Makina a Sular Paness Kubwezeretsanso Zinthu Zachuma Kumasintha

Kumvetsetsa zachuma chozungulira

Chuma chozungulira mu chithunzi cha Photovoltali chikuimira kuwerenga kwathunthu kwa dzuwa la dzuwa. Mosiyana ndi Mkhalidwe wachikhalidwe "wotulutsa-" zotulutsa " kusinthika.

Kusintha kumeneku kumazungulira pa mfundo zingapo zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimasemphana ndi chilengedwe Kupanga njira. Makina odzipereka eco amaphatikizanso gulu lokonzanso gawo la chitukuko cha chitukuko, Kuthandizira kulekanitsa chuma pamoyo. Kukonzanso zodzikongoletsera za dzuwa kumayambitsanso ina Chipilala chofunikira, chokhala ndi mapanelo omwe amapangidwa kuti azigwira bwino ntchito zaka 25-30.

Kukula kwa zosonkhanitsa kwapadera ndi njira zokongoletsera kumayenderana ndi njira imeneyi, ndikupanga kwathunthu rarsin Ecosystem. Izi Kupanga nyembo Tsopano yambitsani mitengo yosangalatsa yobwezeretsanso 95% ya zinthu zina.

Chovuta cha zodzikongoletsera za solar

Kapangidwe kazinthu zopangidwanso

Mapulogalamu a dzuwa ali ndi zinthu zambiri zofunika kwambiri. Silican imayimira pafupifupi 76% yonse Kulemera ndipo kumatha kuyeretsedwa kuti apange zofunda zatsopano. Aluminium kuchokera ku mafelemu, obwezeretsa mosavuta, amapanga 8% ya kulemera. Galasi, kuyimira 3% ya misa, itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga ma module atsopano kapena mafakitale ena ntchito.

Zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ngati siliva, zimapezeka pamagetsi, zimakhala ndi phindu lachuma kuchira kwawo. Mkuwa wochokera ku chowonda mkati amathanso kuzimiririka. Uwu wopangidwa ndi Zipangizo zosinthidwa zimasanduka gulu lililonse la moyo wathunthu kukhala mgodi weniweni.

Zowonetsedwa pa Photovoltaic Ma voliyumu

Bungwe la Enternal Ensuern Revied (Irena) likuyerekeza kuti matani mamiliyoni 78 miliyoni a solar solars adzafika Mapeto-amoyo pofika 2050. Kukula kwakukulu kameneka kumayambira kuchokera kuphulika kwa dzuwa kuyambira 2000s. Mu Europe, woyamba kuyika mafashoni ofiira a solar tsopano akukwaniritsa gawo lawolo.

Izi zikuimira nthawi yomweyo kukhala vuto lalikulu la chilengedwe komanso mwayi wazachuma. Kufunika kwa zinthu zobwezerezedwanso kumatha kupeza $ 15 biliyoni pofika 2050, malinga ndi Irena Kuyesa. Ichi Maganizo amalimbikitsa kukula kwa zinthu zosinthika komanso kopindulitsa.

Matekinoloje ndi njira zobwezerezedwanso

Njira Zosokonekera

Njira yobwezeretsanso imayamba ndikulekanitsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mafelemu a aluminiyam amachotsedwa mwamakina, Kuthandizira kuchira kwachitsulo. Mabokosi ndi zingwe zimasungidwa mosiyana ndi kuchotsa mkuwa komanso zida zapulasitiki.

Kulekanitsa galasi ndi maselo a silicon amapanga njira yokhazikika kwambiri. Njira zingapo zaukadaulo pakadali pano kachibwenzi. Chithandizo cha kutentha kwambiri (500°C) Imalola kuwonongeka kwa Eva (Ethynene Vinyl Acetate) kuti maselo amalumikizana ndi galasi. Njira iyi, pomwe mphamvu yolemera, imapereka mitengo yobwezeretsa kwambiri.

