Makina a Sular Paness Kubwezeretsanso Zinthu Zachuma Kumasintha

Kumvetsetsa zachuma chozungulira

Chuma chozungulira mu chithunzi cha Photovoltali chikuimira kuwerenga kwathunthu kwa dzuwa la dzuwa. Mosiyana ndi mtundu wachikhalidwe "zotulutsa zotulutsa" zotulutsa, zomwe zikuwoneka bwino, njirayi imayeneranso kugwirira ntchito, kubwezeretsanso, ndi kusinthika.

Kusintha kumeneku kumazungulira mfundo zingapo zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimasemphana ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zimapangidwa ndi njira zoyendera. Kupanga kwamphamvu kwa Eco-kumalumikizananso ndi gulu la chitukuko kuchokera ku chitukuko cha chitukuko, kukulitsa kulekanitsa chuma pamoyo pamoyo. Kukhazikitsa kwa moyo wa dzuwa kumapangitsa kuti mzati wina wofunikira, wokhala ndi mapanelo amapangidwa kuti azigwira bwino ntchito zaka 25-30.

Kukula kwa ntchito yapadera ndi njira zokomera kumayenderana ndi njira imeneyi, ndikupanga chilengedwe chonse. Izi Kupanga Zosankha Zoyendetsa Tsopano yambitsani mitengo yosangalatsa yobwezeretsanso 95% ya zinthu zina.

Chovuta cha zodzikongoletsera za solar

Kapangidwe kazinthu zopangidwanso

Mapulogalamu a dzuwa ali ndi zinthu zambiri zofunika kwambiri. Silikan imayimira pafupifupi 76% ya kulemera kwathunthu ndipo imatha kuyeretsedwa kuti ipange zofunda zatsopano. Aluminiyamu kuchokera ku mafelemu, obwezereka mosavuta, amapanga 8% ya kulemera. Galasi, kuyimira 3% ya misa, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pakupanga ma module atsopano kapena ntchito zina zopangira mafakitale.

Zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ngati siliva, mphatso zamagetsi, okhala ndi phindu lalikulu lazachuma zimapangitsa kuti ayambenso kuchira. Mkuwa wochokera ku chowonda mkati amathanso kuzimiririka. Uwu wopangidwa ndi zotsekemera zimasintha gulu lililonse la moyo wathu ndi moyo kukhala mgodi weniweni.

Zowonetsedwa pa Photovoltaic Ma voliyumu

Age Ency Exct Exctrible Agency (Irena) akuyerekeza kuti matani a solar 78 miliyoni a solar adzafika kumapeto kwa 2050. Kukula kwakukulu kameneka kumayambira kuchokera kuphulika kwa mafinya a dzuwa kuyambira 2000s. Ku Europe, mafano oyambitsidwa ndi ofiira a dzuwa tsopano akukwaniritsa gawo lawolo.

Izi zikuimira nthawi yomweyo kukhala vuto lalikulu la chilengedwe komanso mwayi wazachuma. Kufunika kwa zinthu zobwezerezedwanso kumatha kupeza $ 15 biliyoni pofika 2050, malinga ndi Irena Kuyesa. Malingaliro awa amalimbikitsa kukula ndi zopindulitsa zobwezerezedwanso.

Matekinoloje ndi njira zobwezerezedwanso

Njira Zosokonekera

Njira yobwezeretsanso imayamba ndikulekanitsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mafelemu a aluminiyam amachotsedwa mwamapazi, kupangitsa kuti zitsulo zitheke. Mabokosi ndi zingwe amasulidwa mosiyana kuti atulutse mkuwa ndi zopumira pulasitiki.

Kulekanitsa galasi ndi maselo a silicon amapanga njira yokhazikika kwambiri. Njira zingapo zaukadaulo pakadali pano. Chithandizo cha kutentha kwambiri (500°C) Imalola kuwonongeka kwa Eva (ethylene vinyll acetate) kuti maselo amalumikizana ndi galasi. Njira iyi, pomwe mphamvu yolemera, imapereka mitengo yobwezeretsa kwambiri.

