I-PHOTOVOLTAIC GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM
Nceda Qinisekisa iNgcaciso yeProfayile ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke
Uqinisekile ukuba ufuna ukucima?
PVGIS 5.3 INCWADI YOKUSEBENZISA
PVGIS 5.3 INCWADI YOKUSEBENZISA
1. Intshayelelo
Eli phepha lichaza indlela yokusebenzisa i PVGIS 5.3 ujongano lwewebhu ukuvelisa izibalo ze
ilanga
i-radiation kunye ne-photovoltaic (PV) inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla ombane. Siza kuzama ukubonisa indlela yokusebenzisa
PVGIS 5.3 ngokwenza. Unako kwakhona ukujonga kwi iindlela
esetyenzisiweyo
ukwenza izibalo
okanye ngokufutshane "ukuqala" isikhokelo .
Le ncwadana iyachaza PVGIS uguqulelo 5.3
1.1 Yintoni PVGIS
PVGIS 5.3 sisicelo sewebhu esivumela umsebenzisi ukuba afumane idatha kwimitha yelanga
kwaye
photovoltaic (PV) inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla, nakweyiphi na indawo kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Yi
simahla ngokupheleleyo ukusebenzisa, ngaphandle kwezithintelo malunga nokuba iziphumo zingasetyenziselwa ntoni, kwaye ngaphandle kwe
ubhaliso oluyimfuneko.
PVGIS 5.3 inokusetyenziswa ukwenza inani lezibalo ezahlukeneyo. Le ncwadana iya
chaza
ngamnye kubo. Ukusebenzisa PVGIS 5.3 kufuneka udlule kwi-a amanyathelo ambalwa alula.
Uninzi lwe
ulwazi olunikwe kule ncwadana inokufumaneka nakwizicatshulwa zoNcedo ze PVGIS
5.3.
1.2 Igalelo kunye nemveliso PVGIS 5.3
I PVGIS ujongano lomsebenzisi luboniswe ngezantsi.
Uninzi lwezixhobo kwi PVGIS 5.3 Ifuna igalelo elithile kumsebenzisi - oku iphathwa njengeefom zewebhu eziqhelekileyo, apho umsebenzisi ecofa kwiinketho okanye angenise ulwazi, njenge ubungakanani benkqubo yePV.
Phambi kokufaka idatha yokubala umsebenzisi kufuneka akhethe indawo yejografi
ukwenza ubalo.
Oku kwenziwa ngu:
Ngokucofa kwimephu, mhlawumbi usebenzisa ukhetho lokwandisa.
Ngokufaka idilesi kwi "idilesi" indawo engezantsi kwemephu.
Ngokufaka isibanzi kunye neside kwimihlaba engezantsi kwemephu.
Ubude kunye nobude bunokuba negalelo kwifomathi DD:MM:SSA apho iDD izizidanga,
I-MM i-arc-imizuzu, i-SS i-arc-seconds kunye ne-A hemisphere (N, S, E, W).
Ubude kunye nobude bunokuba negalelo njengamaxabiso edesimali, ngoko umzekelo 45°15'N
kufanele
kuba igalelo njengoko 45.25. Izibanzi kumzantsi weikhweyitha zigalelo njengamaxabiso angalunganga, emantla anjalo
entle.
Ubude bentshona ka-0° i-meridian kufuneka inikwe njengamaxabiso angalunganga, amaxabiso asempumalanga
ziqinisekile.
PVGIS 5.3 ivumela i umsebenzisi ukufumana iziphumo kwinani elahlukileyo iindlela:
Njengenombolo kunye neegrafu eziboniswe kwisikhangeli sewebhu.
Zonke iigrafu nazo zinokugcinwa kwifayile.
Njengolwazi olukwifomathi yesicatshulwa (CSV).
Iifomati zemveliso zichazwe ngokwahlukeneyo kwi "Izixhobo" icandelo.
Njengoxwebhu lwePDF, lufumaneka emva kokuba umsebenzisi ecofa ukubonisa iziphumo kwifayile umkhangeli zincwadi.
Ukusebenzisa i-non-interactive PVGIS 5.3 iinkonzo zewebhu (iinkonzo ze-API).
Ezi zichazwe ngakumbi kwi "Izixhobo" icandelo.
2. Ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwe-horizon
Ubalo lwemitha yelanga kunye/okanye ukusebenza kwePV kwi PVGIS 5.3 unokusebenzisa ulwazi malunga
i-horizon yendawo ukuqikelela iziphumo zezithunzi ezivela kwiinduli ezikufutshane okanye
iintaba.
Umsebenzisi unenani leenketho zolu khetho, eziboniswe ekunene kwe
imephu kwi
PVGIS 5.3 isixhobo.
Umsebenzisi unokhetho oluthathu lolwazi lwe-horizon:
Musa ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwe-horizon ekubaleni.