Njira zamakampani pogwiritsa ntchito ma sodi yosiyanasiyana imapereka njira inayake inayake, yosungitsa bwino Umphumphu. Izi Mafuta Aukadaulo tsopano Kubwezeretsanso kuti mukonzeretu zakuthupi.

Kuyeretsa Zinthu Zakuthupi ndi Kuchita Bwino

Kamodzi kupatukana, zinthu zimayambitsa chithandizo choyeretsa. Silicon yobwezeretsedwanso imafuna mankhwala osokoneza bongo njira zothetsera zonyansa zazing'ono ndi zotsalira. Kuyeretsa kumeneku kumathandizira kupeza silicon wa zabwino zopangira mapanel atsopano.

Siliva, chitsulo chamtengo wapatali kwambiri pa mapanelo, chimachitika njira zochira. Acid zoponyerera Imalola kuti abwezeretse mpaka 99% ya siliva wamba. Copper imatsata njira zofananazi ndi mitengo yayikulu yobwezeretsa.

Zida zoyeretsedwazi zimabwezeretsanso Zopanga zazikulu, kupanga zotsekeka zenizeni loop. Kudzindikira kozungulira kumeneku kumachepetsa kwambiri mavalidwe omwe amatulutsa ndi kuwongolera kayendedwe ka kaboni.

Zotsatira za Chilengedwe ndi Ubwino

Kuchepetsa mapazi

Chuma chozungulira chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku ma elar panels amapanga zabwino zambiri zachilengedwe. Silicon Recyction Pewani 85% ya mpweya wolumikizidwa ndi ma namwali a silicon. Kupulumutsa kumeneku kumayimira matani pafupifupi matani 1.4 a adapewa CO2 pa Tony Tonani ya Retacd.

Kubwezeretsa kwa aluminium kumapewa 95% ya mpweya wolumikizidwa. Poganizira gulu lili ndi Pafupifupi 15 makilogalamu a aluminium, kubwezeretsanso kupewa kutulutsa kwa makilogalamu 165 kg. Izi khalani ndi ma volidio mwachangu.

Kusanthula kwathunthu kwa mphamvu zachilengedwe za mphamvu ya dzuwa chinthu chikuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza chuma chozungulira chitha kuchepetsa Kapangidwe ka kama kaboni pofika 30-40%. Kusintha kofunikira kumeneku kumalimbitsa malo a solar ngati okhazikika Gwero Lamphamvu.

Kusunga zachilengedwe

Kubwezeretsanso kumasunga zachilengedwe zochepa zomwe zimakhazikika. Silicalgical-giloni pamafunika ma deardity apamwamba kwambiri, osakhazikika. Kubwezeretsa Silicon kuchokera pa mapanelo akale amachepetsa kukakamizidwa pazinthu zachilengedwe izi.

Siliva, wotsutsa mafakitale a Photovovoltaltaltaltaltaltaltaltaltaltaltalta, amapatsa malo osungirako padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi ogwiritsa ntchito 10% yazopanga zasiliva zapadziko lonse lapansi, makampani ogulitsa madenga amadalira kwambiri chitsulo chamtengo wapatali ichi. Kubwezeretsanso kumathandizira Kupanga siliva wachiwiri, kuchepetsa kudalira migoni yoyamba.

Kutetezedwa kwazinthu izi kumayenderana ndi chilengedwe zolumikizidwa ndi kugawanika. Migodi yochepa Masamba amatanthawuza kusokonezedwa pang'ono kwachilengedwe, kumwa madzi ochepa, ndipo ochepa amachotsa ndalama.

Mavuto ndi Mayankho

Zopinga Zazachuma Pano

Vuto lalikulu la cosvovoltac zozungulira chuma chimakhalabe ndi chuma. Kusonkhanitsa, Kuyendetsa, ndi Kukonza Ndalama Pogwiritsa ntchito mapanelo ogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amapitilira phindu lililonse. Izi zimayambiranso kuchokera ku mavoliyumu ochepa ndipo kusowa kwa chuma chambiri.

