PVGIS 5.3 ZVIMWE ZVEKUSHANDISA

1. Nhanganyaya

Iri peji rinotsanangura mashandisirwo e PVGIS 5.3 web interface kugadzira macalculations e solar
radiation uye photovoltaic (PV) system simba rekugadzira. Tichaedza kuratidza nzira yekushandisa
PVGIS 5.3 mukuita. Iwe unogona zvakare kutarisa iyo nzira kushandiswa kuita masvomhu
kana muchidimbu "kutanga" guide .

Bhuku rino rinotsanangura PVGIS shanduro 5.3

1.1 Chii chinonzi PVGIS

PVGIS 5.3 iwebhu application inobvumira mushandisi kuwana data paradio yezuva uye
photovoltaic (PV) system simba rekugadzira, chero nzvimbo munzvimbo zhinji dzepasi. Zviri
zvakasununguka zvachose kushandisa, pasina zvirambidzo pane izvo mhedzisiro inogona kushandiswa, uye pasina
kunyoresa kunodiwa.

PVGIS 5.3 inogona kushandiswa kuita zviverengero zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuverenga. Bhuku rino richaita tsanangura
mumwe nomumwe wavo. Kushandisa PVGIS 5.3 unofanira kupfuura a matanho mashoma akareruka. Zvakawanda zve
ruzivo rwakapihwa mubhuku rino runogona kuwanikwa zvakare muzvinyorwa zveRubatsiro zve PVGIS 5.3.

1.2 Kupinza uye kubuda mukati PVGIS 5.3

The PVGIS mushandisi interface inoratidzwa pazasi.

Zvizhinji zvezvishandiso mu PVGIS 5.3 zvinoda kumwe kupinza kubva kumushandisi - izvi inobatwa seyakajairika mafomu ewebhu, apo mushandisi anodzvanya pane zvingasarudzwa kana kuisa ruzivo, senge saizi yePV system.

Usati wapinda data yekuverenga mushandisi anofanira kusarudza nzvimbo yenzvimbo
izvo kuita masvomhu.

Izvi zvinoitwa ne:

Nekudzvanya pamepu, pamwe uchishandisawo zoom sarudzo.

Nekuisa kero mu "kero" ndima pazasi mepu.

Nekupinda latitude nelongitudo muminda iri pasi pemepu.
Latitude nelongitudo zvinogona kuiswa mufomati DD:MM:SSA uko DD ari madhigirii,
MM iyo arc-maminitsi, SS arc-seconds uye A iyo hemisphere (N, S, E, W).
Latitude uye longitudo zvinogona zvakare kuiswa semadecimal values, saka semuenzaniso 45°15'N anofanira
pinda se45.25. Latitudes kumaodzanyemba kweequator inoiswa seyakanaka, maodzanyemba ari
positive.
Longitude kumadokero kwe0° meridian inofanira kupiwa seyakaipa, tsika dzekumabvazuva
zviri positive.

PVGIS 5.3 inobvumira iyo mushandisi kuti uwane mhedzisiro mune akati wandei akasiyana nzira:

Senhamba uye magirafu anoratidzwa muwebhu browser.

Ese magirafu anogona zvakare kuchengetwa kufaira.

Seruzivo mune zvinyorwa (CSV) fomati.
Mafomu ekubuda anotsanangurwa zvakasiyana mu "Zvishandiso" chikamu.

Segwaro rePDF, rinowanikwa mushure mekunge mushandisi adzvanya kuratidza zvabuda mu browser.

Kushandisa iyo isiri-interactive PVGIS 5.3 webhu masevhisi (API masevhisi).
Izvi zvinotsanangurwa zvakare mu "Zvishandiso" chikamu.

2. Kushandisa ruzivo rwehorizon

Iko kuverenga kwezuva uye / kana PV kuita mukati PVGIS 5.3 anogona kushandisa ruzivo nezve
nzvimbo yenzvimbo yekufungidzira mhedzisiro yemimvuri kubva kumakomo ari pedyo kana makomo.
Mushandisi ane akati wandei sarudzo dzesarudzo iyi, inoratidzwa kurudyi kwe map mu
PVGIS 5.3 tool.

Mushandisi ane sarudzo nhatu dzeruzivo rwehorizon:

1.

Usashandise ruzivo rwehorizon pakuverenga.
Iyi ndiyo sarudzo kana mushandisi kusasarudza ese ari maviri "yakaverengerwa horizon" uye
"upload horizon file" zvisarudzo.

2.

Shandisa iyo PVGIS 5.3 yakavakirwa-mukati mehorizon ruzivo.
Kuti usarudze izvi, sarudza "Calculated horizon" mu PVGIS 5.3 tool.
Izvi ndizvo default sarudzo.

3.

Isa ruzivo rwako nezve kureba kwehorizon.
Iyo horizon faira ichaiswa kune yedu webhusaiti inofanira kunge iri
faira rakareruka, senge iwe unogona kugadzira uchishandisa mameseji edhita (senge Notepad ye
Windows), kana nekutumira kunze spreadsheet setsika dzakapatsanurwa nemakoma (.csv).
Zita refaira rinofanira kuva neakawedzera '.txt' kana '.csv'.
Mufaira panofanirwa kuve nenhamba imwe pamutsara, nenhamba yega yega inomiririra iyo horizon
kureba mumadhigirii mune imwe nzira yekambasi yakatenderedza nzvimbo yekufarira.
Hurefu hwehorizon mufaira hunofanirwa kupihwa nenzira yewachi kutangira pa Mawodzanyemba;
ndiko kuti, kubva Kuchamhembe, kuenda kuMabvazuva, Kumaodzanyemba, Kumadokero, uye kudzokera Kuchamhembe.
Makoshero anofungidzirwa kuti anomiririra yakaenzana angular chinhambwe chakapoteredza mheziro.
Semuenzaniso, kana uine 36 tsika mufaira,PVGIS 5.3 anofungidzira kuti the poindi yekutanga yakafanira
kuchamhembe, inotevera madhigirii gumi kumabvazuva kwekuchamhembe, zvichingodaro, kusvika padanho rekupedzisira, 10 madhigirii kumadokero
yekuchamhembe.
Muenzaniso faira inogona kuwanikwa pano. Muchiitiko ichi, pane nhamba gumi nembiri chete mufaira,
zvinoenderana nekureba kwehorizon kwemadhigirii makumi matatu ega ega kutenderedza.