Olu lukhetho xa umsebenzisi
ayikhethi zombini i "ihorizon ebaliwe" kwaye i
"layisha ifayile ye-horizon"
iinketho.
Sebenzisa i PVGIS 5.3 ulwazi lwehorizon eyakhelweyo.
Ukukhetha oku, khetha
"I-horizon ebaliweyo" kwi PVGIS 5.3 isixhobo.
Le yile
ukungagqibeki
ukhetho.
Layisha ulwazi lwakho malunga nobude be-horizon.
Ifayile ye-horizon kufuneka ifakwe kwindawo yethu yewebhu
ifayile yokubhaliweyo elula, onokuyidala usebenzisa umhleli wokubhaliweyo (njengeNotepad ye
Windows), okanye ngokuthumela ngaphandle i-spreadsheet njengamaxabiso ahlulwe ngekoma (.csv).
Igama lefayile kufuneka libe nezongezo '.txt' okanye '.csv'.
Kwifayile kufuneka kubekho inani elinye kumgca ngamnye, kunye nenani ngalinye elimele i
umphezulu
ukuphakama ngokwedigri kwicala lekhampasi ethile ejikeleze indawo yomdla.
Umphakamo we-horizon kwifayile kufuneka unikwe kwicala lewotshi ukuqala kwi
Mantla;
oko kukuthi, ukusuka eMntla, ukuya eMpuma, eMazantsi, eNtshona, nokubuyela eMntla.
Amaxabiso acingelwa ukuba amele umgama olinganayo we-angular ojikeleze i-horizon.
Umzekelo, ukuba unamaxabiso angama-36 kwifayile,PVGIS 5.3 ucinga ukuba
i
inqaku lokuqala lifanelekile
emantla, elilandelayo li-10 degrees empuma ngasentla, njalo njalo, kude kube kwindawo yokugqibela,
I-10 degrees entshonalanga
yasemantla.
Umzekelo wefayile unokufumaneka apha. Kule meko, kukho amanani ali-12 kuphela kwifayile,
ehambelana nokuphakama kwe-horizon kuzo zonke iidigri ezingama-30 ezijikeleze i-horizon.
Uninzi lwe PVGIS 5.3 izixhobo (ngaphandle uthotho lweyure radiation ixesha) ziya
bonisa a
igrafu ye
ihorizon kunye neziphumo zokubala. Igrafu iboniswa njengepolar
icebo kunye ne
ukuphakama kwe-horizon kwisangqa. Umfanekiso olandelayo ubonisa umzekelo weploti ye-horizon. Intlanzi
umfanekiso wekhamera yendawo enye uyaboniswa ukuze uthelekise.
3. Ukukhetha imitha yelanga idatabase
Ugcino lwedatha yemitha yelanga (DBs) ekhoyo PVGIS 5.3 zezi:
Zonke ii-database zibonelela ngeengqikelelo zemitha yelanga ngeyure.
Uninzi lwe Idatha yeSolar Power Estimation isetyenziswe ngu PVGIS 5.3 zibalwe kwimifanekiso yesathelayithi. Kukho inani le iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza oku, ngokusekelwe kwiisathelayithi ezisetyenziswayo.
Iinketho ezikhoyo kwi PVGIS 5.3 e ezikhoyo zi:
PVGIS-SARAH2 Le seti yedatha yenziwe
ibalwa yiCM SAF ukuya
endaweni kaSARAH-1.
Le datha igubungela iYurophu, iAfrika, uninzi lweAsia, kunye nenxalenye yoMzantsi Melika.
PVGIS-NSRDB Le seti yedatha yenziwe ezibonelelwa nguZwelonke Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) kwaye yinxalenye ISolar yeSizwe Imitha Uvimba weenkcukacha.
PVGIS-SARAH Le seti yedatha yaba
zibaliwe
yiCM SAF kunye ne
PVGIS iqela.
Le datha inokhuselo olufanayo kune PVGIS-SARAH2.
Eminye imimandla ayichatshazelwanga yidatha yesathelayithi, oku kukwimeko yobude obuphezulu
iindawo. Ke ngoko siye sazisa isiseko sedatha esongezelelweyo semitha yelanga eYurophu, esithe
ibandakanya izibanzi ezisemantla:
PVGIS-ERA5 Olu lucazululo kwakhona
imveliso
ukusuka kwi-ECMWF.
Ukhuseleko lusehlabathini lonke ngesisombululo seyure kunye nesisombululo somhlaba
0.28°lat/lon.
Ulwazi oluninzi malunga uhlalutyo olusekwe kwidatha yemitha yelanga yi
ekhoyo.
Kukhetho ngalunye lokubala kujongano lwewebhu, PVGIS 5.3 izakubonisa i
umsebenzisi
ngokukhethwa koovimba beenkcukacha abagubungela indawo ekhethwe ngumsebenzisi.
