PVGIS 5.3 ANTHU OTSATIRA

Zida zambiri mu PVGIS 5.3 amafuna zolowera kuchokera kwa wogwiritsa ntchito - izi imagwiridwa ngati mawonekedwe apaintaneti, pomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amadina pazosankha kapena kulowetsa zambiri, monga kukula kwa dongosolo la PV.

Asanalowe deta kwa mawerengedwe wosuta ayenera kusankha malo kwa
zomwe kupanga mawerengedwe.

Izi zimachitidwa ndi:

PVGIS 5.3 amalola ku wogwiritsa ntchito kuti mupeze zotsatira mumitundu yosiyanasiyana njira:

 

2. Kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chakutsogolo

Kuwerengera kwa ma radiation a solar ndi/kapena PV performance mu PVGIS 5.3 akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zambiri za
m'chizimezime m'deralo kuti muyerekeze zotsatira za mithunzi kuchokera kumapiri apafupi kapena mapiri.
Wogwiritsa ali ndi zosankha zingapo panjira iyi, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa kumanja kwa fayilo ya map mu
PVGIS 5.3 chida.

3. Kusankha cheza cha dzuwa database

Ma solar radiation databases (DBs) omwe amapezeka mu PVGIS 5.3 ndi:

Ma database awa ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachisawawa pamene chizindikiro cha raddatabase sichinaperekedwe
mu zida zosagwiritsa ntchito. Awanso ndi nkhokwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chida cha TMY.

4. Kuwerengera makina a PV olumikizidwa ndi grid ntchito

Makina a Photovoltaic kusintha mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Ngakhale ma module a PV amatulutsa magetsi olunjika (DC), nthawi zambiri ma module amalumikizidwa ndi Inverter yomwe imasintha magetsi a DC kukhala AC, omwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwanuko kapena kutumizidwa ku gridi yamagetsi. Mtundu uwu wa Pulogalamu ya PV imatchedwa grid-connected PV. The kuwerengera kwa kupanga mphamvu kumaganiza kuti mphamvu zonse zomwe sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kwanuko zitha kukhala kutumizidwa ku gridi.

4.1 Zolowetsa pa mawerengedwe a PV system

PVGIS ikufunika zambiri kuchokera kwa wogwiritsa ntchito kuti awerengere mphamvu ya PV kupanga. Zolemba izi zikufotokozedwa motere:

Kuchita kwa ma module a PV kumadalira kutentha ndi kutentha kuwala kwa dzuwa, koma
kudalira kwenikweni kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma module a PV. Pakali pano tikhoza
yerekezerani zotayika chifukwa cha kutentha ndi kuyatsa zotsatira za mitundu yotsatirayi
Ma modules: crystalline silicon maselo; filimu yopyapyala yopangidwa kuchokera ku CIS kapena CIGS ndi filimu yopyapyala
ma modules opangidwa kuchokera ku Cadmium Telluride (CdTe).

Kwa matekinoloje ena (makamaka ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana wa amorphous), kuwongolera uku sikungakhale
owerengeka apa. Ngati musankha chimodzi mwa zinthu zitatu zoyambirira apa mawerengedwe a ntchito
idzaganizira kudalira kutentha kwa ntchito ya osankhidwa
luso. Ngati musankha njira ina (zina / zosadziwika), kuwerengera kudzatenga kutaya za
8% ya mphamvu chifukwa cha kutentha (mtengo wamba womwe wapezeka kuti ndiwoyenera
nyengo zotentha).

Kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa PV kumadaliranso kuchuluka kwa ma radiation a solar. PVGIS 5.3 akhoza werengera
momwe kusiyanasiyana kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa kumakhudzira kupanga mphamvu zonse ku PV
dongosolo. Pakalipano kuwerengera uku kungathe kuchitidwa kwa crystalline silicon ndi CdTe ma modules.
Dziwani kuti kuwerengeraku sikunapezekebe mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma radiation a solar a NSRDB database.