Zvizhinji zve PVGIS 5.3 maturusi (kunze kweawa neawaranzi yenguva yakatevedzana) ichaita kuratidza a graph ye
horizon pamwe chete nemhedzisiro yekuverenga. Girafu inoratidzwa se polar kuronga pamwe ne
kureba kwehorizon mudenderedzwa. Mufananidzo unotevera unoratidza muenzaniso wehorizon plot. A fisheye
foto yekamera yenzvimbo imwechete inoratidzwa kuti ienzaniswe.

3. Kusarudza mwaranzi yezuva database

Iyo solar radiation dhatabhesi (DBs) inowanikwa mukati PVGIS 5.3 vari:

Yese dhatabhesi inopa awa yega solar radiation fungidziro.

Zvizhinji zve Solar Power Estimation data inoshandiswa ne PVGIS 5.3 akaverengerwa kubva kumifananidzo yesatellite. Kune akati wandei nzira dzakasiyana dzekuita izvi, zvichibva pakuti masatellite anoshandiswa sei.

Sarudzo dzinowanikwa mukati PVGIS 5.3 pa zviripo ndezvi:

PVGIS-SARAH2 Iyi data seti yave yakaverengerwa neCM SAF kusvika kutsiva SARA-1.
Iyi data inofukidza Europe, Africa, mazhinji eAsia, uye zvikamu zveSouth America.

PVGIS-NSRDB Iyi data seti yave zvakapihwa neNational Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) uye chikamu che National Solar Radiation Database.

PVGIS-SARAH Iyi data seti yaive yakaverengerwa neCM SAF uye PVGIS team.
Iyi data ine chivharo chakafanana pane PVGIS-SARAH2.

Dzimwe nzvimbo hadzina kuvharwa nesetiraiti data, izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kune yakakwirira-latitude
nzvimbo. Saka isu takaunza imwezve solar radiation dhatabhesi yeEurope, iyo
inosanganisira latitude yekuchamhembe:

PVGIS-ERA5 Uku kuongororazve chigadzirwa kubva kuECMWF.
Coverage iri pasi rese panguva yeawa yekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa kwenzvimbo 0.28°lat/lon.

Mamwe ruzivo nezve iyo reanalysis-based solar radiation data ndizvo iripo.
Kune yega yega sarudzo yekuverenga muwebhu interface, PVGIS 5.3 acharatidza mushandisi nesarudzo yedatabase inovhara nzvimbo yakasarudzwa nemushandisi. Mufananidzo uri pazasi unoratidza nzvimbo dzakafukidzwa neimwe yeayo solar radiation dhatabhesi.

Aya dhatabhesi ndiwo anoshandiswa nekusarudzika kana raddatabase parameter isina kupihwa
mune zvisiri zvekudyidzana zvishandiso. Aya ndiwo zvakare dhatabhesi anoshandiswa muTMY chishandiso.

4. Kuverenga grid-yakabatana PV system performance

Photovoltaic systems shandura simba re chiedza chezuva musimba remagetsi. Kunyangwe PV modules ichigadzira yakananga ikozvino (DC) magetsi, kazhinji ma modules akabatanidzwa kune Inverter inoshandura iyo DC magetsi kuita AC, iyo inogona kushandiswa munharaunda kana kutumirwa kune grid yemagetsi. Iyi mhando ye PV system inonzi grid-yakabatana PV. The kuverenga kwekugadzirwa kwesimba kunotora kuti simba rose risingashandiswi munharaunda rinogona kuva kutumirwa kune grid.

4.1 Zvinopinza zvePV system kuverenga

PVGIS inoda rumwe ruzivo kubva kumushandisi kuita kuverenga kwePV simba production. Izvi zvinyorwa zvinotsanangurwa mune zvinotevera:

PV Technology

Kuita kwePV modules kunoenderana nekupisa uye pane solar irradiance, asi
kunyatsotsamira kunosiyana pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzePV modules. Iye zvino tinogona
fungidzira kurasikirwa nekuda kwe tembiricha uye irradiance zvinokonzerwa nemhando dzinotevera dze
modules: crystalline silicon masero; akaonda firimu modules akagadzirwa kubva kuCIS kana CIGS uye nhete firimu
ma module akagadzirwa kubva kuCadmium Telluride (CdTe).

Kune mamwe matekinoroji (kunyanya akasiyana amorphous tekinoroji), kururamisa uku hakugone kuve
zvakaverengerwa pano. Kana ukasarudza imwe yesarudzo nhatu dzekutanga pano kuverenga kwe performance
ichafunga nezvekudziya kwekushisa kwekuita kwevakasarudzwa
teknolojia. Kana ukasarudza imwe sarudzo (imwe / isingazivikanwe), kuverenga kuchatora kurasikirwa ye
8% yesimba nekuda kwekupisa mhedzisiro (generic value iyo yakaona ine musoro kune
mamiriro okunze anodziya).

PV simba rinobuda zvakare rinoenderana nehuwandu hwemwaranzi yezuva. PVGIS 5.3 anogona kuverenga
kuti kusiyanisa kwechiedza chezuva kunokanganisa sei kugadzirwa kwesimba rose kubva kuPV
system. Parizvino kuverenga uku kunogona kuitirwa crystalline silicon uye CdTe modules.
Ziva kuti kuverenga uku hakusati kwave kuwanikwa kana uchishandisa NSRDB solar radiation database.

