Kedu ihe bụ nrụpụta ogwe anyanwụ?
Ịmepụta panel nke anyanwụ bụ usoro nkà na ụzụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke na-agbanwe ike anyanwụ ka ọ bụrụ ọkụ eletrik.
Mgbanwe a na-eme site na mmetụta fotovoltaic, nke Alexandre Edmond Becquerel chọpụtara na 1839,
nke
na-eme ka mkpụrụ ndụ anyanwụ nwee ike ịmepụta ọkụ eletrik ma ọ bụrụ na ìhè kpughee ya.
Nke usoro mmepụta nke anyanwụ panel gụnyere ọtụtụ usoro dị oke mkpa, site na silicon raw
mmịpụta na ntinye ikpeazụ nke modul fotovoltaic n'elu ụlọ ma ọ bụ na ọkụ ọkụ anyanwụ.
Nzọụkwụ 7 bụ isi nke mmepụta anyanwụ
1. Silicon mmịpụta na ịdị ọcha
Nke mbụ nzọụkwụ na mmepụta anyanwụ na-amalite site n'iwepụta silicon si quartz ájá (SiO₂).
Silicon bụ ihe dịka 90% nke sel fotovoltaic dị ugbu a.
Usoro nchacha:
- Mbelata quartz n'ime ọkụ arc eletrik na 3,632°F (2,000°C)
- Mmepụta silicon metallurgical (98% ịdị ọcha)
- Ichacha kemịkalụ site na usoro Siemens iji nweta ịdị ọcha 99.9999%.
- Mmepụta silicon-ọkwa anyanwụ
Oge a na-eri oke ume, na-anọchite anya ihe dịka 45% nke mkpokọta akara ukwu carbon nke anyanwụ.
2. Ịmepụta kristal Silicon Ingots
Ozugbo emere ka ọ dị ọcha, a na-agbaze silicon na crystallized ka ọ bụrụ cylindrical ingots (monocrystalline) ma ọ bụ ngọngọ square.
(polycrystalline).
Ụzọ isi abụọ:
- Usoro Czochralski: na-emepụta silicon monocrystalline na arụmọrụ dị elu (20-22%)
- Usoro nkedo: na-arụpụta silicon polycrystalline, dị ọnụ ala ma dị ala
arụmọrụ
(15-17%)
3. Iberibe wafer
A na-akpụzi ingots ahụ n'ime obere diski a na-akpọ wafer eji diamond waya saws. Nke a
usoro nrụpụta dị oke egwu na-ekpebi ọkpụrụkpụ ikpeazụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ fotovoltaic.
Njirimara wafer:
- Ọkpụrụkpụ: 180 ruo 200 micrometer
- Ọnwụ ihe: ihe dịka 50% n'oge ịkpụ
- N'elu ekpochapụrụ na nke edoziri iji kwalite mmịnye ọkụ
4. Ịkpụpụta mkpụrụ ndụ anyanwụ
Nke a ogbo na-agbanwe wafers ka ọ bụrụ sel arụ ọrụ nwere ike imepụta ọkụ eletrik.
Usoro iji doping:
- P-ụdị doping: na-agbakwunye boron iji mepụta ụgwọ dị mma
- N-ụdị doping: na-etinye phosphorus maka ebubo na-adịghị mma
- Nhazi nke njikọ PN, obi nke mmetụta fotovoltaic
Na-agbakwụnye kọntaktị eletrik:
- Mbipụta ihuenyo nke pastes na-eduzi (ọlaọcha, aluminom)
- Ọkụ ọkụ dị elu iji jikọta kọntaktị
- Nnwale eletriki nke cell ọ bụla
5. Mgbakọ Module anyanwụ
A na-agbakọta mkpụrụ ndụ n'otu n'otu iji mepụta akụkụ anyanwụ zuru ezu.
Nhazi modul:
- Igwe ọkụ na-egbochi ntụgharị uche (ihu ihu)
- EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) na-ekpuchi ya
- Selụ fotovoltaic jikọrọ ọnụ
- Mpempe azụ echedoro (ihu azụ)
- Aluminom etiti maka rigidity
Na nso nso a ọhụrụ na panel
mmepụta ihe gụnyere TOPCon na teknụzụ heterojunction, na-eme ka arụmọrụ rụọ ọrụ
gafere 23%.
6. Nnwale ogo na asambodo
A na-enweta ogwe anyanwụ ọ bụla ule siri ike iji kwe nkwa ịrụ ọrụ na ịdịte aka:
- Nnwale ike n'okpuru ọnọdụ ule ọkọlọtọ (STC)
- Nnwale mkpuchi ọkụ eletrik
- Nnwale mgbochi ihu igwe
- Asambodo mba ụwa (IEC 61215, IEC 61730)
7. Nwụnye na nhazi
Nzọụkwụ ikpeazụ gụnyere ịwụnye panels na saịtị ebe ha na-aga:
Ntinye ebe obibi:
- Ọmụmụ ihe enwere ike iji ngwaọrụ dịkaPVGIS24
- Ulo elu ma ọ bụ n'elu ala
- Igwe ọkụ eletrik na njikwa ọrụ
Nwụnye azụmahịa:
- Nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ike anyanwụ
- Ntinye grid
- Sistemụ nleba anya dị elu
Teknụzụ na-apụta na mmepụta anyanwụ
Mkpụrụ ndụ Perovskite
Mkpụrụ ndụ Perovskite na-anọchi anya ọdịnihu nke mmepụta fotovoltaic na usoro iwu
arụmọrụ karịrị 40% na nhazi tandem.