Izi ndi mphamvu zomwe wopanga amalengeza kuti gulu la PV likhoza kupanga pansi pa muyezo
test condition (STC), yomwe ndi 1000W yosalekeza ya kuwala kwa dzuwa pa mita lalikulu mu
ndege ya gulu, pa kutentha osiyanasiyana 25°C. Mphamvu yapamwamba iyenera kulowetsedwa
kilowatt-peak (kWp). Ngati simukudziwa kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa ma module anu koma m'malo mwake
kudziwa chigawo cha ma modules ndi kulengeza kutembenuka bwino (mu peresenti), mungathe
werengera mphamvu yapamwamba ngati mphamvu = dera * magwiridwe antchito / 100. Onani kufotokozera zambiri mu FAQ.

Ma module awiri: PVGIS 5.3 alibe't kupanga mawerengedwe enieni a mawonekedwe awiri ma modules pakali pano.
Ogwiritsa ntchito omwe akufuna kufufuza zopindulitsa zaukadaulo uwu akhoza kulowa mtengo wa mphamvu
Bifacial Nameplate Irradiance. Izi zitha kukhalanso zitha kuyerekezedwa kuchokera nsonga yakutsogolo
mphamvu P_STC mtengo ndi bifaciality factor, φ (ngati zafotokozedwa mu gawo la data sheet) monga: P_BNPI
= P_STC * (1 + φ * 0.135. NB njira iyi ya bifacial siili oyenera BAPV kapena BIPV
kukhazikitsa kapena ma module okwera pa NS axis mwachitsanzo moyang'anizana EW.

Kuwonongeka kwadongosolo ndizomwe zimatayika mu dongosolo, zomwe zimayambitsa mphamvu kwenikweni
zoperekedwa ku gridi yamagetsi kuti ikhale yotsika kuposa mphamvu yopangidwa ndi ma module a PV. Apo
Pali zifukwa zingapo zakutayika uku, monga kutayika kwa zingwe, ma inverters amagetsi, dothi (nthawi zina
chipale chofewa) pa ma modules ndi zina zotero. Kwa zaka zambiri ma modules amakhalanso otaya pang'ono awo
mphamvu, kotero kuti chiwongola dzanja cha pachaka pa moyo wa dongosololi chidzakhala chocheperapo peresenti
kuposa zomwe zinatuluka m'zaka zoyambirira.

Tapereka mtengo wokhazikika wa 14% pazotayika zonse. Ngati muli ndi malingaliro abwino kuti anu
mtengo udzakhala wosiyana (mwina chifukwa cha inverter yapamwamba kwambiri) mutha kuchepetsa izi mtengo
pang'ono.

Kwa machitidwe okhazikika (osatsata), momwe ma module amapangidwira adzakhala ndi chikoka
kutentha kwa module, komwe kumakhudzanso magwiridwe antchito. Zoyeserera zawonetsedwa
kuti ngati kuyenda kwa mpweya kumbuyo kwa ma modules kuli koletsedwa, ma modules akhoza kupeza kwambiri
kutentha (mpaka 15).°C pa 1000W/m2 wa kuwala kwa dzuwa).

Mu PVGIS 5.3 pali zotheka ziwiri: kuyimirira kwaulere, kutanthauza kuti ma module ndi wokwezedwa
pa rack ndi mpweya ukuyenda momasuka kuseri kwa ma modules; ndi kumanga- ophatikizidwa, amene zikutanthauza kuti
ma modules amamangidwa kwathunthu mumpangidwe wa khoma kapena denga la a nyumba, yopanda mpweya
kusuntha kumbuyo kwa ma modules.

Mitundu ina yokwera ili pakati pazigawo ziwirizi, mwachitsanzo ngati ma module ali
amaikidwa padenga lokhala ndi matailosi opindika, omwe amalola mpweya kuyenda kumbuyo ma modules. Momwemo
milandu, ntchito idzakhala kwinakwake pakati pa zotsatira za mawerengedwe awiri omwe ali
zotheka Pano.