Mitengo yamtengo wapatali, makamaka yotsika kwambiri kuyambira 2022, sinthani silicon ngati wachuma. Izi zaiwisi Mtengo wosinthira zinthu zakuthupi umasinthananso zowonjezera. Makampani amazengereza ndalama mopanda pake popanda phindu.

Kusapezeka kwa malamulo kumayiko ambiri kumalepheretsa kusintha kwa msika. Popanda kubwezeretsa mwalamulo Okakamizidwa, eni ake ambiri sankhani zodula koma zothetsera njira.

Kukulitsa njira zapadera

Kupanga njira zapadera zophatikizira zimafunikira mgwirizano pakati pa ochita masewera angapo. Opanga opanga, Okhazikitsa, odzipha, ndi okonzanso ayenera kugwirira ntchito kwambiri. Kugwirizana kumeneku kumachepetsa njira iliyonse ndikuchepetsa mtengo wonse.

Malo omwe akubwera kuderali amatsogolera zinthu ndikuchepetsa mtengo. Awa Mapulogalamu omaliza amoyo asanayende m'malo. Gululi la gawoli likusonyeza kuti limayenda ndipo Amasintha ndalama zachuma.

Kupanga matekinoloje obwezeretsanso mafoni akuimira kulongosola zanzeru. Magawo onyamula izi amatha kukonza mapanelo mwachindunji pamasamba opindika, kuchepetsa mtengo wopatsa thanzi. Izi zikuchitika makamaka bwino kukhazikitsidwa kwakukulu.

Malangizo ndi ndondomeko yoyambira

Chitsogozo cha Europe

Apainiya a ku European Union Photovoltaic Reviction Refhict ndi Weee (zinyalala zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi Zida) malangizo. Malangizowa amafalitsa udindo wokweza pa opanga, okakamira kuti azipangana ndi ndalama zopereka ndikubwezeretsanso.

Chitsogozo chimakhazikitsa zolinga zokopa ndi 85% kuchotsa muyeso wa panel ndi 80% kubwezeretsanso. Makina oyang'anira awa amalimbikitsa luso laumiriri ndi kukonza zomangamanga. Eco-batolo adalipira ndalama zogulira ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

Njira yolamulira iyi imapanga masamba okhazikika omwe amalimbikitsa ndalama zapamwamba. Makampani amatha kukonza nthawi yayitali Zochita, Kudziwa kufunikira kobwezera kumatsimikizika mwalamulo. Chitetezo chalamulo ichi chikuwoneka kuti chidadzipereka magawo a mafakitale.

Zoyenera Zapadziko Lonse

Padziko lonse lapansi, dziko la Enternal Ency Enterncytaltauc Magetsi (IEA PVPS) Corremining Solar kufufuzanso kafukufuku. Kugwirizana kwapadziko lonse lapansi kumathandizira kugawana ndi kuchita bwino Kugwirizana. Mayiko mamembala amasinthana ndi zokumana nazo zatsopano.

Kupanga kwa PC, kuzungulira kosagwirizana, kumapangitsa kuti chithunzithunzi cha Photovoltaltaltal ndikubwezeretsanso mu 18 Mayiko aku Europe. Kapangidwe kameneka kameneka kwamphamvu ndi kumatsimikizira kuti ntchito yanyumba madera. Patsamba zoposa 40,000 za matani a matoni a Panels asonkhanitsidwa kuyambira pa chilengedwe chake.

Izi zakunja zimakonzekeretsa tsogolo la mtsogolo. Cholinga chimafuna kukhazikitsa dziko lonse lapansi Miyezo yobwezerezedwanso, yothandizira kusinthanitsa ndi kukonza njira zosinthira.