Yakaiswa peak simba

Iri isimba iro mugadziri anozivisa kuti iyo PV array inogona kugadzira pasi pechiyero
bvunzo mamiriro (STC), ayo anogara ari 1000W yezuva irradiation pa square mita mu
ndege yemhando, pane tembiricha ye25°C. Simba repamusoro rinofanira kuiswa mukati
kilowatt-peak (kWp). Kana iwe usingazive iyo yakaziviswa peak simba remamodule ako asi panzvimbo
ziva iyo nharaunda yemamodule uye yakaziviswa shanduko inoshanda (mumuzana), unogona
kuverenga simba repamusoro sesimba = nzvimbo * kunyatsoshanda / 100. Ona mamwe tsanangudzo mu FAQ.

Bifacial modules: PVGIS 5.3 hazviite't ita masvomhu chaiwo eBifacial modules panguva ino.
Vashandisi vanoshuvira kuongorora zvingangobatsira zveiyi tekinoroji vanogona input kukosha kwesimba kwe
Bifacial Nameplate Irradiance. Izvi zvinogona zvakare kuve zvinogona zvakare kufungidzirwa kubva nechekumberi peak
simba P_STC kukosha uye bifaciality factor, φ (kana yakataurwa mu module data sheet) se: P_BNPI
= P_STC * (1 + φ * 0.135). NB iyi bifacial approach haisi yakakodzera BAPV kana BIPV
kumisikidzwa kana kuti mamodule anokwira pane NS axis kureva yakatarisana EW.

Kurasikirwa kwehurongwa

Iko kufungidzirwa kurasikirwa kwehurongwa ndiko kurasikirwa kwese muhurongwa, izvo zvinokonzeresa simba chaizvo
inounzwa kune grid yemagetsi kuti ive yakaderera pane simba rinogadzirwa nePV modules. Ikoko
kune akati wandei zvikonzero zvekurasikirwa uku, sekurasikirwa mumatambo, magetsi inverters, tsvina (dzimwe nguva
chando) pamamodule uye zvichingodaro. Kwemakore mamodules zvakare anowanzo rasikirwa neawo zvishoma
simba, saka avhareji yegore rinobuda pamusoro pehupenyu hwesisitimu ichave yakaderera muzana muzana
kupfuura zvakabuda mumakore ekutanga.

Isu takapa iyo default kukosha kwe14% yekurasikirwa kwese. Kana uine pfungwa yakanaka kuti wako
kukosha kuchave kwakasiyana (zvichida nekuda kweiyo yakanyanya-inoshanda inverter) unogona kuderedza izvi value
zvishoma.

Mounting chinzvimbo

Kune yakagadziriswa (isina-yekutevera) masisitimu, nzira iyo mamodule akaiswa anozoita pesvedzero pa
kutonhora kweiyo module, iyo inokanganisa kushanda kwayo. Maedzo aratidza
kuti kana kufamba kwemhepo kuseri kwema modules kuchirambidzwa, ma modules anogona kuwana zvakanyanya
inopisa (kusvika ku15°C pa1000W/m2 yechiedza chezuva).

In PVGIS 5.3 pane zvingangoitika zviviri: kusununguka-kumira, zvichireva kuti ma modules ari mounted
pane rack nemhepo inoyerera zvakasununguka kuseri kwema modules; uye chivakwa- chakabatanidzwa, icho zvinoreva kuti
ma modules akavakirwa zvachose muchimiro chemadziro kana denga re chivakwa, chisina mweya
kufamba kuseri kwema modules.

Mamwe marudzi ekukwira ari pakati pezviviri izvi zvakanyanyisa, semuenzaniso kana ma modules ari
akaiswa pamusoro pedenga rine mataira edenga akakombama, achibvumira mhepo kufamba shure iyo modules. Mune vakadaro
zviitiko, kuita kuchave kumwe pakati pemibairo yezviverengero zviviri zviri
zvinogoneka here.

Iyi ndiyo kona yePV modules kubva kune yakachinjika ndege, kune yakagadziriswa (isina-kutevera)
mounting.

Kune mamwe maapplication, materu uye azimuth angles anenge atozivikanwa, semuenzaniso kana iyo PV
ma modules anofanira kuvakwa mukati medenga riripo. Nekudaro, kana iwe uine mukana wekusarudza the
materu uye/kana azimuth, PVGIS 5.3 inogona zvakare kuverengera iwe yakakwana values kumateru uye
azimuth (kutora ma angles akagadziriswa kwegore rose).

Kuderera kwePV
modules

Azimuth
(kutenderera) kwePV
modules

Iyo azimuth, kana kutaridzika, ndiyo kona yePV modules ine hukama negwara rakakodzera Maodzanyemba. -
90° iri East, 0° iri South uye 90° ari West.

Kune mamwe maapplication, materu uye azimuth angles anenge atozivikanwa, semuenzaniso kana iyo PV
ma modules anofanira kuvakwa mukati medenga riripo. Nekudaro, kana iwe uine mukana wekusarudza the
materu uye/kana azimuth, PVGIS 5.3 inogona zvakare kuverengera iwe yakakwana values kumateru uye
azimuth (kutora ma angles akagadziriswa kwegore rose).

Optimizing
mutsetse (uye
pamwe azimuth)

Kana ukadzvanya kuti usarudze sarudzo iyi, PVGIS 5.3 ichaverenga kutsetseka kwePV modules inopa yakanyanya simba kubuda kwegore rose. PVGIS 5.3 anogona zvakare verenga iyo optimum azimuth kana uchida. Idzi sarudzo dzinofungidzira kuti kutsetseka uye azimuth angles gara wakagadzikana kwegore rose.