Uwu ndiye mbali ya ma module a PV kuchokera pa ndege yopingasa, yokhazikika (yosatsata)
kukwera.

Kwa mapulogalamu ena otsetsereka ndi azimuth ngodya zidzadziwika kale, mwachitsanzo ngati PV
ma modules ayenera kumangidwa padenga lomwe lilipo. Komabe, ngati muli ndi mwayi wosankha ndi
otsetsereka ndi/kapena azimuth, PVGIS 5.3 ikhozanso kukuwerengerani zomwe zili mulingo woyenera kwambiri makhalidwe abwino kwa otsetsereka ndi
azimuth (kutengera ma angles okhazikika kwa chaka chonse).

The azimuth, kapena orientation, ndi ngodya ya zigawo PV wachibale kwa malangizo chifukwa South. -
90° ndi East,0° ndi South ndi 90° ndi West.

Kwa mapulogalamu ena otsetsereka ndi azimuth ngodya zidzadziwika kale, mwachitsanzo ngati PV
ma modules ayenera kumangidwa padenga lomwe lilipo. Komabe, ngati muli ndi mwayi wosankha ndi
otsetsereka ndi/kapena azimuth, PVGIS 5.3 ikhozanso kukuwerengerani zomwe zili mulingo woyenera kwambiri makhalidwe abwino kwa otsetsereka ndi
azimuth (kutengera ma angles okhazikika kwa chaka chonse).

Ngati mudina kuti musankhe izi, PVGIS 5.3 adzawerengera malo otsetsereka a PV ma modules omwe amapereka mphamvu zapamwamba kwambiri kwa chaka chonse. PVGIS 5.3 akhozanso kuwerengera momwe akadakwanitsira azimuth ngati mukufuna. Izi options amaganiza kuti otsetsereka ndi azimuth ngodya khalani okhazikika kwa chaka chonse.

Kwa makina okhazikika a PV olumikizidwa ndi gridi PVGIS 5.3 akhoza kuwerengera mtengo wake magetsi opangidwa ndi PV system. Kuwerengera kumachokera pa a "Zokhazikika Mtengo wa Mphamvu" njira, yofanana ndi njira yowerengetsera ngongole yokhazikika. Mukuyenera ku lowetsani zidziwitso zingapo kuti muwerenge:

Kuwerengera kumaganiza kuti padzakhala mtengo wokhazikika pachaka wokonza PV
dongosolo (monga kusintha kwa zigawo zomwe zimawonongeka), zofanana ndi 3% ya mtengo woyambirira
cha dongosolo.

4.2 Zotsatira zowerengera za gridi ya PV yolumikizidwa kuwerengera dongosolo

Zotsatira za kuwerengetsera zimakhala ndi mphamvu zapachaka za kupanga mphamvu ndi
mu-ndege kuwala kwa dzuwa, komanso ma graph a mwezi uliwonse.

Kuphatikiza pa kutulutsa kwapachaka kwa PV komanso kuyatsa kwapakati, PVGIS 5.3 komanso malipoti
kusiyanasiyana kwa chaka ndi chaka muzotulutsa za PV, monga kupatuka kokhazikika kwa zapachaka zatha
nthawi yokhala ndi ma radiation ya solar mumndandanda wosankhidwa wa ma radiation a solar. Mukhozanso kupeza
mwachidule za zotayika zosiyanasiyana pazotulutsa za PV zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana.

Mukawerengera graph yowoneka ndi kutulutsa kwa PV. Ngati mulole cholozera cha mbewa
yang'anani pamwamba pa graph mutha kuwona mitengo ya pamwezi ngati manambala. Mutha kusintha pakati pa
ma grafu podina mabatani:

Ma graph ali ndi batani lotsitsa pakona yakumanja yakumanja. Komanso, mukhoza kukopera PDF
chikalata ndi zidziwitso zonse zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pazowerengera.

