Carbon Footprint ea Tlhahiso ea Photovoltaic
Manufacture Emissions
Tlhahiso ea liphanele tsa letsatsi e hlahisa tlhahiso ea CO2 e tsepamisitsoeng haholo-holo methating ea pele ea tlhahiso tshebetso. Ho ntšoa ha silicon le tlhoekiso feela ho etsa karolo ea 40% ea kakaretso ea mesi ea potoloho ea bophelo ea sebaka sa photovoltaic.
Tsa moraorao theknoloji ea solar panel boiqapelo ba fokolitse khabone ena haholo. TOPCon le heterojunction mahlale a hloka lits'ebetso tse rarahaneng ho feta empa a fana ka ts'ebetso e phahameng haholo e lefellang bona litšenyehelo tsa matla a tlhahiso.
Nako ea ho khutlisa matla
Phanele ea sejoale-joale ea letsatsi "e lefa" matla a hlokahalang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea eona nakong ea lilemo tse 1 ho isa ho tse 4 ho latela Theknoloji e sebelisitsoeng, ha e ntse e sebetsa hantle bakeng sa lilemo tse 25 ho isa ho tse 30. Nako ena ea ho khutlisa matla e ntse e tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa ka lebaka la tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi ditsamaiso.
Tšebeliso ea Lihloliloeng
Lisebelisoa tse tala le liminerale
Tšusumetso ea tikoloho ea tlhahiso ea matla a letsatsi e fapana ho ea ka mefuta e fapaneng tlhahiso ea lisele tsa letsatsi mekhoa 'me e kenyelletsa ho ntšoa ha lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse tala:
Silicone: Mohloli o mongata karolong e ka holimo ea Lefatše (28% ea sebopeho sa eona), silicon leha ho le joalo e hloka ts'ebetso ea tlhoekiso e matla haholo. Baetsi joale ba ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tsa bona ka ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse nchafalitsoeng motlakase bakeng sa mohato ona oa bohlokoa.
Rare Metals: Silevera, e sebelisetsoang likhokahano tsa motlakase, e emela hoo e ka bang 0.1% ea kakaretso ea phanele boima. Baetsi ba hlahisa mekhoa e meng e kang likhokahano tsa koporo ho fokotsa ho itšetleha hona.
Aluminium le Khalase: Lisebelisoa tsena, tse sebelisetsoang liforeimi le tšireletso, li sebelisoa haholo hape emela boemo bo tlase ba tikoloho.
Tšebeliso ea Metsi
Mokhoa oa ho etsa lisele tsa photovoltaic o hloka metsi a mangata, haholo-holo bakeng sa ho hloekisa le phodiso. Sele e tloaelehileng e sebelisa lilithara tse ka bang 3 tsa metsi ka watt e kentsoeng. Bahlahisi ba nang le boikarabelo kenya ts'ebetsong mekhoa ea ho tsosolosa metsi ho fokotsa tšusumetso ena.
Tsamaiso ea Litsila tsa Tlhahiso
Litšila Tsa Liindasteri
Mohato o mong le o mong oa mekhoa ea tlhahiso ea letsatsi e hlahisa lihlahisoa tse hlokang taolo e nepahetseng:
- Lerōle la silicon: E bokelloa le ho sebelisoa hape ho li-ingots tse ncha
- Ho hlahisa li-acids: E phekoloa le ho se nke lehlakore pele e lahloa
- Li-solvents tsa tlhaho: E hloekisitsoe ebile e sebelisoa hape lits'ebetsong
Koetliso ea lihlahisoa
Ho ntlafatsa lihlahisoa tsa tlhahiso ka mochine ho fokotsa bongata ba litšila ka watt e hlahisoang. Sele ea sejoale-joale e nang le 22% bokhabane bo hlahisa litšila tse ka tlase ho 30% ho feta sele e sebetsang hantle ea 15% bakeng sa matla a tšoanang a kentsoeng. Tlhahiso e ncha mekhoa e ntse e tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tsena ho feta.
Tlhahlobo e Feletseng ea Lifecycle
Mohato oa Tlhahiso (lilemo tse 0-2)
Karolo ena e tsepamisitse maikutlo ho 85% ea kakaretso ea carbon footprint ea photovoltaic system. Tlhahiso ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea senotlolo mehato ke:
- Ho hloekisa silicon (40% ea likhase)
- Kholo ea Ingot (25% ea mesi)
- Sekhahla (15% ea likhase)
- Kopano ea module (20% ea likhase)
Mohato oa Ts'ebetso (lilemo tse 2-30)
Nakong ena e atolositsoeng, tšusumetso ea tikoloho e lekanyelitsoe ho:
- Tlhokomelo e thibelang (ho hloekisa, ho hlahloba)
- Liphetoho tsa inverter tsa nako le nako
- Lipalangoang bakeng sa ho kenella
Mokhahlelo ona oa khabone o emetse tlase ho 5% ea kakaretso ea lilemo tse fetang 30. Bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea sistimi nakong ena, ho sebelisoa lisebelisoa tse joalo PVGIS letsatsi khalkhuleita e thusa ho netefatsa hore ts'ebetso e sebetsa hantle.
