya na ngwọta nrụpụta ihe dị irè, na-eme ka ike anyanwụ bụrụ otu n'ime ihe kachasị isi iyi ike na-adigide taa.
Maka nkọwa zuru ezu banyere mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nwụnye anyanwụ gị, nyochaa anyị PVGIS atụmatụ ndenye aha nke gụnyere nleba anya mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi dị elu.
FAQ - Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke mmepụta ike anyanwụ
Igwe anyanwụ ọ na-emetọ n'oge nrụpụta?
Imepụta panel nke anyanwụ na-emepụta ikuku CO2, ọkachasị n'ihi nchacha silicon. Agbanyeghị, ndị a A na-ewepụ ihe ọkụkụ n'ime afọ 1 ruo 4 nke arụ ọrụ, ebe panel ahụ na-arụ ọrụ maka afọ 25 ruo 30. Nke nguzozi gburugburu ebe obibi na-anọgide na-adị mma.
Ogologo oge ole ka ọ na-ewe maka akụkụ anyanwụ iji mebie mmetụta carbon ya?
Oge nkwụghachi carbon dị iche site na teknụzụ na ebe nrụnye:
- Afọ 1 ruo 2 na mpaghara anwụ na-achasi ike
- 2 ruo 4 afọ na nkezi mpaghara ìhè anyanwụ
Teknụzụ ọhụrụ na-ebelata oge a. Maka ozi zuru ezu, lelee anyị PVGIS akwụkwọ.
A na-emegharị akụkụ anyanwụ anya?
Ee, akụkụ anyanwụ bụ 95% enwere ike ịmegharị ya. Glass na aluminom megharia ngwa ngwa, ebe enwere ike sachaa silicon rụpụta mkpụrụ ndụ ọhụrụ. Ọwa imegharị ihe pụrụ iche na-etolite iji kwalite usoro a.
Mwepụta silicon na-emetọ?
Mwepụta silicon n'onwe ya na-emetọ obere ihe n'ihi na akụrụngwa a bara ụba nke ukwuu. Ọ bụ usoro nchacha nke na-eri ike dị ịrịba ama. Ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eji ọkụ eletrik emeghariwanye maka ọkwa a dị oke mkpa.
Kedu mmetụta mmiri nke oghere anyanwụ?
Imepụta panel chọrọ mmiri maka ihicha na akụrụngwa jụrụ oyi. Ndị na-emepụta ihe na-arụ ọrụ na-emegharị nke a mmiri ma belata oriri. Na-arụ ọrụ, panels anaghị eri mmiri, n'adịghị ka ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ ọkụ.
Kedu otu m ga-esi belata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nwụnye anyanwụ?
Iji belata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi:
- Họrọ paịlị agbaziri agbaziri site n'aka ndị nrụpụta ọrụ
- Jiri ya kwalite nha nha PVGIS ihe mgbako iji zere oke ibu
- Masịrị elu ụlọ n'elu nrụnye ala
- Mee atụmatụ imegharị ihe site na ntinye
- Nweta ozi site na anyị PVGIS blog maka kacha mma omume gburugburu ebe obibi
Ogwe ndị China ọ na-emetọ karịa?
Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi dabere karịa na teknụzụ ejiri na isi mmalite ike ụlọ ọrụ karịa ebe. Ụfọdụ ndị China ndị na-emepụta ihe na-etinye nnukwu ego na ume ọhụrụ maka saịtị mmepụta ha, na-ebelata akara ụkwụ carbon ha. Maka ntụnyere njirimara zuru oke, nyocha PVGIS24 atụmatụ na uru.
Anyị kwesịrị ichere maka teknụzụ ọhụrụ na-emetọ obere ihe?
Ee e, teknụzụ dị ugbu a ewetalarị nguzozi gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma. Ichere ga-egbu oge ozugbo uru gburugburu ebe obibi. Nkwalite teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu ma nwee ike jikọta ya n'ọdịnihu akụrụngwa mmeghari ohuru