Solar Panel Manufacturing ke eng?
Ho hlahisa matla a letsatsi ke mokhoa o rarahaneng oa theknoloji o fetolang matla a letsatsi hore e be motlakase o ka sebelisoang.
Phetoho ena e etsahala ka phello ea photovoltaic, e fumanoeng ka 1839 ke Alexandre Edmond Becquerel,
eo
e nolofalletsa lisele tsa letsatsi ho hlahisa motlakase ha li pepesehetse khanya.
The mokhoa oa ho etsa lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi e kenyelletsa mekhahlelo e 'maloa ea bohlokoa, ho tloha ho silicon e tala
ho ntšoa ho isa ho ho kenngoa ha ho qetela ha li-module tsa photovoltaic marulelong kapa ka limela tsa matla a letsatsi.
Mehato e 7 ea Motheo ea Tlhahiso ea Letsatsi
1. Ho ntšoa ha Silicon le ho Hloekisa
Ea pele mohato oa tlhahiso ea letsatsi e qala ka ho ntša silicon lehlabatheng la quartz (SiO₂).
Silicon e nka hoo e ka bang 90% ea lisele tsa hona joale tsa photovoltaic.
Mokhoa oa ho hloekisa:
- Phokotso ea quartz libonong tsa arc tsa motlakase ho 3,632°F (2,000°C)
- Tlhahiso ea silicon ea metallurgic (98% bohloeki)
- Ho hloekisa lik'hemik'hale ka mokhoa oa Siemens ho finyella bohloeki ba 99.9999%.
- Tlhahiso ea silicon ea boemo ba letsatsi
Mokhahlelo ona o sebelisa matla a mangata haholo, a emelang hoo e ka bang 45% ea kakaretso ea khabone ea phanele ea letsatsi.
2. Ho theha Crystalline Silicon Ingots
Hang ha e hloekisitsoe, silicon ea qhibiliha ebe e khabisoa ho etsa li-cylindrical ingots (monocrystalline) kapa li-square blocks.
(polycrystalline).
Mekhoa e 'meli ea mantlha:
- Mokhoa oa Czochralski: e hlahisa silicon ea monocrystalline ka katleho e phahameng (20-22%)
- Mokhoa oa ho lahla: e etsa silicon ea polycrystalline, e theko e tlaase empa e tlaase
bokgabane
(15-17%)
3. Wafer Slicing
Joale li-ingots li arotsoe ka li-discs tse tšesaane tse bitsoang liphaphatha ho sebedisa disakha tsa terata tsa taemane. Sena
mohato oa bohlokoa oa tlhahiso e etsa qeto ea botenya ba ho qetela ba lisele tsa photovoltaic.
Litšobotsi tsa Wafer:
- Botenya: 180 ho isa ho 200 micrometer
- Ho lahleheloa ke thepa: hoo e ka bang 50% nakong ea ho itšeha
- Sebaka se bentsoeng le se entsoeng ka masela ho ntlafatsa ho monya ha leseli
4. Sebopeho sa Solar Cell
Mokhahlelo ona o fetola li-wafer hore e be lisele tse sebetsang tse khonang ho hlahisa motlakase.
Mokhoa oa doping:
- Doping ea mofuta oa P: ho eketsa boron ho theha litefiso tse ntle
- Doping ea mofuta oa N: ho kenyelletsa phosphorus bakeng sa litefiso tse mpe
- Ho thehoa ha PN junction, pelo ea phello ea photovoltaic
Ho eketsa likhokahano tsa motlakase:
- Khatiso ea skrine ea li-pastes tse tsamaisang (silevera, aluminium)
- Ho thunya ha mocheso o phahameng ho kopanya likhokahano
- Teko ea motlakase ea sele ka 'ngoe
5. Kopano ea Solar Module
Lisele ka bomong li bokelloa ho theha liphanele tse felletseng tsa letsatsi.
Sebopeho sa module:
- Khalase e halefileng e thibelang ponahalo (sefahleho se ka pele)
- EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) encapsulant
- Lisele tsa photovoltaic tse hokahaneng
- Backsheet e sireletsang (sefahleho se ka morao)
- Foreimi ea aluminium bakeng sa ho tiea
Haufinyane mekhoa e mecha ka phanele
tlhahiso kenyelletsa TOPCon le theknoloji ea heterojunction, e nolofalletsang ho sebetsa hantle
e fetang 23%.
6. Tlhahlobo ea Boleng le Setifikeiti
Phanele e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea letsatsi e ea sebetsa teko e thata ho netefatsa ts'ebetso le ho tšoarella:
- Teko ea matla tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng a teko (STC)
- Teko ea ho kenella ka motlakase
- Teko ea ho hanyetsa boemo ba leholimo
- Setifikeiti sa machabeng (IEC 61215, IEC 61730)
7. Tlhomamiso le Komisi
Mohato oa ho qetela o kenyelletsa ho kenya liphanele sebakeng seo ba eang ho sona:
Ho kenngwa ha bodulo:
- Boithuto ba ho khonahala ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse kangPVGIS24
- Ho hloma marulelo kapa fatshe
- Khokahano ea motlakase le ts'ebetso
Ho kenya khoebo:
- Litsi tse kholo tsa matla a letsatsi
- Ho kopanya grid
- Mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho hlahloba
Litheknoloji tse Hlahang ho Tlhahiso ea Letsatsi
Lisele tsa Perovskite
Lisele tsa Perovskite emela bokamoso ba tlhahiso ea photovoltaic ka theoretical
matla a fetang 40% ho litlhophiso tsa tandem.
Lisele tsa Bifacial
Lisele tsena li nka leseli mahlakoreng ka bobeli, li eketsa tlhahiso ea matla ka 10 ho isa ho 30% ho latela tikoloho.