Qetellong ea Bophelo (kamora lilemo tse 30)
Solar panel recycling tharollo e be ea bohlokoa mona. Li-module tsa ho qetela tsa bophelo li na le lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa:
- Khalase: 75% ea boima ba 'mele, 95% e ka sebelisoa hape
- Aluminium: 8% ea boima, 100% e ka sebelisoa hape
- Li-polymers: 7% ea boima ba 'mele, e ka sebelisoa hape
- Silicon le tšepe: 10% ea boima ba 'mele, e ka khutlisoa
Ha ho bapisoa le Mafura a Fossil
Qoba Mesi
Mochine oa photovoltaic oa 3 kWc o qoba ho tsoa ha lithane tse 1.2 tsa CO2 ka selemo Fora, e leng kakaretso ea lithane tse 36 ho feta bophelong. Ts'ebetso ena e beha letsatsi har'a mehloli e hloekileng ea matla e fumanehang.
Emission Factor
Lintlha tse hlahisoang ke photovoltaic li pakeng tsa 20 le 50 g CO2/kWh ho latela theknoloji, ha li bapisoa le 820 g. CO2/kWh bakeng sa mashala le 490 g CO2/kWh bakeng sa khase ea tlhaho. Phapang ena e kholo e tiisa tikoloho ea letsatsi melemo.
Maano a Phokotso ea Liphello
Lintlafatso tsa Ts'ebetso
Baetsi ba tsetela haholo ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tsa bona:
- Lisebelisoa tsa ho khutlisa mocheso bakeng sa ho qhibiliha ha silicon
- Motlakase o tsosolositsoeng ho feme
- Mekhoa e fokolang ea lik'hemik'hale tse silafatsang bakeng sa phekolo ea holim'a metsi
Moqapi o ikarabellang ka Eco
Moloko o mocha oa liphanele o kopanya mekhoa ea tikoloho ho tloha sethaleng sa moralo:
- Phokotso ea lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa (silevera, indium)
- E ntlafalitse ho sebelisa likaroloana hape
- Nako ea bophelo e atolositsoe ho lilemo tse 35-40
Phello ea Mefuta-futa ea Lihloliloeng
Mehaho e kentsoeng fatše
Mapolasi a solar a fatše a ka ama mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng tsa lehae, empa mehato e sebetsang ea ho fokotsa e teng:
- Liphaseje tsa tikoloho lipakeng tsa mela ea liphanele
- Limela tse ikamahanyang le maemo a ka tlas'a le ho potoloha
- Linako tsa ho kenya tse amanang le nako ea ho ikatisa
Lisebelisoa tsa marulelo
Lisebelisoa tsa marulelong, joalo ka tse ntlafalitsoeng ke PVGIS lisebelisoa tsa ketsiso, bonyane ba hona joale tšusumetso ea mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng ha e ntse e eketsa tšebeliso ea libaka tse seng li entsoe. The PVGIS simulator ea lichelete e ka thusa lekola melemo ea moruo le ea tikoloho ea litsamaiso tsa marulelo.
Melawana le Maemo a Tikoloho
Litaelo tsa Europe
Taelo ea WEEE (Lisebelisoa tsa Motlakase le Lisebelisoa tsa Elektronike) e hloka hore ho bokelloe le ho sebelisoa bocha ha bofelo ba bophelo ba photovoltaic panels ho tloha 2014. Taolo ena e tiisa tekanyo e fokolang ea ho tsosolosa ea 80%.
Litifikeiti tsa Tikoloho
ISO 14001 le Setifikeiti sa Cradle to Cradle li tataisa bahlahisi mabapi le mekhoa e tsitsitseng haholoanyane. Tsena litekanyetso li akaretsa nako eohle ea bophelo, ho tloha ho ho ntšoa ha thepa e tala ho isa ho ho recycle ea ho qetela.
Litebello Tsa Ntlafatso ea Bokamoso
Emerging Technologies
Litlhahiso tsa morao-rao tsa tlhahiso li tšepisa melemo e mengata ea tikoloho:
- Lisele tsa Perovskite: Tlhahiso e tlaase ea mocheso
- Theknoloji ea lintho tse phelang: Lisebelisoa tse ka senyehang
- Khatiso ea 3D: Ho fokotsa litšila tsa tlhahiso
Moruo o chitja
Ho kopanngoa ka ho feletseng ha moruo oa selikalikoe lefapheng la photovoltaic ho hloka:
- Eco-design e hlophisitsoeng ea lihlahisoa tse ncha
- Li-network tsa pokello tse sebetsang hantle bakeng sa li-module tse sebelisitsoeng
- Likanale tse ikhethileng le tse nang le phaello ea ho sebelisa hape
Bakeng sa ba thahasellang ho hlahloba litoropo tsa letsatsi le phello ea tsona ea tikoloho, rona Letsatsi Tataiso ea litoropo e fana ka lintlha tsa bohlokoa mabapi le ts'ebetsong ea letsatsi la litoropo.