Lo mzobo ungezantsi ubonisa iindawo ezigutyungelwe luluhlu ngalunye lwemitha yelanga.
Ngokusekelwe kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo zokuqinisekisa ezenziweyo oovimba beenkcukacha abacetyiswayo kwindawo nganye zezi zilandelayo:
Ezi nkcukacha zedatha zizo ezisetyenziswa ngokungagqibekanga xa iparameter yeraddatabase ingabonelelwanga
kwizixhobo ezingasebenziyo. Ezi zikwangoovimba beenkcukacha abasetyenziswa kwisixhobo se-TMY.
4. Ukubala inkqubo yePV eqhagamshelwe kwigridi ukusebenza
Iinkqubo ze-Photovoltaic ukuguqula amandla we ukukhanya kwelanga kumandla ombane. Nangona iimodyuli zePV zivelisa umbane othe ngqo wangoku (DC), rhoqo iimodyuli ziqhagamshelwe kwi-Inverter eguqula umbane we-DC ube yi-AC, leyo ingasetyenziswa ekuhlaleni okanye ithunyelwe kwigridi yombane. Olu hlobo lwe Inkqubo yePV ibizwa ngokuba yi-PV eqhagamshelwe kwigridi. I ukubalwa kwemveliso yamandla ithatha ukuba onke amandla angasetyenziswa ekuhlaleni anokuba ithunyelwe kwigridi.
4.1 Amagalelo ezibalo zesistim yePV
PVGIS idinga ulwazi oluthile kumsebenzisi ukwenza ubalo lwamandla e-PV imveliso. La magalelo achazwe koku kulandelayo:
Ukusebenza kweemodyuli ze-PV kuxhomekeke kwiqondo lokushisa kunye nakwi iradiance yelanga, kodwa
ukuxhomekeka ngokuthe ngqo kuyahluka
phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemodyuli zePV. Okwangoku singakwazi
qikelela ilahleko ngenxa
iziphumo zobushushu kunye ne-irradiance kwezi ntlobo zilandelayo ze
iimodyuli: i-crystalline silicon
iiseli; iimodyuli zefilimu ezincinci ezenziwe kwiCIS okanye iCIGS kunye nefilimu encinci
iimodyuli ezenziwe kwiCadmium Telluride
(CdTe).
Kwezinye iitekhnoloji (ngokukodwa itekhnoloji ehlukeneyo ye-amorphous), olu lungiso alunakuba
kubalwe apha. Ukuba ukhetha enye yeendlela ezintathu zokuqala apha ubalo lwe
ukusebenza
iya kuthathela ingqalelo ukuxhomekeka kobushushu bokusebenza kwabakhethiweyo
iteknoloji. Ukuba ukhetha olunye ukhetho (olunye/olungaziwa), ubalo luya kuthatha ilahleko
ye
I-8% yamandla ngenxa yeziphumo zeqondo lobushushu (ixabiso legeneric elifunyenwe lifanelekile
imozulu epholileyo).
Imveliso yamandla e-PV ikwaxhomekeke kwi-spectrum yemitha yelanga. PVGIS 5.3 unako
bala
indlela iinguqu ze-spectrum zokukhanya kwelanga ezichaphazela ngayo yonke imveliso yamandla
ukusuka kwiPV
inkqubo. Okwangoku olu balo lunokwenziwa kwi-crystalline silicon kunye ne-CdTe
iimodyuli.
Qaphela ukuba olu balo alukafumaneki xa usebenzisa i-NSRDB imitha yelanga
database.
La mandla abhengezwa ngumvelisi ukuba uluhlu lwePV lunokuvelisa phantsi komgangatho
iimeko zovavanyo (STC), eziyi-1000W engaguqukiyo yokukhanya kwelanga kwimitha yesikwere
inqwelomoya yoluhlu, kwiqondo lobushushu elikwi-25°C. Amandla aphezulu kufuneka angenwe
i-kilowatt-peak (kWp). Ukuba awuwazi amandla achaziweyo encopho yeemodyuli zakho kodwa endaweni yoko
yazi
indawo yeemodyuli kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa (ngepesenti), unako
bala
amandla aphezulu njengamandla = indawo * ukusebenza kakuhle / 100. Bona ingcaciso engaphezulu kwi-FAQ.
Iimodyuli zeBifacial: PVGIS 5.3 ayenzi't yenza izibalo ezithile zobuso obubini
iimodyuli okwangoku.