Kune yakagadziriswa-inokwira PV masisitimu akabatana kune grid PVGIS 5.3 anogona kuverenga mutengo yemagetsi anogadzirwa nePV system. Kuverenga kunobva pane a "Levelized Mutengo Wesimba" nzira, yakafanana nenzira iyo yakagadziriswa-mwero wemortgage inoverengerwa. Unofanira kudaro isa zvishoma zvimedu zveruzivo kuita kuverenga:

PV magetsi
mutengo calculation

• Mari yese yekutenga nekuisa iyo PV system, mumari yako. Kana wapinda 5kWp as
saizi yehurongwa, mutengo unofanirwa kunge uri wehurongwa hwehukuru ihwohwo.

• Chiyero chekufarira, mu % pagore, izvi zvinofungidzirwa kuva zvinogara mukati mehupenyu hwese the
PV system.

• Hupenyu hunotarisirwa hwePV system, mumakore.

Iko kuverenga kunotora kuti pachava nemutengo wakagadziriswa pagore wekuchengetedza PV
system (zvakadai sekutsiviwa kwezvikamu zvinoputsika), zvakaenzana ne3% yemutengo wekutanga
ye system.

4.2 Kuverengera zvinobuda zvePV grid-yakabatana system calculation

Izvo zvinokonzerwa nekuverenga zvinosanganisira gore negore zviyero zvekugadzirwa kwesimba uye
mundege solar irradiation, pamwe chete nemagirafu emitengo yemwedzi.

Pamusoro peavhareji yegore negore PV kubuda uye avhareji irradiation, PVGIS 5.3 inoshumawo
kusiyanisa kwegore negore muPV yakabuda, seyakajairika kutsauka kwe hunhu hwegore negore pamusoro
iyo nguva ine solar radiation data mune yakasarudzwa solar radiation dhatabhesi. Iwe unowana zvakare
Kutarisisa kwekurasikirwa kwakasiyana mukubuda kwePV kunokonzerwa neakasiyana mhedzisiro.

Paunenge uchiita kuverenga iyo inoonekwa girafu ndiyo PV inobuda. Kana iwe ukarega iyo mouse pointer
hover pamusoro pegirafu iwe unogona kuona mutengo wepamwedzi senhamba. Unogona kushandura pakati pe
magirafu nekudzvanya pamabhatani:

Magirafu ane bhatani rekudhawunirodha mukona yekurudyi. Mukuwedzera, iwe unogona kudhawunirodha PDF
gwaro rine ruzivo rwese runoratidzwa muhuwandu hwekuverenga.

5. Kuverengera zuva-kutevera PV system performance

5.1 Zvinopinza zvekutevera PV kuverenga

Yechipiri "tab" ye PVGIS 5.3 inobvumira mushandisi kuita macalculations e kugadzirwa kwesimba kubva
marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekutevera-zuva PV masisitimu. Zuva-kutevera PV masisitimu ane iyo PV modules
yakaiswa pazvitsigiro zvinofambisa ma modules mukati mezuva kuitira kuti ma modules atarise mukati gwara
chezuva.
Iwo masisitimu anofungidzirwa kuve grid-yakabatana, saka iyo PV simba rekugadzira rakazvimiririra
kushandiswa kwesimba munharaunda.

6. Kuverengera off-grid PV system performance

6.1 Zvinopinza zveiyo off-grid PV kuverenga

PVGIS 5.3 inoda rumwe ruzivo kubva kumushandisi kuita kuverenga kwePV simba production.

Izvi zvinyorwa zvinotsanangurwa mune zvinotevera:

Yakaiswa
peak simba

Iri isimba iro mugadziri anozivisa kuti iyo PV array inogona kugadzira pasi pechiyero
bvunzo mamiriro, ayo anogara ari 1000W yezuva irradiation pa square mita mundege. ye
dhizaini, pane tembiricha ye25°C. Simba repamusoro rinofanira kuiswa mukati watt-peak (Wp).
Ziva mutsauko kubva kune grid-yakabatana uye yekutevera maPV maverengero pane kukosha uku ndizvo
inofungidzirwa kuti iri mu kWp. Kana iwe usingazive iyo yakaziviswa peak simba remamodule ako asi panzvimbo
ziva nharaunda yemamodule uye yakaziviswa shanduko inoshanda (mumuzana), unogona
verenga simba repamusoro sesimba = nzvimbo * kunyatsoshanda / 100. Ona imwe tsananguro mu FAQ.

Bhatiri
kukwanisa

Uhwu ndihwo saizi, kana simba rebhatiri rinoshandiswa muoff-grid system, yakayerwa mukati
watt-maawa (Wh). Kana pachinzvimbo iwe uchiziva bhatiri voltage (taura, 12V) uye huwandu hwebhatiri mukati
Ah, simba resimba rinogona kuverengerwa se energycapacity =voltage * kugona.

Kugona kunofanirwa kunge kuri kwezita kubva pakuchajiwa kusvika pakuburitswa zvizere, kunyangwe kana iyo
system inogadziriswa kuti ibvise bhatiri risati rabuda zvizere (ona sarudzo inotevera).