5. Kuwerengera PV system yotsata dzuwa ntchito

5.1 Zolowetsa pakuwerengera kwa PV

Chachiwiri "tabu" za PVGIS 5.3 amalola wosuta kuwerengera za kupanga mphamvu kuchokera
mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma PV otsata dzuwa. Makina a PV otsata dzuwa ali ndi Zithunzi za PV
zoyikidwa pazithandizo zomwe zimasuntha ma module masana kuti ma module ayang'anire njira
wa dzuwa.
Makinawa amaganiziridwa kuti amalumikizidwa ndi gridi, kotero kupanga mphamvu ya PV sikudalira
kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu m'deralo.

6. Kuwerengera kachitidwe ka off-grid PV system

6.1 Zolowetsa zowerengera za PV zakunja

PVGIS 5.3 ikufunika zambiri kuchokera kwa wogwiritsa ntchito kuti awerengere mphamvu ya PV kupanga.

Zolemba izi zikufotokozedwa motere:

Izi ndi mphamvu zomwe wopanga amalengeza kuti gulu la PV likhoza kupanga pansi pa muyezo
zinthu zoyesa, zomwe zimakhala 1000W nthawi zonse za kuwala kwa dzuwa pa mita lalikulu mu ndege za
gulu, pa gulu kutentha kwa 25°C. Mphamvu yapamwamba iyenera kulowetsedwa watt-peak (Wp).
Onani kusiyana kwa mawerengedwe olumikizidwa ndi gridi ndi kutsatira PV komwe mtengowu ndi
amaganiziridwa kuti ndi kWp. Ngati simukudziwa kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa ma module anu koma m'malo mwake
dziwani gawo la ma modules komanso kusinthika komwe kwalengezedwa (mu peresenti), mutha
werengerani mphamvu yapamwamba ngati mphamvu = dera * magwiridwe antchito / 100. Onani kufotokozera zambiri mu FAQ.

Uku ndi kukula, kapena mphamvu, ya batri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mumtambo wa off-grid, imayezamo
maola watt (Wh). Ngati m'malo mwake mukudziwa mphamvu ya batri (titi, 12V) ndi mphamvu ya batri mkati
Ah, mphamvu yamagetsi imatha kuwerengedwa ngati mphamvu = mphamvu yamagetsi * mphamvu.

Mphamvuyo iyenera kukhala yocheperako kuyambira pamalipiridwa mpaka kutulutsidwa kwathunthu, ngakhale itakhala
system imakhazikitsidwa kuti ichotse batire isanatulutsidwe (onani njira yotsatira).

Mabatire, makamaka mabatire a lead-acid, amawonongeka msanga ngati ataloledwa kwathunthu
kutulutsa pafupipafupi. Chifukwa chake kudula kumayikidwa kuti mtengo wa batri usapitirire pansipa a
kuchuluka kwa ndalama zonse. Izi ziyenera kulowa apa. Mtengo wokhazikika ndi 40%
(zogwirizana ndi ukadaulo wa batri wa acid-acid). Kwa mabatire a Li-ion wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kutsitsa
kudulidwa mwachitsanzo 20%. Kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku

Uku ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa zida zonse zamagetsi zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi dongosolo panthawiyi
nthawi ya maola 24. PVGIS 5.3 amaganiza kuti izi zimagawidwa tsiku ndi tsiku momveka bwino
maola atsiku, ofanana ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito kunyumba ndi ambiri a kudya nthawi
madzulo. Gawo la ola limodzi lazomwe zimaganiziridwa ndi PVGIS 5.3 ikuwonetsedwa pansipa ndi deta
fayilo ikupezeka pano.

Ngati mukudziwa kuti mbiri yamagwiritsidwe ndi yosiyana ndi yosasinthika (onani pamwambapa) yomwe muli nayo
mwayi kukweza wanu. Zambiri zamagwiritsidwe ola limodzi mufayilo ya CSV yomwe idakwezedwa
ziyenera kukhala ndi maora 24, iliyonse pamzere wake. Makhalidwe omwe ali mufayilo ayenera kukhala a
gawo la chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku chomwe chimachitika mu ola lililonse, ndi kuchuluka kwa manambala
wofanana ndi 1. Mbiri ya kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka tsiku ndi tsiku iyenera kufotokozedwa munthawi yanthawi yakumaloko, popanda
kuganizira zochepetsera zopulumutsa masana ngati zikugwirizana ndi malowo. Fomuyi ndi yofanana ndi ndi
Fayilo yogwiritsira ntchito yosasinthika.