Abasebenzisi abanqwenela ukuphonononga iingenelo ezinokwenzeka zobu buchwepheshe banako
igalelo
ixabiso amandla for
I-Bifacial Nameplate Irradiance. Oku kunokuthi kwakhona kuqikelelwe ukusuka
incopho yecala langaphambili
amandla P_STC ixabiso kunye ne-bifaciality factor, φ (ukuba kuxelwe kwi
Iphepha ledatha lemodyuli) njenge: P_BNPI
= P_STC * (1 + φ * 0.135). QAPHELA le ndlela ye-bifacial ayikho
ezifanelekileyo kwi-BAPV okanye i-BIPV
ufakelo okanye iimodyuli ezinyukayo kumgca ohamba phambili weNS, oko kukuthi, ujonge
EW.
Ilahleko yenkqubo eqikelelweyo yiyo yonke ilahleko kwinkqubo, ebangela amandla ngokwenene
ukuhanjiswa kwigridi yombane ukuba ibe ngaphantsi kwamandla avelisiweyo kwiimodyuli zePV. Pha
Zininzi oonobangela bale lahleko, njengelahleko kwiintambo, ii-inverters zamandla, ubumdaka (ngamanye amaxesha
ikhephu) kwiimodyuli njalo njalo. Ukutyhubela iminyaka iimodyuli zikwathande ukuphulukana nentwana yazo
amandla, ngoko ke umndilili wemveliso yonyaka kubomi benkqubo uya kuba ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezimbalwa
kunemveliso kwiminyaka yokuqala.
Sinike ixabiso elimiselweyo le-14% yelahleko iyonke. Ukuba unombono olungileyo ukuba wakho
ixabiso liya kwahluka (mhlawumbi ngenxa ye-inverter ephezulu kakhulu) ungakunciphisa oku
ixabiso
kancinci.
Kwiinkqubo ezisisigxina (ezingalandeleliyo), indlela iimodyuli ezixhonywe ngayo ziya kuba nefuthe
ubushushu bemodyuli, nto leyo echaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle. Imilingo ibonisiwe
ukuba ukuhamba komoya emva kweemodyuli kuthintelwe, iimodyuli zingafumana kakhulu
kushushu (ukuya kwi-15°C kwi-1000W/m2 yokukhanya kwelanga).
Kwi PVGIS 5.3 kukho izinto ezimbini ezinokwenzeka: ukuma ngokukhululekileyo, okuthetha ukuba iimodyuli zi
inyusiwe
kwi-rack enomoya ohamba ngokukhululekileyo emva kweemodyuli; kunye nesakhiwo- esidibeneyo, esithe
ithetha ukuba
iimodyuli zakhiwe ngokupheleleyo kwisakhiwo sodonga okanye uphahla lwe
isakhiwo, kungekho moya
intshukumo emva kweemodyuli.
Ezinye iintlobo zokunyuswa ziphakathi kwezi zinto zimbini zigqithileyo, umzekelo ukuba iimodyuli zinjalo
zixhonywe eluphahleni ezineethayile zophahla olugobileyo, ezivumela umoya ukuba uhambe ngasemva
iimodyuli. Kunjalo
iimeko, i
ukusebenza kuya kuba kwindawo ethile phakathi kweziphumo zokubala ezimbini ezi
kunokwenzeka
Apha.
Le yi-engile yeemodyuli zePV ukusuka kwinqwelomoya ethe tye, esisigxina (engalandeleliyo)
ukunyuka.
Kwezinye izicelo i-slope kunye ne-azimuth angles ziya kuba sele zaziwa, umzekelo ukuba i-PV
iimodyuli kufuneka zakhiwe kuphahla olukhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unako ukukhetha
i
ithambeka kunye/okanye i-azimuth, PVGIS 5.3 inokukubalela eyona ilungileyo
ixabiso
kwithambeka kunye
i-azimuth (ithatha ii-angles ezisisigxina unyaka wonke).
iimodyuli
(ukuqhelaniswa) kwePV
iimodyuli
I-azimuth, okanye i-orientation, i-angle yeemodyuli ze-PV ngokubhekiselele kwindlela eya kuMzantsi.
-
90° yiMpuma, 0° nguMzantsi kunye nama-90° yiNtshona.
Kwezinye izicelo i-slope kunye ne-azimuth angles ziya kuba sele zaziwa, umzekelo ukuba i-PV
iimodyuli kufuneka zakhiwe kuphahla olukhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unako ukukhetha
i
ithambeka kunye/okanye i-azimuth, PVGIS 5.3 inokukubalela eyona ilungileyo
ixabiso
kwithambeka kunye
i-azimuth (ithatha ii-angles ezisisigxina unyaka wonke).
ithambeka (kunye
ingayiyo azimuth)
Ukuba ucofa ukukhetha olu khetho, PVGIS 5.3 iya kubala ithambeka lePV iimodyuli ezinika amandla aphezulu emveliso kunyaka wonke. PVGIS 5.3 nako bala eyona azimuth iphezulu ukuba uyafunwa. Ezi zikhetho zicinga ukuba i-slope kunye ne-azimuth engile hlala uzinzile unyaka wonke.