Discharge
cut-off limit

Mabhatiri, kunyanya mabhatiri e-lead-acid, anoshatisa nekukurumidza kana akabvumidzwa zvachose
kuburitsa kakawanda. Naizvozvo kucheka-kubvisa kunoshandiswa kuitira kuti bhatiri ichaja isaende pazasi a
imwe muzana yechaji yakazara. Izvi zvinofanira kuiswa pano. Iko kukosha kweiyo 40%
(inoenderana nelead-acid bhatiri tekinoroji). Kune mabhatiri eLi-ion mushandisi anogona kuseta yakaderera
kucheka-kubvisa eg 20%. Kushandiswa pazuva

Kushandiswa
pa zuva

Uku ndiko kushandiswa kwesimba kwemidziyo yese yemagetsi yakabatana nehurongwa panguva
nguva yeawa 24. PVGIS 5.3 inofungidzira kuti kushandiswa kwezuva nezuva uku kunogoverwa pachena pamusoro
maawa ezuva, anoenderana neyakajairwa kushandiswa kwemba neakawanda e kushandiswa panguva
manheru. Chikamu cheawa chekushandisa chinofungidzirwa ne PVGIS 5.3 inoratidzwa pasi apa uye data
faira iripo pano.

Upload
kushandiswa
data

Kana iwe uchiziva kuti chimiro chekushandisa chakasiyana kubva kune chakasarudzika (ona pamusoro) chaunacho
sarudzo yekuisa yako. Ruzivo rwekushandisa kweawa mune yakarodha CSV faira
inofanira kuva neawa makumi maviri nemana, imwe neimwe pamutsetse wayo. Iko kukosha mufaira kunofanirwa kunge kuri
chidimbu chekushandiswa kwemazuva ese kunoitika muawa yega yega, pamwe nehuwandu hwehuwandu
yakaenzana ne 1. Chimiro chemazuva ese chekushandisa chinofanirwa kutsanangurwa kune yakajairwa nguva yenzvimbo, pasina
kutariswa kwemasikati ekuchengetedza maoffset kana akakodzera kunzvimbo. Chimiro chakafanana ne the
default kushandiswa faira.

6.3 Kuverenga zvinobuda zveiyo off-grid PV kuverenga

PVGIS inoverengera iyo off-grid PV simba rekugadzira uchifunga nezve solar mwaranzi yeawa imwe neimwe kwenhambo yemakore akati kuti. Iko kuverenga kunoitwa mu nhanho dzinotevera:

Kweawa yega yega verenga mwenje wezuva paPV module (s) uye inoenderana PV
simba

Kana simba rePV rakakura kudarika simba rekushandisa kweawa iyoyo, chengeta mamwe
ye simba mubhatiri.

Kana bhatiri razara, verenga simba racho "wasted" kureva simba rePV raigona kuva
hazvina kudyiwa kana kuchengetwa.

Kana bhatiri rikava risina chinhu, verenga simba risipo uye wedzera zuva pakuverenga
ye mazuva ayo system yakapera simba.

Izvo zvinobuda zveiyo off-grid PV chishandiso zvinosanganisira zvepagore manhamba kukosha uye magirafu epamwedzi.
system performance values.
Pane magirafu matatu epamwedzi akasiyana:

Mwedzi wega wega wekubuda kwesimba rezuva nezuva pamwe neavhareji yezuva nezuva yesimba kwete
akabatwa nekuti bhatiri rakange razara

Nhamba dzeMwedzi dzekuti bhatiri rave razara kana kushaya kangani mukati mezuva.

Histogram yehuwandu hwekuchaja bhatiri

Aya anowanikwa kuburikidza nemabhatani:

Ndokumbira utarise zvinotevera pakuturikira zvabuda kunze kwegrid:

i) PVGIS 5.3 anoita maawa ese ekuverenga by awa kwenguva yakakwana dzakatevedzana solar
radiation data inoshandiswa. Somuenzaniso, kana ukashandisa PVGIS-SARAH2 iwe uchange uchishanda ne15
makore data. Sezvatsanangurwa pamusoro, iyo PV inobuda ndeye zvinofungidzirwa.kweawa imwe neimwe kubva ku
yakagamuchira mu-ndege irradiance. Simba iri rinoenda zvakananga ku mutoro uye kana paine
yakawandisa, iyi yakawedzera simba inoenda kunochaja iyo bhatiri.

Kana iyo PV yakabuda yeawa iyoyo yakadzikira pane yekushandisa, iro simba risipo richaita
kuva yakatorwa mubhatiri.

Nguva dzese (awa) iyo mamiriro ekuchaja kwebhatiri anosvika 100%, PVGIS 5.3 inowedzera zuva rimwe pakuverenga kwemazuva apo bhatiri rinozara. Izvi zvinobva zvashandiswa estimate
iyo % yemazuva apo bhatiri rinozara.

PVGIS 5.3 inowedzera zuva rimwe pakuverenga kwemazuva apo bhatiri rinenge risina chinhu.

ii) Pamusoro peavhareji kukosha kwesimba risina kubatwa nokuti yebhatiri rakazara kana ye
avhareji simba rinoshaikwa, zvakakosha kuti utarise maitiro emwedzi eEd uye E_lost_d as
ivo vanozivisa nezve iyo PV-bhatiri system iri kushanda.

Avhareji yekugadzirwa kwesimba pazuva (Ed): simba rinogadzirwa nePV system inoenda kune
mutoro, kwete zvakananga. Inogona kunge yakachengetwa mubhatiri uye yakazoshandiswa ne
load. Kana iyo PV system yakakura kwazvo, iyo yakanyanya kukosha kukosha kwemutoro wekushandisa.

Avhareji yesimba risina kubatwa pazuva (E_lost_d): simba rinogadzirwa nePV system iri
kurasika nekuti mutoro wacho wakaderera pane kugadzirwa kwePV. Simba iri harigoni kuchengetwa mu
bhatiri, kana rakachengetwa harigone kushandiswa nemitoro sezvo yatovharwa.