6.3 Kuwerengera zotsatira za mawerengedwe a off-grid PV

PVGIS kuwerengera mphamvu ya PV ya off-grid poganizira za solar radiation kwa ola lililonse pazaka zingapo. Kuwerengera kumachitika mu njira zotsatirazi:

Zotsatira za chida cha PV cha off-grid zimakhala ndi ziwerengero zapachaka ndi ma graph a mwezi uliwonse.
machitidwe a machitidwe.
Pali ma graph atatu apamwezi osiyanasiyana:

Izi zimafikiridwa ndi mabatani:

Chonde dziwani zotsatirazi pomasulira zotsatira zakunja kwa gridi:

7. Zambiri za mwezi uliwonse za ma radiation a dzuwa

Tsambali limalola wogwiritsa ntchito kuwona ndikutsitsa deta yapakatikati ya mwezi uliwonse yama radiation yadzuwa ndi
kutentha kwa zaka zambiri.

Zosankha zolowetsa mu tabu ya pamwezi ya radiation

Wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kusankha choyamba chaka choyambira ndi chomaliza kuti atulutse. Ndiye pali a
chiwerengero cha zosankha zomwe mungasankhe kuti muwerenge deta

Mtengo uwu ndi kuchuluka kwa mwezi uliwonse kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa yomwe imafika pa sikweya mita imodzi ya a
ndege yopingasa, yoyezedwa mu kWh/m2.

Mtengo uwu ndi kuchuluka kwa mwezi uliwonse kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa yomwe imagunda mita imodzi ya ndege
nthawi zonse kuyang'ana kolowera dzuwa, kuyeza mu kWh/m2, kuphatikiza ma radiation okha
kufika molunjika kuchokera ku disc ya dzuwa.

Mtengo uwu ndi kuchuluka kwa mwezi uliwonse kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa yomwe imagunda mita imodzi ya ndege
moyang'anizana molunjika ku equator, pakona komwe kumapereka chaka chapamwamba kwambiri
kuwala, kuyeza mu kWh/m2.

Mtengo uwu ndi kuchuluka kwa mwezi uliwonse kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa yomwe imagunda mita imodzi ya ndege
kuyang'ana ku equator, pa ngodya yosankhidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito, yopimidwa mkati
kWh/m2.

Gawo lalikulu la cheza chofika pansi sichimachokera mwachindunji ku dzuwa koma
chifukwa cha kubalalika kuchokera mumlengalenga (mtambo wabuluu) mitambo ndi chifunga. Izi zimatchedwa diffuse
radiation.Nambala iyi imapereka gawo la ma radiation onse omwe amafika pansi omwe ali chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa ma radiation.

Kutulutsa kwa radiation pamwezi

Zotsatira za kuwerengera kwa radiation pamwezi zimawonetsedwa ngati ma graph, ngakhale ma
Makhalidwe ojambulidwa amatha kutsitsidwa mu CSV kapena mtundu wa PDF.
Pali ma graph mpaka atatu osiyana zomwe zikuwonetsedwa podina mabatani:

Wogwiritsa atha kupempha njira zingapo zosiyanasiyana zopangira ma solar. Zonsezi zidzakhala kuwonetsedwa mu
graph yomweyi. Wogwiritsa akhoza kubisa zokhotakhota imodzi kapena zingapo pa graph podina pa
nthano.

8. Zambiri za mbiri ya radiation

Chidachi chimalola wogwiritsa ntchito kuwona ndikutsitsa mbiri yamasiku onse a radiation ndi mpweya
kutentha kwa mwezi woperekedwa. Mbiriyi ikuwonetsa momwe ma radiation (kapena kutentha)
kusintha kuchokera ola kupita ola pafupifupi.