Selụ bifacial
Selụ ndị a na-enweta ìhè n'akụkụ abụọ, na-abawanye mmepụta ume site na 10 ruo 30% dabere na gburugburu ebe obibi.
Mmepụta ihe nkiri dị mkpa
Nhọrọ ọzọ na silicon crystalline, teknụzụ a na-eji obere ihe semiconductor eme ihe mgbe ọ na-eme nke ọma
arụmọrụ.
Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na nkwado
Mmepụta anyanwụ nke oge a na-agụnye nchegbu gburugburu ebe obibi na-eto eto. Nke mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke anyanwụ
ike na-aga n'ihu na-ebelata ekele maka nkwalite teknụzụ.
Oge nkwụghachi ike: Igwe ọkụ anyanwụ na-akwụghachi ike ejiri rụọ ya n'ime 1 ruo 4
afọ, maka ndụ nke afọ 25 ruo 30.
Nrụgharị akụkụ anyanwụ
ngwọta na-aghọkwa ihe dị mkpa, yana mmemme imegharị ihe na-enyere aka mgbake nke 95% nke
ihe.
Na-ebuli ọrụ anyanwụ gị
Iji hazie nrụnye gị nke ọma, jiri ya PVGIS igwe mgbako anyanwụ nke na-echebara echiche:
- Mgbasa ọkụ anyanwụ na mpaghara gị
- Nhazi kacha mma na tilt
- Ndo na ihe mgbochi nwere ike ime
- Mmepụta ume a tụrụ anya ya
Nke PVGIS ego simulator na-enyere gị aka
nyochaa uru nke itinye ego fotovoltaic gị.
Ọdịnihu nke mmepụta anyanwụ
Usoro nrụpụta fotovoltaic gaa n'ihu iji:
- Na-abawanye akpaaka nke ahịrị mmepụta
- Ibelata ụgwọ nrụpụta
- Ịkwalite mkpụrụ ume ike
- Na-ejikọta ọgụgụ isi artificial maka njikarịcha
Tụnyere mmepụta dị iche iche
ụzọ na-egosi na silicon crystalline ka na-achị, mana teknụzụ ndị ọzọ bụ
inweta
ala.
FAQ - Ajuju a na-ajụkarị gbasara mmepụta anyanwụ
Ogologo oge ole ka ọ na-ewe iji rụpụta ogwe anyanwụ?
Nrụpụta akụkụ anyanwụ zuru ezu, site na mmịpụta silicon ruo ngwaahịa emechara, na-ewe ihe dịka 2 ruo 4
izu.
Agbanyeghị, ọ bụrụ na etinyere nchacha silicon, usoro a nwere ike ịgbatị karịa ọtụtụ ọnwa.
Kedu ihe dị iche n'etiti sel monocrystalline na polycrystalline?
Mkpụrụ ndụ Monocrystalline na-enye arụmọrụ dị elu (20-22%) yana ịrụ ọrụ ọkụ dị ala ka mma mana ọ dị oke ọnụ.
Mkpụrụ ndụ polycrystalline dị obere ọnụ na arụmọrụ 15-17% mana chọrọ ohere karịa maka otu mmepụta ahụ.
Ego ole ka ike dị mkpa iji mepụta panel anyanwụ?
Ịmepụta akụkụ anyanwụ nke 300W chọrọ ihe dị ka 200-400 kWh nke ume, tumadi maka ịdị ọcha silicon.
A na-ewepụ ike a n'ime afọ 1-4 nke ojiji dabere na mpaghara nrụnye.
A na-emegharị akụkụ anyanwụ anya?
Ee, akụkụ anyanwụ bụ 95% enwere ike ịmegharị ya. Enwere ike nwetaghachi iko, aluminom na silicon ma jiri ya mee ihe ọzọ. Imegharị ihe
akụrụngwa na-emepe emepe n'ụwa niile iji hazie ọgbọ mbụ nke panel na-eru ọgwụgwụ nke ndụ.
Gịnị bụ ogologo ndụ nke a anyanwụ panel?
Igwe ọkụ anyanwụ nwere ogologo ndụ nke afọ 25 ruo 30 yana akwụkwọ ikike arụmọrụ na-ekwe nkwa 80% nke mbụ.
ike mgbe afọ 25 gachara. Panel ụfọdụ nwere ike ịga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ karịa afọ 30 na-eji nwayọ nwayọ nwayọ.
Kedu ka esi achịkwa àgwà n'oge mmepụta?
Ọkwa mmepụta ọ bụla gụnyere njikwa mma: nnwale eletriki nke mkpụrụ ndụ, nlele anya, igwe
ule nguzogide, asambodo ụlọ nyocha nọọrọ onwe ya, yana nnwale arụmọrụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọkọlọtọ.
Kedu mba na-achịkwa mmepụta anyanwụ zuru ụwa ọnụ?
China na-anọchite anya ihe dịka 70% nke mmepụta akụkụ anyanwụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, Malaysia, Vietnam na Germany sochiri ya.
Europe na United States na-azụlitekwa ikike mmepụta ha iji belata ịdabere.
Enwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke ogwe ndị dị ugbu a?
Ozugbo arụpụtara ya, enweghị ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ panel. Agbanyeghị, njikarịcha nrụnye (nhazi,
tit,
usoro jụrụ oyi) nwere ike ịbawanye mmepụta. Ọgbọ ọhụrụ na-enweta ihe karịrị 23% arụmọrụ.
Iji mee ka ihe ọmụma fotovoltaic gị dịkwuo omimi ma kwalite ọrụ anyanwụ gị, kpọtụrụ anyị zuru oke PVGIS
ndu ma chọpụta nke anyị zuru ezu
akwụkwọ edobere maka ndị debanyere aha adịchaghị.