Njira zamakampani pogwiritsa ntchito ma sodi yosiyanasiyana imapereka njira ina yoyipa kwambiri, yosungitsira bwino kuchotsedwa bwino kukhulupirika. Izi Mafuta Aukadaulo Tsopano yikani kukonzanso kuti mutseke zakuthupi.

Kuyeretsa Zinthu Zakuthupi ndi Kuchita Bwino

Kamodzi kupatukana, zinthu zimayambitsa chithandizo choyeretsa. Silicon yobwezeretsedwanso imafuna njira zosinthira kuti muchepetse zosagaweka ndi zotsalira. Kuyeretsa kumeneku kumathandizira kupeza silika yokwanira yopangira mapanel atsopano.

Siliva, chitsulo chamtengo wapatali kwambiri pa mapanelo, chimachitika njira zochira. Ma acid Proaching Expretring imalola kuti abwezeretse mpaka 99% ya siliva wamba. Copper imatsata njira zofananazi ndi mitengo yayikulu yobwezeretsa.

Zida zoyeretsedwazi zimabwezeretsanso Zopanga zazikulu, kupanga chotseka chenicheni. Kudzindikira kozungulira kumeneku kumachepetsa kwambiri mavalidwe omwe amatulutsa ndi kuwongolera kayendedwe ka kaboni.

Zotsatira za Chilengedwe ndi Ubwino

Kuchepetsa mapazi

Chuma chozungulira chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku ma elar panels amapanga zabwino zambiri zachilengedwe. Silicon kubwezeretsanso kupewa 85% ya mpweya wolumikizidwa ndi namwali wa namwali. Kupulumutsa kumeneku kumayimira matani 1.4 matani opeweka CO2 pa Tony perycted anicon.

Kubwezeretsa kwa aluminium kumapewa 95% ya mpweya wolumikizidwa. Poganizira gulu lili pafupifupi 15 makilogalamu a aluminium, kubwezeretsanso kupewa kutulutsa kwa makilogalamu 165 kg imodzi pagawo lililonse. Izi ndalamazi zimaunjikira mwachangu ndi ma volidio opangidwa.

Kusanthula kwathunthu kwa mphamvu zachilengedwe za dzuwa Zikuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza chuma chozungulira kumatha kuchepetsa mapazi a Photovoltal a Carbon pofika 30-40%. Kusintha kwakukulu kumeneku kumalimbitsa malo a dzuwa ngati gwero lokhazikika.

Kusunga zachilengedwe

Kubwezeretsanso kumasunga zachilengedwe zochepa zomwe zimakhazikika. Silicle-kalasi ya kalasi imafunikira ma deardity apamwamba, osakhalapo. Kubwezeretsa Silicon kuchokera pamagawo akale kumachepetsa kupanikizika kwachilengedwe.

Siliva, wotsutsa mafakitale a Photovovoltaltaltaltaltaltaltaltaltaltaltalta, amapatsa malo osungirako padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi kumwa zoimira 10% ya nkhani zasiliva zapadziko lonse lapansi, makampani ogulitsa dzuwa amadalira kwambiri chitsulo chamtengo wapatali ichi. Kubwezeretsanso kumathandizira kupanga siliva wachiwiri, kuchepetsa kudana ndi mabomba oyamba.

Kutetezedwa kwazinthu izi kumayenderana ndi chilengedwe zolumikizidwa ndi kugawanika. Masamba ochepa ochepera amatanthawuza kusokonezeka kwa anthu wamba, kumwa madzi ochepa, ndipo ochepa omwe amachotsa ndalama.

Mavuto ndi Mayankho

Zopinga Zazachuma Pano

Vuto lalikulu la cosvovoltac zozungulira chuma chimakhalabe ndi chuma. Kusonkhanitsa, kunyamula, ndi kukonza ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito zogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kumathanso phindu. Izi zimayambira kuchokera ku mavoliyumu ochepa komanso kusowa kwa chuma chambiri.