Zosankha zolowetsa mu tabu ya mbiri ya radiation yatsiku ndi tsiku

Wogwiritsa ayenera kusankha mwezi woti awonetse. Za mtundu wapaintaneti wa chida ichi imakhalanso
zotheka kutenga miyezi yonse 12 ndi lamulo limodzi.

Zotsatira za kuwerengera mbiri ya tsiku ndi tsiku ndi ma ola 24. Izi zitha kuwonetsedwa
ngati a ntchito ya nthawi mu nthawi ya UTC kapena ngati nthawi yanthawi yakomweko. Zindikirani kuti masana akomweko
kupulumutsa nthawi siikuganiziridwa.

Deta yomwe ingawonetsedwe ili m'magulu atatu:

Zotsatira za tabu ya mbiri ya radiation yatsiku ndi tsiku

Ponena za tabu ya mwezi uliwonse, wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuwona zotuluka ngati ma graph, ngakhale ma
matebulo zamtengo wapatali zitha kutsitsidwa mu CSV, json kapena mtundu wa PDF. Wogwiritsa amasankha
mwa atatu ma grafu podina mabatani oyenera:

9. Ola la dzuwa ndi deta ya PV

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma solar radiation data PVGIS 5.3 imakhala ndi mtengo umodzi pa ola lililonse a
nthawi ya zaka zambiri. Chida ichi chimapatsa wogwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe zili mu solar radiation
database. Kuphatikiza apo, wogwiritsa ntchito amathanso kupempha kuwerengera kwa mphamvu ya PV kwa aliyense
ola pa nthawi yosankhidwa.

9.1 Zosankha zolowetsa mu radiation yaola ndi PV mphamvu tabu

Pali zofananira zingapo pa Kuwerengera kwa magwiridwe antchito amtundu wa PV wolumikizidwa ndi grid
monga chabwino monga zida zotsatirira za PV system. Mu chida cha ola ndi kotheka
kusankha pakati ndege yokhazikika komanso njira imodzi yotsata ndege. Kwa ndege yokhazikika kapena ya
kutsatira njira imodzi ndi otsetsereka ayenera kuperekedwa ndi wosuta kapena wokometsedwa ngodya ayenera
kusankhidwa.

Kupatula mtundu wokwera ndi chidziwitso chokhudza ma angles, wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera sankhani choyamba
ndi chaka chatha kwa data ya ola lililonse.

Mwachisawawa zotulutsa zake zimakhala ndi kuwala kwapadziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, pali ena awiri
zosankha pazotulutsa deta:

Zosankha ziwirizi zitha kusankhidwa palimodzi kapena padera.

9.2 Kutulutsa kwa ma radiation ola limodzi ndi tabu yamagetsi ya PV

Mosiyana ndi zida zina mu PVGIS 5.3, kwa data ya ola pali njira yokhayo kutsitsa
deta mu CSV kapena json format. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa data (mpaka 16 zaka ola
values), zomwe zingapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta komanso nthawi yambiri kuwonetsa deta ngati zithunzi. Mtundu
za fayilo yotulutsa ikufotokozedwa apa.