Kwiinkqubo ze-PV ezisisigxina eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi PVGIS 5.3 ingabala iindleko yombane oveliswe yinkqubo yePV. Ubalo lusekwe ku-a "Ibekwe kwinqanaba Iindleko zaMandla" indlela, iyafana nendlela yokubalwa kwentlawulo yemali-mboleko emiselweyo. Kufuneke u faka amasuntswana olwazi ukwenza ubalo:
iindleko ukubala
• Ixabiso lilonke lokuthenga kunye nokufaka inkqubo yePV,
ngemali yakho. Ukuba ufake i-5kWp
njengoko
ubungakanani benkqubo, ixabiso kufuneka libe lelenkqubo yolo bungakanani.
•
Izinga lenzala, kwi-% ngonyaka, oku kucingelwa ukuba kuya kuhlala kuhleli kubomi bonke be
i
Inkqubo yePV.
• Ubomi obulindelekileyo benkqubo ye-PV, kwiminyaka.
Ubalo luthatha ukuba kuya kubakho iindleko ezimiselweyo ngonyaka zolondolozo lwePV
inkqubo
(ezifana nokutshintshwa kwamacandelo aqhekezayo), ilingana ne-3% yeendleko zokuqala
ye
inkqubo.
4.2 Iziphumo zokubala ze-PV grid-eqhagamshelwe inkqubo yokubala
Iziphumo zokubala zibandakanya amaxabiso aphakathi konyaka wemveliso yamandla kunye
kwinqwelomoya
Imitha yelanga, kunye neegrafu zamaxabiso enyanga.
Ukongeza kumndilili wonyaka wemveliso yePV kunye nomyinge wokukhanya, PVGIS 5.3
neengxelo
ukuguquguquka konyaka-to-nyaka kwimveliso ye-PV, njengokutenxa okusemgangathweni kwe
amaxabiso onyaka ngaphezulu
ixesha ngedatha yemitha yelanga kwindawo ekhethiweyo yedatha yemitha yelanga.
Kwakhona ufumana i
Isishwankathelo selahleko eyahlukileyo kwimveliso yePV ebangelwa ziziphumo ezahlukeneyo.
Xa usenza ubalo igrafu ebonakalayo yimveliso yePV. Ukuba uvumela isalathisi semouse
hambisa ngaphezulu kwegrafu ungawabona amaxabiso enyanga njengamanani. Ungatshintsha phakathi kwe
Iigrafu ucofa amaqhosha:
Iigrafu zineqhosha lokukhuphela kwikona ephezulu ngasekunene. Ukongeza, unokukhuphela iPDF
uxwebhu olunalo lonke ulwazi olubonisiweyo kwisiphumo sokubala.
5. Ukubala inkqubo yePV yokulandelela ilanga ukusebenza
5.1 Amagalelo ezibalo zePV zokulandela umkhondo
Umzuzwana "ithebhu" ye PVGIS 5.3 ivumela umsebenzisi ukuba enze izibalo ze
imveliso yamandla ukusuka
iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo zePV zokulandelela ilanga. Iinkqubo zePV zokulandelela ilanga zine
iimodyuli zePV
inyuswe kwiinkxaso ezihambisa iimodyuli ngexesha lasemini ukuze iimodyuli zijongane nazo
indlela
yelanga.
Iinkqubo zicingelwa ukuba zixhunyiwe kwigridi, ngoko ke imveliso yamandla e-PV izimele
ukusetyenziswa kwamandla wendawo.
6. Ukubala ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye-PV ngaphandle kwegrid
6.1 Amagalelo ezibalo zePV engekho kwigridi
PVGIS 5.3 idinga ulwazi oluthile kumsebenzisi ukwenza ubalo lwamandla e-PV imveliso.
La magalelo achazwe koku kulandelayo:
incopho amandla
La mandla abhengezwa ngumvelisi ukuba uluhlu lwePV lunokuvelisa phantsi komgangatho
iimeko zovavanyo, eziyi-1000W rhoqo zokukhanya kwelanga kwimitha yesikwere kwinqwelomoya
ye
uluhlu, kwiqondo lobushushu boluhlu lwama-25°C. Amandla aphezulu kufuneka angenwe
iwatt-peak
(Wp).
Qaphela umahluko kwigridi edityanisiweyo kunye nezibalo zePV zokulandelela apho eli xabiso
yi
kucingelwa ukuba kwi kWp. Ukuba awuwazi amandla achaziweyo encopho yeemodyuli zakho kodwa endaweni yoko
yazi indawo yeemodyuli kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa (ngepesenti), unako
bala amandla aphezulu njengamandla = indawo * ukusebenza kakuhle / 100. Bona ingcaciso engaphezulu kwi-FAQ.
umthamo
Lo bubungakanani, okanye umthamo wamandla, webhetri esetyenziswa kwisixokelelwano esingaphandle kwegridi, elinganiswa ngayo
iiyure ze-watt (Wh). Ukuba endaweni yoko uyawazi amandla ombane ebhetri (yithi, 12V) kunye nomthamo webhetri ngaphakathi
Ah, umthamo wamandla unokubalwa njenge-energycapacity=voltage*umthamo.