Mitengo yamtengo wapatali, makamaka yotsika kwambiri kuyambira 2022, sinthani silicon ngati wachuma. Mavuto osinthika osinthika osinthika omwe amabwezeretsanso zowonjezera. Makampani amazengereza kuti azitha kuwononga ndalama popanda nthawi yayitali.

Kusapezeka kwa malamulo kumayiko ambiri kumalepheretsa kusintha kwa msika. Popanda kukakamizidwa kubwezeretsa mwalamulo, eni ambiri amasankha njira zochepa koma zotsika mtengo.

Kukulitsa njira zapadera

Kupanga njira zapadera zophatikizira zimafunikira mgwirizano pakati pa ochita masewera angapo. Opanga amapanga, okhazikitsa, odzipha, komanso okonzanso ayenera kugwirira ntchito bwino. Mgwirizanowu umalimbikitsa njira iliyonse ndikuchepetsa mtengo wonse.

Malo omwe akubwera kuderali amatsogolera zinthu ndikuchepetsa mtengo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mapanelo amoyo athe ntchito isanachitike. Gululi kuwunikirali likusonyeza kuti limayenda ndikusintha phindu lazachuma.

Kupanga matekinoloje obwezeretsanso mafoni akuimira kulongosola zanzeru. Magawo ogwiritsira ntchito amatha kukonza mapanelo mwachindunji pamasamba ovutitsa, kuchepetsa mtengo wopatsa thanzi. Njira yodabwitsayi imasinthira makamaka kukhazikitsidwa kwakukulu.

Malangizo ndi ndondomeko yoyambira

Chitsogozo cha Europe

Apainiyawa apainiyawa apainiya aku Eurovoltac Recoction Refycuting ndi Weee (zinyalala zamagetsi ndi zida zamagetsi). Malamulo awa amapereka udindo wokweza pa opanga, amawakakamiza kuti azikonza ndi ndalama zogulitsa ndi kubwezeretsanso.

Chitsogozo chimakhazikitsa zolinga zokopa ndi 85% kuchotsa muyeso wa panel ndi 80% kubwezeretsanso. Makina oyang'anira awa amalimbikitsa luso laumiriri ndi kukonza zomangamanga. Eco-batolo adalipira ndalama zogulira ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

Njira yolamulira iyi imapanga masamba okhazikika omwe amalimbikitsa ndalama zapamwamba. Makampani amatha kukonza zochitika za nthawi yayitali, kudziwa kufunikira kobwezera kumatsimikizika mwalamulo. Chitetezo cha boma ichi chimatuluka kwa magawo odzipereka a anthu odzipereka.

Zoyenera Zapadziko Lonse

Padera, padziko lonse lapansi mphamvu ya Photovoltaic mphamvu (IEA PVPS) imagwirizanitsanso kafukufuku wobwezeretsa dzuwa. Kugwirizana kwapadziko lonse lapansi kumathandizira kuti ukadaulo wamaluso komanso kugwirizanitsa bwino. Mayiko mamembala amasinthana ndi zokumana nazo zatsopano.

Kupanga kwa PC, kuzungulira kosagwirizana, kumapangitsa kuti chithunzithunzi cha Phopvovoltaltachi ndi kubwezeretsanso mayiko 18 ku Europe. Kapangidwe kameneka kwamphamvu kumawononga ndalama ndikutsimikizira ntchito yolowera m'magawo. Patsamba zoposa 40,000 za matani a matoni a Panels asonkhanitsidwa kuyambira pa chilengedwe chake.

Izi zakunja zimakonzekeretsa tsogolo la mtsogolo. Cholinga chake chimafuna kukhazikitsa miyezo yobwezeretsanso zinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi, zosinthanitsa malonda ndi kukonza njira zosinthira.