Qetello
Tlhahlobo ea tikoloho e senola hore le hoja tlhahiso ea matla a letsatsi e na le tšusumetso ea tikoloho nakong ea tlhahiso, sena se potlakisoa ka potlako ke mashome a lilemo a tlhahiso ea matla a hloekileng. Ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ho mekhoa ea tlhahiso, e kopantsoeng le tharollo e sebetsang ea ho tsosolosa, e etsa hore matla a letsatsi e be e 'ngoe ea tse ngata ka ho fetisisa mehloli ea matla e tsitsitseng e teng kajeno.
Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi mabapi le phello ea tikoloho ea sesebelisoa sa hau sa letsatsi, hlahloba rona PVGIS merero ea ho ngolisa tse kenyeletsang litlhahlobo tse tsoetseng pele tsa phello ea tikoloho.
FAQ - Tšusumetso ea Tikoloho ea Tlhahiso ea Matla a Letsatsi
A na solar panel e silafatsa nakong ea tlhahiso?
Ho etsa liphanele tsa letsatsi ho hlahisa likhase tsa CO2, haholoholo ka lebaka la tlhoekiso ea silicon. Leha ho le joalo, tsena tlhahiso e fokotsoa nakong ea lilemo tse 1 ho isa ho tse 4, athe phanele e sebetsa lilemo tse 25 ho isa ho tse 30. The teka-tekano ea tikoloho e lula e le ntle haholo.
Ho nka nako e kae hore solar panel e fokotse phello ea eona ea khabone?
Nako ea tefo ea khabone e fapana ho ea ka theknoloji le sebaka sa ho kenya:
- Lilemo tse 1 ho isa ho tse 2 libakeng tse nang le letsatsi haholo
- Lilemo tse 2 ho isa ho tse 4 libakeng tse tloaelehileng tsa khanya ea letsatsi
Theknoloji e ncha e lula e fokotsa nako ena. Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi, sheba rona PVGIS litokomane.
Na liphanele tsa letsatsi li ka sebelisoa hape?
Ee, liphanele tsa letsatsi li ka sebelisoa hape ka 95%. Khalase le aluminium recycle habonolo, ha silicon e ka hloekisoa ho etsa lisele tse ncha. Mecha e khethehileng ea ho sebelisa hape e ntse e tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ena.
Na ho ntšoa ha silicon ho silafatsa?
Ho ntšoa ha silicon ka boeona ho silafatsa hanyane kaha sesebelisoa sena se ngata haholo. Ke mokhoa oa tlhoekiso e jang matla a bohlokoa. Baetsi ba ntse ba tsoela pele ho sebelisa motlakase o tsosolositsoeng molemong ona oa bohlokoa.
Tšusumetso ea metsi ea liphanele tsa letsatsi ke efe?
Ho etsa liphanele ho hloka metsi bakeng sa ho hloekisa le ho futhumatsa lisebelisoa. Baetsi ba nang le boikarabelo ba sebelisa sena hape metsi le ho fokotsa tšebeliso. Ha li sebetsa, li-panels ha li je metsi, ho fapana le limela tsa matla a mocheso.
Nka fokotsa joang tšusumetso ea tikoloho ea mochini oa ka oa letsatsi?
Ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho:
- Khetha liphanele tse tiisitsoeng ho bahlahisi ba nang le boikarabelo
- Optimize saese le PVGIS khalkhuleita ho qoba ho feteletsa
- Khetha marulelo ho feta ho kenya fatše
- Etsa moralo oa ho sebelisa hape ho tloha ho instola
- Lula u tseba ka rona PVGIS blog bakeng sa molemo ka ho fetisisa mekhoa ea tikoloho
Na liphanele tsa China li silafatsa ho feta?
Tšusumetso ea tikoloho e itšetlehile haholo ka theknoloji e sebelisoang le mehloli ea matla ea feme ho feta sebaka. Machaena a mang bahlahisi ba tsetela haholo ho matla a tsosolositsoeng bakeng sa libaka tsa bona tsa tlhahiso, ho fokotsa khabone ea bona. Bakeng sa papiso e felletseng ea likarolo, hlahloba PVGIS24 likarolo le melemo.
Na re lokela ho emela hore ho fokotsehe mekhoa e mecha e silafatsang?
Che, mahlale a morao-rao a se a ntse a fana ka teka-tekano e ntle haholo ea tikoloho. Ho leta ho ne ho tla lieha hang-hang melemo ea tikoloho. Lintlafatso tsa theknoloji li etsahala khafetsa 'me li ka kopanngoa nakong e tlang nchafatso ea lisebelisoa