Huwandu hwemhando mbiri idzi dzakafanana kunyangwe mamwe maparameter akachinja. Ndizvo chete
zvinoenderana paPV simba yakaiswa. Semuenzaniso, kana mutoro waizova 0, iyo yakazara PV
production icharatidzwa se "simba risina kubatwa". Kunyangwe simba rebhatiri richichinja,
uye mamwe mabhii akagadziriswa, huwandu hweaya maparameter maviri haachinji.

iii) Mamwe maparameter

Mazana mazuva ane bhatiri rakazara: iyo PV simba risingapedzwe nemutoro rinoenda kune
bhatiri, uye inogona kuzara

Mazana emazuva ane bhatiri risina chinhu: mazuva apo bhatiri rinopera risina chinhu
(kureva kuti discharge limit), sezvo PV system yakabudisa simba shoma pane mutoro

"Avhareji yesimba haina kubatwa nekuda kwebhatiri rakazara" inoratidza kuti yakawanda sei PV simba kurasika
nokuti mutoro wakavharwa uye bhatiri rakazara. Ndiro reshiyo yesimba rose akarasika pamusoro pe
nguva yakakwana (E_lost_d) yakakamurwa nenhamba yemazuva iyo bhatiri rinowana zvizere
mhosva.

"Avhareji yesimba inoshaikwa" isimba rinoshaikwa, mupfungwa yokuti mutoro wacho haikwanise
kusangana kubva kuPV kana bhatiri. Ndiyo chiyero chesimba rinoshaikwa
(Kushandisa-Ed) kwemazuva ese munhevedzano yenguva yakakamurwa nenhamba yemazuva ebhatiri
inowana isina kureva kuti inosvika painogumira yekuburitsa.

iv) Kana saizi yebhatiri yakawedzera uye mamwe ese system anosara zvakafanana, the pakati
simba rakarasika richadzikira sezvo bhatiri richikwanisa kuchengeta simba rakawanda rinogona kushandiswa nokuti the
inotakura gare gare. Uyewo chiyero chesimba chisipo chinoderera. Zvisinei, pachava nea point
apo tsika idzi dzinotanga kukwira. Sezvo saizi yebhatiri inowedzera, saka yakawanda PV simba anogona
kuchengetwa uye kushandiswa kumitoro asi pachava nemazuva mashoma apo bhatiri rinowana zvizere
kuchaja, kuwedzera kukosha kwereshiyo “avhareji simba risina kubatwa”. Saizvozvowo, ipapo
ichave, muhuwandu, simba shoma risipo, sezvo akawanda anogona kuchengetwa, asi ikoko ichava nhamba shoma
yemazuva apo bhatiri rinenge risina chinhu, saka avhareji simba rinoshaikwa inowedzera.

v) Kuti unyatsoziva kuti ingani simba rinopihwa ne PV bhatiri system kune iyo
mitoro, munhu anogona kushandisa avhareji yemwedzi Ed values. Wedzera imwe neimwe nenhamba ye
mazuva mu mwedzi uye nhamba yemakore (rangarira kufunga makore ekusvetuka!). Zvose
zvinoratidza sei simba rakawanda rinoenda kumutoro (zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga kuburikidza nebhatiri). Zvimwe chete
process anogona kushandiswa kuverenga kuti ingani simba risipo, tichirangarira kuti
pakati simba kwete kubatwa nekushaikwa kunoverengerwa tichitarisa huwandu hwemazuva
bhatiri rinowana zvizere kubhadhariswa kana kusava nechinhu zvakateerana, kwete huwandu hwemazuva ese.

vi) Nepo kune grid yakabatana sisitimu isu tinopa yakasarudzika value yekurasikirwa kwehurongwa
ye14%, isu hatina’t inopa iyo shanduko seyekuisa kune vashandisi kugadzirisa iyo estimations
ye off-grid system. Muchiitiko ichi, tinoshandisa kukosha chiyero chekushanda kwe the yakazara
off-grid system ye0.67. Iyi inogona kunge iri fungidziro inochengetedza, asi inotarisirwa ku sanganisira
kurasikirwa kubva mukushanda kwebhatiri, iyo inverter uye kuderedzwa kweiyo zvakasiyana
system components

7. Mwedzi avhareji yezuva nemwaranzi data

Iyi tebhu inobvumira mushandisi kuona uye kudhawunirodha avhareji yemwedzi nemwedzi data yezuva nemwaranzi
tembiricha pamusoro pemakore akawanda.

Sarudzo dzekuisa mumwedzi nemwedzi tebhu yemwaranzi

Mushandisi anofanira kutanga asarudza gore rekutanga uye rekupedzisira kune zvinobuda. Zvadaro pane a
nhamba yezvisarudzo zvekusarudza kuti ndeipi data yekuverenga

Global horizontal
irradiation

Hukoshi uhwu imari yemwedzi nemwedzi yesimba remwaranzi yezuva rinosvika sikweya mita imwe chete yea
ndege yakatwasuka, yakayerwa mu kWh/m2.

Direct normal
irradiation

Hukoshi uhwu imari yemwedzi nemwedzi yesimba remwaranzi yezuva rinorova sikweya mita imwe chete yendege
nguva dzose yakatarisa kuzuva, inoyerwa mu kWh/m2, kusanganisira mwaranzi chete
achisvika kubva kudhisiki rezuva.

Global
irradiation, yakakwana
angle

Hukoshi uhwu imari yemwedzi nemwedzi yesimba remwaranzi yezuva rinorova sikweya mita imwe chete yendege
yakatarisana negwara reequator, pakona yekurerekera inopa yepamusoro-soro pagore
irradiation, yakayerwa mu kWh/m2.

Global
irradiation,
kona yakasarudzwa

Hukoshi uhwu imari yemwedzi nemwedzi yesimba remwaranzi yezuva rinorova sikweya mita imwe chete yendege
yakatarisa kudivi reequator, pakona yekurerekera inosarudzwa nemushandisi, inopimwa mukati
kWh/m2.