Zizindikiro zotuluka ndi matekinoloje

Kapangidwe kofuna kukonzanso

Mapulogalamu atsopano a m'badwo watsopano kwambiri amafanana ndi zovuta za moyo wotha. Eco-kapangidwe kazikonzedwa bwino zinthu zopatukana ndi misonkhano yoletsedwa. "Kapangidwe ka njira yobwezeretsanso" kusinthiratu malonda a Photovovoltal.

Zovuta zimaphatikizapo zomatira za thermofasistusth. Magombe atsopano awa amasungunuka pamtundu wotsika, wotsogolera galasi ndi kupatukana kwa khungu. Kusintha kumeneku kumachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zobwezeretsanso bwino mphamvu komanso bwino kumasunga zakuthupi.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mafelemu apakati pang'onopang'ono amalowa m'matumba owala. Chisinthiko choterechi chimapangitsa kuti pakhale losavuta popanda kusintha kwaumulungu. Zolumikizira zochotsa zamagetsi zimayambiranso kuwonda ndi kuchira kwachitsulo chamtengo wapatali.

Kuyika patsamba lokonzanso

Kupanga matekinoloje obwezeretsanso mafoni kumasintha madambo akuluakulu a dzuwa. Mayunitsi odziyimira pawokha amagwirizanitsa ma conels molunjika pamalopo, kupewa kunyamula ndi kusamalira. Njirayi imachepetsa mtengo wopatsa chidwi ndikubwezeretsanso mayendedwe a kaboni.

Makina awa amaphatikizira njira zonse zogwirizira m'matumba oyenerera. Kukhumudwa, kudzipatula, ndi kuyeretsa kumachitika m'magawo otsekeka. Zipangizo zochirikidwe zimasungidwa kuti zibwezeretse ma unyolo othandizira.

Kupanga kumeneku kumatithandizanso kukhala mafamu akulu okwera dzuwa omwe amakhala ndi moyo nthawi imodzi. Kusunga ndalama ndikuchepetsa kumathandizira kwambiri kupindulitsanso zopindulitsa.

Ntchito Zothandiza ndi Zida Zoyeserera

Kusintha kwa chuma chozungulira kumafunikira zida zowunikira zamphamvu zowerengera zachilengedwe komanso zachuma. A PVGIS Zowerengera Tsopano phatikizani ma module okwanira pafupipafupi, kuphatikizapo magawo obwezeretsedwanso.

Zidazi zimapangitsa kuti akatswiri azitha kuwunika zachilengedwe za Photovovoltac pazonse zoposa kumoyo wawo wonse. Kuphatikiza zodzikongoletsera pokonzanso zopindulitsa kumathandizanso kusankha kusankha njira zothetsera mavuto. A PVGIS Katswiri Wachuma Amapereka ndalama zokwanira kuphatikiza ndalama zomaliza.

Madera okhudzana ndi kusintha kwamphamvu, mizinda ya dzuwa kupanga njira zophatikizira za Photovovoltaic zinyalala. Maderawa amafika kukhazikitsidwa kwa chitukuko cha dzuwa ndi njira yobwezeretseranso komweko.

Maganizo amtsogolo

Chovala chachuma chozungulira chimakumana ndi kupitilizidwa kwakukulu mu zaka zikubwerazi. Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa malekezero amoyo kumapangitsa chuma kukhala chowonjezera chachuma. Zolinga zimawonetsa kuti kuli kofanana ndi zachuma zimafika pafupifupi 2030.

Kupanga ukadaulo kumapitilira kuchepetsa ndalama zobwezeretsanso ndalama zobwezeretsa. Kukhazikitsa kwanzeru kwa makonzedwe ndi ma robotic kuti mugwiritse ntchito makina ogwiritsa ntchito makina kumasintha mafakitale obwezeretsa dzuwa.