Umthamo kufuneka ube ngumthamo wegama ukusuka ekutshajisweni ngokupheleleyo ukuya ekukhutshweni ngokupheleleyo, nokuba i
Inkqubo isetelwe ukukhupha ibhetri phambi kokuba ikhutshwe ngokupheleleyo (jonga ukhetho olulandelayo).
umda wokunqunyulwa
Iibhetri, ngakumbi iibhetri ze-lead-acid, zithobisa ngokukhawuleza ukuba zivunyelwe ngokupheleleyo
ukukhupha rhoqo kakhulu. Ngoko ke isithintelo siyasetyenziswa ukuze intlawulo yebhetri ingabikho ngaphantsi
a
ipesenti ethile yentlawulo epheleleyo. Oku kufuneka kufakwe apha. Ixabiso elimiselweyo yi 40%
(ehambelana neteknoloji yebhetri ye-lead-acid). Kwiibhetri ze-Li-ion umsebenzisi unokuseta esezantsi
Ukusikwa umz. 20%. Ukusetyenziswa ngosuku
ngokwe usuku
Oku kukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuzo zonke izixhobo zombane eziqhagamshelwe kwinkqubo ngexesha
iiyure ezingama-24. PVGIS 5.3 ithatha ukuba oku kusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla kuyasasazwa
ngokucacileyo phezu
iiyure zemini, ezihambelana nokusetyenziswa kwesiqhelo kwekhaya kunye noninzi lwe
ukusetyenziswa ngexesha
ngokuhlwa. Iqhezu leyure losetyenziso olucingelwayo PVGIS
5.3
iboniswe ngezantsi kunye nedatha
ifayile iyafumaneka apha.
ukusetyenziswa
idatha
Ukuba uyazi ukuba iprofayile yokusetyenziswa yahlukile kuleyo engagqibekanga (jonga ngasentla) onayo
ukhetho lokulayisha eyakho. Ulwazi lokusetyenziswa kweyure kwifayile ye-CSV elayishiwe
kufuneka ibe namaxabiso eyure ezingama-24, ngalinye kumgca walo. Amaxabiso kwifayile kufuneka abe yi
iqhezu lokusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla okwenzeka kwiyure nganye, kunye nenani lamanani
ilingana no-1. Iprofayile yokusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla kufuneka ichazwe ngexesha eliqhelekileyo lendawo,
ngaphandle
uqwalaselo logcino lwemini xa lufanelekile kwindawo. Ifomathi iyafana ne
i
ifayile yosetyenziso olungagqibekanga.
6.3 Ukubala iziphumo zezibalo ze-PV ezingaphandle kwegridi
PVGIS ibala imveliso yamandla ephuma kwigridi yePV ithathela ingqalelo ilanga ngemitha yeyure nganye kwithuba leminyaka eliqela. Ubalo lwenziwa kwi amanyathelo alandelayo:
Ngeyure nganye ubale i-radiation yelanga kwimodyuli ye-PV kunye ne-PV ehambelanayo
amandla
Ukuba amandla e-PV makhulu kunosetyenziso lwamandla ngaloo yure, gcina ukuphumla
ye
amandla ebhetri.
Ukuba ibhetri igcwele, bala amandla "imoshakala" oko kukuthi amandla e-PV angakwazi
kuba
ayityiwa kwaye ayigcinwanga.
Ukuba ibhetri iyaphelelwa, bala amandla angekhoyo uze wongeze usuku ekubaleni
ye
iintsuku apho inkqubo iphelelwe ngamandla.
Iziphumo zesixhobo sePV esingaphandle kwegridi siquka amaxabiso eenkcukacha-manani zonyaka kunye neegrafu zenyanga.
amaxabiso okusebenza kwenkqubo.
Kukho iigrafu ezintathu zenyanga ezahlukeneyo:
I-avareji yenyanga yemveliso yamandla yemihla ngemihla kunye nomndilili wemihla ngemihla wamandla angekhoyo
ibanjwe kuba ibhetri yagcwala
Ubalo lwenyanga lokuba ibhetri izele okanye ingabi nanto kaninzi emini.