Ratio ye diffuse
kunyika
mwaranzi

Chikamu chikuru chemwaranzi inosvika pasi haibvi zvakananga kubva kuzuva asi
semugumisiro wekupararira kubva kumhepo (denga rebhuruu) makore nemhute. Izvi zvinozivikanwa se diffuse
mwaranzi.Nhamba iyi inopa chikamu chemwaranzi yose inosvika pasi chinova nekuda kwekupararira kwemwaranzi.

Mwedzi nemwedzi kubuda kwemwaranzi

Mhedzisiro yemwedzi nemwedzi kuverenga kwemwaranzi inoratidzwa chete semagirafu, kunyangwe iyo
ma tabulated values anogona kutorwa muCSV kana PDF fomati.
Kune anosvika matatu akasiyana magirafu ayo anoratidzwa nekudzvanya pamabhatani:

Mushandisi anogona kukumbira akati wandei akasiyana solar radiation sarudzo. Zvose izvi zvichava inoratidzwa mu
girafu imwe chete. Mushandisi anogona kuviga rimwe kana anopfuura macurves mugirafu nekudzvanya pane
legends.

8. Daily radiation profile data

Ichi chishandiso chinoita kuti mushandisi aone uye kurodha avhareji yemazuva ese mbiri yezuva nemhepo
tembiricha yemwedzi wakapihwa. Iyo mbiri inoratidza kuti solar radiation (kana tembiricha)
kuchinja kubva paawa kuenda paawa paavhareji.

Sarudzo dzekuisa mune yemazuva ese radiation profil tab

Mushandisi anofanira kusarudza mwedzi kuti aratidze. Yeshanduro yewebhu sevhisi yechishandiso ichi ndizvo zvakare
zvinokwanisika kuwana ese 12 mwedzi nemurairo mumwe.

Iko kubuda kweiyo zuva nezuva kuverenga ndeye 24 hora yeawa. Izvi zvinogona kuratidzwa
se a basa renguva muUTC nguva kana senguva munzvimbo yenguva yenzvimbo. Cherechedza kuti masikati emunharaunda
kuchengetedza nguva haina kuverengerwa.

Iyo data inogona kuratidzwa inowira mumapoka matatu:

Irradiance pane yakatarwa ndege Neiyi sarudzo iwe unowana yepasirese, yakananga, uye inopararira
irradiance profiles yemwaranzi yezuva pane yakamiswa ndege, ine materu uye azimuth yakasarudzwa
nemushandisi. Nechisarudzo iwe unogona zvakare kuona iyo mbiri yeiyo clear-sky irradiance
(a theoretical value nokuti kupenya mukusavapo kwemakore).

Irradiance pane ndege yekutevera zuva Nesarudzo iyi unowana yepasirese, yakananga, uye
diffuse irradiance profiles yemwaranzi yezuva pane imwe ndege inogara yakatarisana mu
direction ye zuva (yakaenzana neaviri-axis sarudzo mukutevera
PV kuverenga). Optionally unogona ona zvakare chimiro chechiedza-chadenga irradiance
(a theoretical value for the irradiance in kusavapo kwemakore).

Tembiricha Iyi sarudzo inokupa avhareji yemwedzi wega wega tembiricha yemhepo
kweawa imwe neimwe masikati.

Kubuda kweiyo zuva nezuva radiation profil tab

Kana iri yemwedzi nemwedzi tebhu, mushandisi anogona kungoona zvinobuda semagirafu, kunyangwe iyo
matafura yezvakakosha inogona kutorwa muCSV, json kana PDF fomati. Mushandisi anosarudza
pakati pevatatu magirafu nekudzvanya pamabhatani akakodzera:

9. Hourly solar radiation uye PV data

Iyo solar radiation data inoshandiswa ne PVGIS 5.3 ine kukosha kumwe kweawa imwe neimwe pamusoro a
nguva yemakore akawanda. Ichi chishandiso chinopa mushandisi mukana kune zvizere zviri mukati mezuva mwaranzi
database. Uye zvakare, mushandisi anogona zvakare kukumbira kuverenga kwePV simba kubuda kune yega yega
awa panguva yakasarudzwa.

9.1 Sarudzo dzekuisa mune yeawa nemwaranzi uye PV simba tab

Pane akati wandei akafanana kune Kuverengera kwegridi-yakabatana PV system performance
as zvakanaka seyekuteedzera PV system kuita maturusi. Muchishandiso cheawa chinogoneka
sarudza pakati ndege yakatarwa uye imwe yekutevera ndege system. Kune yakagadziriswa ndege kana iyo
single-axis tracking the kutenuka kunofanirwa kupihwa nemushandisi kana iyo yakakwenenzverwa yekuteremuka kona inofanira
kusarudzwa.

Kunze kwemhando yekukwira uye ruzivo nezve ma angles, mushandisi anofanira sarudza yekutanga
uye gore rapfuura kune data reawa.

Nekusagadzika chinobuda chine yepasi rose mu-ndege irradiance. Zvisinei, pane mamwe maviri
sarudzo dzekubuda kwedata:

PV simba Neiyi sarudzo, zvakare simba rePV system ine yakasarudzwa mhando yekutevera
zvichaverengwa. Mune ino kesi, ruzivo nezve PV system inofanirwa kupihwa, sezvakangoita nokuti
iyo grid-yakabatana PV kuverenga

Radiation components Kana iyi sarudzo yakasarudzwa, zvakare yakananga, inopararira uye pasi-yakaratidza
zvikamu zvemwaranzi yezuva zvichabuda.

Izvi zviviri zvingasarudzwa zvinogona kusarudzwa pamwechete kana zvakasiyana.

9.2 Kuburitsa kweawa nemwaranzi uye PV simba tebhu

Kusiyana nemamwe maturusi ari mukati PVGIS 5.3, kune data yeawa pane chete sarudzo ye kudhanilodha
iyo data muCSV kana json fomati. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwe data (kusvika ku16 makore eawa
values), izvo zvingaita kuti zviome uye zvitore nguva kuratidza data se magirafu. The format
yefaira rekubuda rinotsanangurwa pano.