Kuphatikiza chuma chozungulira mu Photovoltaic Mabizinesi a Phopvoltaltal adzasandulika kumaliza "kakhota kakang'ono kwambiri". Opanga adzaganiza kuti mapangano kuphatikiza kukhazikitsa, kukonza, ndikukonzanso, ndikupanga udindo wapadziko lonse lapansi pamiyoyo yonse. Chisinthiko choterechi chidzalimbitsa malo a solaror monga mphamvu zokhazikika komanso zozungulira.

Kuti muchepetse chidziwitso chanu cha mphamvu ya dzuwa komanso zovuta zake zachilengedwe, funsani maliza PVGIS londolera Kupanga zinthu zonse zaukadaulo komanso zowongolera. A PVGIS nkhani Amaperekanso zinthu zapadera zamakampani ogulitsa.

FAQ - mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri pa chuma chozungulira komanso mapanelo a dzuwa

Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti mubwezeretse gulu la dzuwa?

Njira yathunthu yobwezeretsanso ya dzuwa imatenga maola 2-4 kutengera ukadaulo wogwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutalika kumeneku kumaphatikizapo kupatukana, kulekanitsa zakuthupi, ndi njira zotsutsira zotsutsira. Njira zamakono za mafakitale zimatha kugwira ntchito zokwana 200 patsiku m'malo apadera.

Kodi mtengo wobwezeretsanso gulu la dzuwa ndi chiyani?

Ndalama zobwezerezedwanso zimasiyana pakati pa €10-30 pa gulu lililonse motengera ukadaulo komanso ma volidio. Mtengowu umaphatikizapo zosonkhanitsa, kunyamula, ndi kukonza. Ku Europe, Eco-chopereka chophatikizidwa ndi mtengo wogula amaphimba ndalama izi. Ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwake, mtengo wake umayenera kuchepa kwa 40-50% pofika 2030.

Kodi mapanelo a dzuwa amabwezeretsedwera kwambiri ngati atsopano?

Zipangizo zobwezerezedwanso, silika yoyeretsa, imatha kukwaniritsa 98% ya namwali magwiridwe antchito. Panels opangidwa ndi silicon ya recycted Iliman yomwe ilipo chimodzimodzi ndi zokolola zamasewera. Moyo wamoyo umakhalabe chimodzimodzi, 25-30 zaka zochepa ndi zikwangwani.

Kodi pali maudindo ovomerezeka ovomerezeka kwa munthu aliyense?

Ku Europe, kuwongolera kwaulemu kwa ma panels aulere. Anthu azikhala okalamba kuvomerezedwa kuvomerezedwa kapena kuwabwezera kwa ogulitsa nthawi yomweyo. Kutayika kapena kusiyidwa ndizoletsedwa komanso kufinya.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kubwezeretsanso kwatsopano kwa mapanelo anga a dzuwa?

Yang'anani fosho 14001 (yoyang'anira chilengedwe) ndi ISO 45001 (chitetezo). Ku Europe, onetsetsani kuti pv umembala wa pv kapena zofanana ndi dziko. Funsani zoyeserera zathupi ndi mafodi owononga pazosagwirizana. Woyambitsa wanu akhoza kukutsogolerani kwa ogwirizana.

Kuchuluka kwa co2 kumabwezeretsanso gulu lankhondo la dzuwa?

Kubwezeretsanso gulu la 300W kumapewa pafupifupi 200 kg co2 zofanana poyerekeza ndi zinthu zamwali. Kupulumutsa kumeneku kumachokera ku aluminiyamu kukonzanso (165 kg co2) ndi silicon (35 kg co2). Pang'onopang'ono maziko onsewo, zopulumutsa izi ziimira matani 50 miliyoni kuti apewe CO2 pofika 2050.

Kuti mumve zambiri za ukadaulo wamadongosolo ndi zida zoyeserera, onani PVGIS mawonekedwe ndi mapindu kapena pezani zokwanira PVGIS blog kuphimba mbali zonse za mphamvu za dzuwa ndi zithunzi.