Zizindikiro zotuluka ndi matekinoloje

Kapangidwe kofuna kukonzanso

Mapulogalamu atsopano a m'badwo watsopano kwambiri amafanana ndi zovuta za moyo wotha. Eco-kapangidwe kake amayang'ana mosavuta Zipangizo Zolekanitsidwa ndi Zigawo Zosinthidwa. "Kapangidwe kameneka kobwezera" kusinthiratu Makampani opanga zithunzi.

Zovuta zimaphatikizapo zomatira za thermofasistusth. Izi zimasungunuka nthawi yotsika Kutentha, kutsogolera galasi ndi kupatukana kwa khungu. Kusintha kwaukadaulo uku kumachepetsa mphamvu zobwezerezedwanso Kudya komanso bwino kumasunga zakuthupi.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mafelemu apakati pang'onopang'ono amalowa m'matumba owala. Chisinthiko choterechi chimapangitsa zosavuta kusokoneza popanda kusintha kwa aluminium. Zolumikizira zopangidwa ndi magetsi zimayambiranso kuthamanga komanso wamtengo wapatali kuchira kwachitsulo.

Kuyika patsamba lokonzanso

Kupanga matekinoloje obwezeretsanso mafoni kumasintha madambo akuluakulu a dzuwa. Mayunitsi odziyimira magwiridwe apakati pa tsamba, kupewa kunyamula ndi kusamalira. Njira iyi imachepetsa kwambiri mtengo ndikubwezeretsanso mawonekedwe a kaboni.

Makina awa amaphatikizira njira zonse zogwirizira m'matumba oyenerera. Kukhumudwa, Kupatukana, ndi kuyeretsa kumachitika m'mbali mwa zotsekeka. Zida zochirikiridwa zimayatsidwa kuti zibwezeretse mwachindunji maunyolo apatsa.

Kupanga kumeneku kumatithandizanso kukhala mafamu akulu okwera dzuwa omwe amakhala ndi moyo nthawi imodzi. Pitisa Kusunga ndikuchepetsa kumathandizira kwambiri kukonzanso zopindulitsa.

Ntchito Zothandiza ndi Zida Zoyeserera

Kusintha kwa chuma chozungulira kumafuna zida zowunikira zamphamvu zowerengera zachilengedwe komanso zachuma Ubwino. A PVGIS Zowerengera Tsopano phatikizani moyo wathunthu ma module owunikira, kuphatikizapo magawo obwezeredwanso.

Zidazi zimapangitsa kuti akatswiri azitha kuwunika zachilengedwe za Photovoltac pa iwo moyo wonse. Kuphatikiza zodzikongoletsera zakukonzanso kukhala kopindulitsa kumathandiza kusankha kusankha njira zothetsera zambiri. A PVGIS Katswiri Wachuma zopatsa zonse Kusanthula pachuma kuphatikizapo ndalama zomaliza.

Madera okhudzana ndi kusintha kwamphamvu, mizinda ya dzuwa kupanga zophatikizira zonyansa za Photovoltaic Njira. Maderawa amafika kukhazikitsidwa kwa chitukuko cha dzuwa ndi njira yobwezeretseranso komweko.

Maganizo amtsogolo

Chovala chachuma chozungulira chimakumana ndi kupitilizidwa kwakukulu mu zaka zikubwerazi. Kuchuluka kwazowonjezera Makina omaliza amoyo adzapanga chuma chambiri ndikukonzanso zinthu zachuma. Kuyesetsa Sonyezani kufanana kwachuma kumafika pafupifupi 2030.

Kupanga ukadaulo kumapitilira kuchepetsa ndalama zobwezeretsanso ndalama zobwezeretsa. Osati zolengedwa Chitukuko chanzeru pakukonzekera bwino ndi Robotics kuti musinthe dzuwa lokonzanso dzuwa.