I-Histogram yeenkcukacha-manani zentlawulo yebhetri
Ezi zifikelelwa ngamaqhosha:
Nceda uqaphele oku kulandelayo ukutolika iziphumo ezingaphandle kwegridi:
i) PVGIS 5.3 yenza zonke izibalo zeyure
nge
yure
ngexesha elipheleleyo
uchungechunge lwelanga
idatha yemitha esetyenzisiweyo. Umzekelo, ukuba usebenzisa PVGIS-SARAH2
uya kusebenza kunye ne-15
iminyaka data. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, imveliso yePV i
kuqikelelwa.ngeyure nganye ukusuka kwi
ifumene i-irradiance engaphakathi kwenqwelomoya. La mandla ahamba
ngqo kwi
umthwalo kwaye ukuba kukho i
ukugqithisa, la mandla ongezelelweyo uya kuhlawulisa i
ibhetri.
Kwimeko apho imveliso ye-PV yaloo yure ingaphantsi kokusetyenziswa, amandla alahlekileyo aya kuthi
kuba
ithathwe ebhetrini.
Ngalo lonke ixesha (iyure) apho imeko yebhetri ifikelela kwi-100%, PVGIS 5.3
yongeza usuku olunye ekubaleni iintsuku xa ibhetri igcwele. Oku ke kusetyenziselwa
qikelela
i% yeentsuku xa ibhetri igcwele.
ii) Ukongeza kwi-avareji yamaxabiso amandla angafakwanga
ngokuba
yebhetri epheleleyo okanye
ye
umndilili wamandla ulahlekile, kubalulekile ukujonga amaxabiso enyanga ka-Ed kunye
E_ilahlekile_njenge
bazisa malunga nendlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo yebhetri yePV.
Umyinge wemveliso yamandla ngosuku (Ed): amandla aveliswa yinkqubo yePV eya kwi
umthwalo, hayi ngokuthe ngqo. Isenokuba ibigcinwe ebhetrini emva koko isetyenziswe yi
umthwalo. Ukuba inkqubo ye-PV inkulu kakhulu, ubuninzi buxabiso lokusetyenziswa komthwalo.
I-avareji yamandla ayibanjwa ngosuku (E_lost_d): amandla aveliswa yinkqubo yePV eyi
ilahlekile
kuba umthwalo ungaphantsi kwemveliso yePV. La mandla akanakugcinwa kwi
ibhetri, okanye ukuba igciniwe ayinakusetyenziswa yimithwalo njengoko sele igqunyiwe.
Umdibaniso wezi ziguquko zimbini ziyafana nokuba ezinye iiparamitha ziyatshintsha. Kuphela
ixhomekeke
kumthamo wePV ofakiweyo. Umzekelo, ukuba umthwalo ube ngu-0, i-PV iyonke
imveliso
iya kuboniswa njenge "amandla awabanjwanga". Nokuba umthamo webhetri uyatshintsha,
kwaye
ezinye iinguqu zilungisiwe, isixa sezo parameters zimbini asitshintshi.
iii) Ezinye iiparamitha
Ipesenti yeentsuku ezinebhetri epheleleyo: amandla e-PV angasetyenziswanga ngumthwalo aya kwi
ibhetri, kwaye inokuzala
Ipesenti yeentsuku ezinebhetri engenanto: iintsuku apho ibhetri iphela ingenanto
(okt kwi
umda wokukhupha), njengoko inkqubo ye-PV ivelise amandla amancinci kunomthwalo
"I-avareji yamandla ayibanjwanga ngenxa yebhetri epheleleyo" ibonisa ukuba angakanani amandla ePV
ilahlekile
kuba umthwalo ugqunyiwe kwaye ibhetri igcwele. Lumlinganiselo wawo onke amandla
ilahlekile phezu kwe
ixesha elipheleleyo (E_lost_d) lahlulahlulwe ngenani leentsuku ezifumana ibhetri
ngokupheleleyo
ityala.
"Amandla aphakathi alahlekile" ngamandla angekhoyo, ngengqiqo yokuba ngumthwalo
andinako
kudibana nokuba yiPV okanye ibhetri. Lumlinganiselo wamandla angekhoyo
(Ukusetyenziswa-Ed) kuzo zonke iintsuku kuthotho lwexesha lahlulwe ngenani leentsuku zebhetri
ifumana ingenanto, oko kukuthi, ifikelela kumda wokukhutshwa okumiselweyo.
iv) Ukuba isayizi yebhetri yonyusiwe kwaye yonke ibhetri
inkqubo
uhlala
okufanayo, i
umndilili
amandla alahlekileyo aya kuncipha njengoko ibhetri inokugcina amandla amaninzi anokusetyenziswa
ngenxa
i
imithwalo kamva. Kwakhona umyinge wamandla olahlekileyo uyancipha. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kubakho a
inqaku
apho la maxabiso aqala khona ukunyuka. Njengoko ubungakanani bebhetri busanda, ngakumbi iPV
amandla
unako
zigcinwe kwaye zisetyenziselwe imithwalo kodwa kuya kuba mbalwa iintsuku xa ibhetri ifumana
ngokupheleleyo
ihlawuliswa, inyusa ixabiso lomlinganiselo “i-avareji yamandla ayibanjwanga”.