Tlhahiso ea Filimi e Thin
Mokhoa o mong oa silicon ea kristale, theknoloji ena e sebelisa lisebelisoa tse fokolang tsa semiconductor ha e ntse e boloka e le ntle
bokgabane.
Tšusumetso ea Tikoloho le Moshoelella
Tlhahiso ea morao-rao ea letsatsi e kenyelletsa mathata a ntseng a eketseha a tikoloho. The tšusumetso ea tikoloho ea letsatsi
matla e ntse e fokotseha ka lebaka la ntlafatso ea theknoloji.
Nako ea ho khutlisa matla: Phanele ea letsatsi e khutlisa matla a sebelisitsoeng ho e etsa nakong ea 1 ho isa ho 4
lilemo, bakeng sa nako ea bophelo ea lilemo tse 25 ho isa ho tse 30.
Solar panel recycling
tharollo li boetse li fetoha tsa bohlokoa, ka mananeo a ho tsosolosa a nolofalletsang ho hlaphoheloa ka 95% ea
lisebelisoa.
Ho ntlafatsa Morero oa hau oa Solar
Ho saese e kentsoeng hantle, sebelisa sesebelisoa sa PVGIS sebali sa letsatsi e nahanelang:
- Mabone a letsatsi sebakeng sa heno
- Boemo bo nepahetseng le ho sekamela
- Moriti o ka bang teng le litšitiso
- Tlhahiso ea matla e lebelletsoeng
The PVGIS simulator ea lichelete e boetse e u thusa
lekola phaello ea letsete la hau la photovoltaic.
Bokamoso ba Tlhahiso ea Letsatsi
Mehato ea ho etsa photovoltaic tsoela pele ho fetoha ka:
- Ho eketsa boiketsetso ba mela ea tlhahiso
- Ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso
- Ho ntlafatsa lihlahisoa tsa matla
- Ho kopanya bohlale ba maiketsetso bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa
Ho bapisa tlhahiso e fapaneng
mekhoa e bonts'a hore silicon ea kristale e lula e le matla, empa mekhoa e meng ea theknoloji e
ho rua
fatshe.
FAQ - Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa Mabapi le Tlhahiso ea Solar
Ho nka nako e kae ho etsa phanele ea letsatsi?
Ho etsa lisebelisoa tse felletseng tsa letsatsi, ho tloha ho silicon ho ea ho sehlahisoa se felileng, ho nka hoo e ka bang 2 ho isa ho 4
libeke.
Leha ho le joalo, haeba ho hloekisoa ha silicon ho kenyelelitsoe, mokhoa ona o ka tsoela pele ka likhoeli tse 'maloa.
Phapang ke efe lipakeng tsa lisele tsa monocrystalline le polycrystalline?
Lisele tsa monocrystalline li fana ka katleho e phahameng (20-22%) le ts'ebetso e ntle ea khanya e tlaase empa e theko e boima haholo.
Lisele tsa polycrystalline ha li na theko e tlaase ka katleho ea 15-17% empa li hloka sebaka se eketsehileng bakeng sa tlhahiso e tšoanang.
Ho hlokahala matla a makae ho hlahisa solar panel?
Ho etsa 300W solar panel ho hloka hoo e ka bang 200-400 kWh ea matla, haholo-holo bakeng sa tlhoekiso ea silicon.
Matla ana a felloa ke matla nakong ea lilemo tse 1-4 tsa tšebeliso ho latela sebaka sa ho kenya.
Na liphanele tsa letsatsi li ka sebelisoa hape?
Ee, liphanele tsa letsatsi li ka sebelisoa hape ka 95%. Khalase, aluminium, le silicon li ka fumanoa hape 'me tsa sebelisoa hape. Recycling
lisebelisoa li ntse li tsoela pele lefatšeng ka bophara ho sebetsana le moloko oa pele oa liphanele tse fihlang qetellong ea bophelo.
Nako ea bophelo ea solar panel ke efe?
Phanele ea letsatsi e na le nako ea bophelo ea lilemo tse 25 ho isa ho tse 30 ka liwaranti tsa ts'ebetso tse netefatsang 80% ea nako ea pele.
matla ka mor'a lilemo tse 25. Liphanele tse ling li ka tsoela pele ho sebetsa ho feta lilemo tse 30 ka ho senyeha butle-butle.
Boleng bo laoloa joang nakong ea tlhahiso?
Mokhahlelo o mong le o mong oa tlhahiso o kenyelletsa taolo ea boleng: tlhahlobo ea motlakase ea lisele, tlhahlobo ea pono, mochini
liteko tsa ho hanyetsa, setifikeiti se ikemetseng sa laboratori, le tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso tlasa maemo a tloaelehileng.
Ke linaha life tse laolang tlhahiso ea letsatsi lefatšeng ka bophara?
China e emetse hoo e ka bang 70% ea tlhahiso ea liphanele tsa letsatsi lefatšeng ka bophara, e lateloe ke Malaysia, Vietnam le Jeremane.
Europe le United States le tsona li ntlafatsa bokhoni ba tsona ba tlhahiso ho fokotsa ho itšetleha.
Na bokhoni ba liphanele tse teng bo ka ntlafatsoa?
Ha e se e entsoe, bokhoni ba phanele bo ke ke ba ntlafatsoa. Leha ho le joalo, optimization ea ho kenya (boikutlo,
sekama,
cooling systems) e ka eketsa tlhahiso. Meloko e mecha joale e fihlela katleho e fetang 23%.
Ho tebisa tsebo ea hau ea photovoltaic le ho ntlafatsa morero oa hau oa letsatsi, buisana le rona felletse PVGIS
tataisa le ho fumana tsa rona qaqisitsoe
litokomane e boloketsoe ba ngolisitseng li-premium.