Kuphatikiza chuma chozungulira mu Photovoltaic Mabizinesi a Photovolta ntchito. Opanga amapereka mgwirizano kuphatikiza kukhazikitsa, kukonza, ndikubwezeretsanso, kupanga Udindo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Chisinthiko choterechi chidzalimbitsa malo a solar moona mphamvu yokhazikika komanso yozungulira.

Kuti muchepetse chidziwitso chanu cha mphamvu ya dzuwa komanso zovuta zake zachilengedwe, funsani maliza PVGIS londolera Kupanga zinthu zonse zaukadaulo komanso zowongolera. A PVGIS nkhani Amaperekanso zinthu zapadera zamakampani ogulitsa.

FAQ - mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri pa chuma chozungulira komanso mapanelo a dzuwa

Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti mubwezeretse gulu la dzuwa?

Njira yathunthu yobwezeretsanso ya dzuwa imatenga maola 2-4 kutengera ukadaulo wogwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutalika kumene zimaphatikizapo kupatukana, kulekanitsa zakuthupi, ndi njira yotsutsira yoyambira. Njira zamakono zamakono zimatha gwiranani mpaka 200 pagawo patsiku m'malo apadera.

Kodi mtengo wobwezeretsanso gulu la dzuwa ndi chiyani?

Ndalama zobwezerezedwanso zimasiyana pakati pa €10-30 pa gulu lililonse motengera ukadaulo komanso ma volidio. Ndalama izi zimaphatikizapo zosonkhanitsa, kunyamula, ndi kukonza. Ku Europe, Eco-Contration Ophatikizidwa ndi mtengo wogula imaphimba ndalamazi. Ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwake, mtengo wake umayenera kuchepa kwa 40-50% pofika 2030.

Kodi mapanelo a dzuwa amabwezeretsedwera kwambiri ngati atsopano?

Zipangizo zobwezerezedwanso, silika yoyeretsa, imatha kukwaniritsa 98% ya namwali magwiridwe antchito. Mapanelo Zopangidwa ndi silicon yobwezeretsanso mphatso yofanana ndi zokolola zamasewera. Lifeshpan inafananso, Zaka 25-30 osachepera ndi zikalata zodziwika bwino.

Kodi pali maudindo ovomerezeka ovomerezeka kwa munthu aliyense?

Ku Europe, kuwongolera kwaulemu kwa ma panels aulere. Anthu ayenera kuyika mapanelo akale ku Kuvomerezedwa kusonkhanitsa kapena kuwabwezeretsa kwa ogulitsa nthawi yomweyo. Kutayika kapena kusiyidwa ndi zoletsedwa komanso zokhudzana ndi chindapusa.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kubwezeretsanso kwatsopano kwa mapanelo anga a dzuwa?

Yang'anani fosho 14001 (yoyang'anira chilengedwe) ndi ISO 45001 (chitetezo). Ku Europe, Tsimikizani PV Kukhala membala kwa chilengedwe kapena chofananira. Funsani zoyeserera zathupi ndi zikalata zowononga Zosagwirizana ndi zosafunikira. Woyambitsa wanu akhoza kukutsogolerani kwa ogwirizana.

Kuchuluka kwa co2 kumabwezeretsanso gulu lankhondo la dzuwa?

Kubwezeretsanso gulu la 300W kumapewa pafupifupi 200 kg co2 zofanana poyerekeza ndi zinthu zamwali. Kupulumutsa kumeneku kumachokera ku aluminiyamu kukonzanso (165 kg co2) ndi silicon (35 kg co2). Kudutsa kwathunthu Pouni Yokhazikitsidwa, Kupulumutsa kotereku kukuimira matani 50 miliyoni kuti apewe CO2 pofika 2050.

Kuti mumve zambiri za ukadaulo wamadongosolo ndi zida zoyeserera, onani PVGIS mawonekedwe ndi mapindu kapena pezani omvetsa PVGIS blog kuphimba mbali zonse za mphamvu za dzuwa ndi zithunzi.