9.3 Cherechedza pa PVGIS Data Timestamps

The irradiance paawa kukosha kwe PVGIS-SARAH1 uye PVGIS-SARAH2 datasets dzakatorwa
kubva pakuongororwa kwemifananidzo kubva kuEuropean geostationary satelliti. Kunyange zvakadaro, izvi
masatellite anotora anopfuura mufananidzo mumwe paawa, isu takasarudza chete shandisa imwe pamufananidzo paawa
uye ipa ipapo kukosha ikoko. Saka, kukosha kwe irradiance akapa mu PVGIS 5.3 ndiye
instantly irradiance panguva yakaratidzwa mu the timestamp. Uye kunyange isu tichigadzira
fungidziro yekuti iyo instantly irradiance value dai iva avhareji kukosha kweawa iyoyo, mukati
chokwadi ndechokuti irradiance panguva iyoyo chaiyo.

Semuenzaniso, kana iyo irradiance values iri paHH:10, kunonoka kwemaminetsi gumi kunobva
satellite inoshandiswa uye nzvimbo. Iyo timestamp muSARAH dataset inguva yekuti
satellite “anoona” imwe nzvimbo, saka timestamp ichachinja ne nzvimbo uye
satellite inoshandiswa. YeMeteosat Prime satellites (inofukidza Europe neAfrica ku 40deg East), iyo data
vanobva kuMSG satellites uye "chokwadi" nguva inosiyana kubva kumativi Maminitsi mashanu apfuura awa mukati
Southern Africa kusvika maminitsi gumi nemaviri muNorthern Europe. Pamusoro peMeteosat Eastern satellites, iyo "chokwadi"
nguva inosiyana kubva kumativi 20 maminitsi pamberi awa kusvika nguva isati yasvika pakufamba kubva
Maodzanyemba kusvika Maodzanyemba. Kune nzvimbo muAmerica, iyo NSRDB database, iyo inowanikwawo kubva
satellite based modhi, iyo timestamp iripo nguva dzose HH:00.

Kune data kubva kune reanalysis zvigadzirwa (ERA5 uye COSMO), nekuda kwenzira iyo inofungidzirwa irradiance iri
yakaverengerwa, zviyero zveawa ndiyo avhareji kukosha kweirradiance inofungidzirwa pamusoro peawa iyoyo.
ERA5 inopa hutsika paHH:30, saka iri pakati peawa, nepo COSMO ichipa awa yega yega.
zvinokosha pakutanga kweawa imwe neimwe. Iwo akasiyana kunze kwemwaranzi yezuva, senge ambient
tembiricha kana kumhanya kwemhepo, zvinonziwo avhareji yeawa.

Ye data yeawa uchishandisa imwe ye PVGIS-SARAH dhatabhesi, iyo timestamp ndiyo imwe ye
irradiance data uye zvimwe zvinosiyana, izvo zvinobva kune reanalysis, ndizvo zvakakosha
zvinoenderana neawa iyoyo.

10. Nhoroondo yeMeteorological Year (TMY) data

Iyi sarudzo inobvumira mushandisi kurodha data seti ine Typical Meteorological Year
(TMY) yedata. Iyo data set ine data yeawa yeanotevera akasiyana:

Zuva uye nguva

Global horizontal irradiance

Direct normal irradiance

Diffus horizontal irradiance

Air pressure

Dry bulb tembiricha (2m tembiricha)

Kumhanya kwemhepo

Mhepo nzira (madhigirii kubva kuchamhembe)

Hunyoro hunyoro

Long-wave downwelling infrared radiation

Iyo data set yakagadzirwa nekusarudza mwedzi wega wega zvakanyanya "normal" mwedzi kunze ye
nguva yakazara iripo semuenzaniso makore gumi nematanhatu (2005-2020) ye PVGIS-SARAH2. The variables kushandiswa
sarudza mwedzi wakajairika ndeyepasi rose horizontal irradiance, mhepo tembiricha, uye hunyoro hunoenderana.

10.1 Sarudzo dzekuisa mune TMY tebhu

Iyo TMY chishandiso chine sarudzo imwe chete, inova solar irradiation dhatabhesi uye inoenderana nguva
nguva inoshandiswa kuverenga TMY.

10.2 Sarudzo dzekubuda muTMY tebhu

Zvinokwanisika kuratidza imwe yeminda yeTMY segirafu, nekusarudza munda wakakodzera mu
iyo yekudonha-pasi menyu uye nekudzvanya pa "View".

Kune matatu mafomati ekubuda anowanikwa: generic CSV fomati, json fomati uye EPW
(EnergyPlus Weather) fomati inokodzera EnergyPlus software inoshandiswa mukuvaka simba
performance calculations. Iyi yekupedzisira fomati ndeyehunyanzvi zvakare CSV asi inozivikanwa seEPW fomati
(faira rekuwedzera .epw).

Nezve timestanps mumafaira eTMY, ndapota cherechedza

Mumafaira e.csv ne.json, chitambi chenguva ndeichi HH:00, asi mishumo inofambirana ne
PVGIS-SARAH (HH:MM) kana ERA5 (HH:30) zvitambi zvenguva

Mumafaira e.epw, chimiro chinoda kuti mutsauko wega wega unzi unokosha
zvinoenderana nemari muawa inotangira nguva yataridzwa. The PVGIS .epw
data series inotanga na 01:00, asi inoshuma maitiro akafanana neye the .csv uye .json mafaira pa
00:00.

Rumwe ruzivo nezve yakabuda data fomati inowanikwa pano.

ZVIRI MUPEJI