9.3 Onani pa PVGIS Zizindikiro za data

The irradiance ola mfundo za PVGIS-SARAH1 ndi PVGIS-SARAH2 ma dataset abwezedwa
kuchokera pakuwunika kwa zithunzi kuchokera ku geostationary European ma satelayiti. Ngakhale izi
ma satelayiti amatenga zithunzi zoposa chimodzi pa ola limodzi, tinaganiza zongotero gwiritsani ntchito chithunzi chimodzi pa ola limodzi
ndi kupereka mtengo wanthawi yomweyo. Choncho, mtengo wa irradiance zoperekedwa mu PVGIS 5.3 ndi
instantly irradiance panthawi yomwe ikuwonetsedwa ndi chizindikiro chanthawi. Ndipo ngakhale timapanga
kuganiza kuti mtengo wanthawi yomweyo wowunikira angatero kukhala mtengo wapakati wa ola limenelo, mu
zenizeni ndi kuwala pa miniti yeniyeni.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati ma radiation ali pa HH:10, kuchedwa kwa mphindi 10 kumachokera ku
satellite yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi malo. Chidindo chanthawi m'ma dataset a SARAH ndi nthawi yomwe
satellite “amawona” malo enaake, kotero chizindikiro cha nthawi chidzasintha ndi malo ndi
satellite yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Kwa ma satelayiti a Meteosat Prime (ozungulira Europe ndi Africa mpaka 40deg East), deta
zimachokera ku ma satellites a MSG ndi ma "zoona" nthawi zimasiyana mozungulira Maminitsi 5 patatha ola
Kumwera kwa Africa mpaka mphindi 12 ku Northern Europe. Kwa Meteosat Ma satellites akum'mawa, ndi "zoona"
nthawi imasiyanasiyana kuchokera pafupi mphindi 20 isanafike ola itangotsala pang'ono ola kuti tichoke
Kumwera mpaka Kumpoto. Kwa malo aku America, NSRDB database, yomwe imapezekanso kuchokera ku
mitundu yotengera ma satelayiti, sitampu yanthawi imakhalapo nthawi zonse HH:00.

Kwa deta yochokera ku reanalysis product (ERA5 ndi COSMO), chifukwa cha momwe kuyerekezera kulili
kuwerengeredwa, mtengo wa ola limodzi ndi avareji ya mtengo wowunikira womwe umayerekezedwa pa ola limenelo.
ERA5 imapereka zikhalidwe pa HH:30, zokhazikika pa ola, pomwe COSMO imapereka ola lililonse.
makhalidwe kumayambiriro kwa ola lililonse. Zosintha zina kupatula ma radiation a solar, monga ambient
kutentha kapena liwiro la mphepo, amanenedwanso kuti ndi ola limodzi.

Kwa ola la data pogwiritsa ntchito oen wa PVGIS-SARAH databases, timestamp ndi imodzi cha
data ya irradiance ndi zosintha zina, zomwe zimachokera ku reanalysis, ndizofunika
lolingana ndi ola limenelo.

10. Deta yodziwika bwino ya Meteorological Year (TMY).

Izi zimalola wogwiritsa ntchito kutsitsa deta yomwe ili ndi Chaka Chofanana ndi Meteorological Year
(TMY) ya data. Seti ya data ili ndi data ya ola limodzi yamitundu iyi:

Deta ya data yapangidwa posankha mwezi uliwonse kwambiri "wamba" mwezi kunja cha
nthawi yonse yomwe ilipo mwachitsanzo zaka 16 (2005-2020) za PVGIS-SARAH2. Zosintha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito
kusankha mwezi wamba ndi lonse yopingasa irradiance, mpweya kutentha, ndi chinyezi chachibale.

10.1 Zosankha zolowetsa mu tabu ya TMY

Chida cha TMY chili ndi njira imodzi yokha, yomwe ndi nkhokwe ya dzuwa ndi nthawi yofananira
nthawi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera TMY.

10.2 Zosankha zotuluka mu tabu ya TMY

Ndizotheka kuwonetsa gawo limodzi la TMY ngati graph, posankha gawo loyenera mu
menyu yotsitsa ndikudina "Onani".

Pali mitundu itatu yotulutsa yomwe ilipo: mtundu wa CSV wamba, mtundu wa json ndi EPW
(EnergyPlus Weather) mtundu woyenera pulogalamu ya EnergyPlus yogwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga mphamvu
kuwerengetsa ntchito. Mtundu womalizawu mwaukadaulo ndi CSV koma umadziwika kuti mtundu wa EPW
(fayilo yowonjezera .epw).

Ponena za nthawi zomwe zili mu mafayilo a TMY, chonde dziwani

Zambiri zokhudza linanena bungwe deta mtundu akupezeka pano.