Ngokufanayo, apho
iya kuba, iyonke, amandla amancinci alahlekileyo, njengoko ngaphezulu kunokugcinwa, kodwa
Pha
liya kuba lincinci inani
yeentsuku xa ibhetri ingenamntu, ngoko ke amandla aphakathi alahlekile
ukwanda.
v) Ukuze wazi ngokwenene ukuba angakanani amandla abonelelwa yi-
PV
inkqubo yebhetri kwi
imithwalo, umntu unokusebenzisa umndilili wenyanga wamaxabiso we-Ed. Phinda-phinda nganye nganye ngenani le
iintsuku kwi
inyanga kunye nenani leminyaka (khumbula ukuqwalasela leap iminyaka!). Iyonke
imiboniso
Njani
amandla amaninzi aya kumthwalo (ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo ngebhetri). Enjalo
inkqubo
unako
zisetyenziselwa ukubala ukuba angakanani amandla alahlekileyo, kukhunjulwa ukuba
umndilili
amandla hayi
kuthatyathwa kwaye kulahlekile kubalwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo inani leentsuku
ibhetri ufumana
ngokupheleleyo
ihlawuliswe okanye ayinanto ngokulandelelanayo, hayi inani lilonke leentsuku.
vi) Ngelixa kwisixokelelwano sothungelwano lwegridi siphakamisa ukusilela
ixabiso
kwiilahleko zenkqubo
ye-14%, singenzi’t ukunika olo tshintsho njengegalelo kubasebenzisi ukuguqulela i
uqikelelo
yenkqubo ye-off-grid. Kule meko, sisebenzisa ixabiso umlinganiselo wokusebenza we
i
ngokupheleleyo
inkqubo ye-off-grid ye-0.67. Oku kunokuba luqikelelo olulondolozayo, kodwa lujongwe
ukuya
ziquka
ilahleko evela ekusebenzeni kwebhetri, i-inverter kunye nokuthotywa kwe
ezahlukeneyo
amacandelo enkqubo
7. Idatha yomndilili wenyanga wemitha yelanga
Le thebhu ivumela umsebenzisi ukuba abone kwaye akhuphele idatha ye-avareji yenyanga yemitha yelanga kunye
iqondo lobushushu kwisithuba seminyaka emininzi.
Iinketho zegalelo kwithebhu yenyanga yemitha
Umsebenzisi kufuneka aqale akhethe unyaka wokuqala kunye nokuphela kwemveliso. Zikhona ke
a
inani leenketho zokukhetha ukuba yeyiphi idata ukubalwa
imitha
Eli xabiso sisixa-mali senyanga samandla emitha yelanga abetha isikwere seemitha a
inqwelomoya ethe tyaba, elinganiswa nge-kWh/m2.
imitha
Eli xabiso sisixa-mali senyanga samandla emitha yelanga abetha isikweri seemitha senqwelomoya
esoloko ijonge kwicala lelanga, ilinganiswa nge-kWh/m2, kuquka nemitha yemitha kuphela
ukufika ngqo kwidiski yelanga.
iradiation, ilungile
i-engile
Eli xabiso sisixa-mali senyanga samandla emitha yelanga abetha isikweri seemitha senqwelomoya
ijonge kwicala le-ikhweyitha, kwi-engile yokuthambekela enika owona nyaka uphakamileyo
imitha, elinganiswa nge-kWh/m2.
ukukhanya,
i-engile ekhethiweyo
Eli xabiso sisixa-mali senyanga samandla emitha yelanga abetha isikweri seemitha senqwelomoya
ijonge kwicala le-ikhweyitha, kwi-engile yotyekelo ekhethwe ngumsebenzisi, ilinganiswe ngaphakathi
kWh/m2.
kwihlabathi jikelele
imitha
Iqhezu elikhulu lemitha yemitha efika emhlabeni aliveli ngqo elangeni kodwa
ngenxa yokusasazeka emoyeni (isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza) amafu kunye nenkungu. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi-diffuse
imitha yemitha.Eli nani linika iqhezu lemitha yemitha iyonke efika emhlabeni
ngenxa yokusasazeka kwemitha.
Ukukhutshwa kwemitha yenyanga
Iziphumo zenyanga zokubala ngemitha ziboniswa kuphela njengeegrafu, nangona i
amaxabiso afakwe kwitheyibhile anokukhutshelwa kwi-CSV okanye kwifomathi yePDF.
Kukho ukuya kwiigrafu ezintathu ezahlukeneyo
eziboniswa ngokunqakraza kumaqhosha:
Umsebenzisi unokucela iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokhetho lwemitha yelanga. Zonke ezi ziya kuba
iboniswe kwi
igrafu efanayo. Umsebenzisi unokufihla igophe elinye okanye ngaphezulu kwigrafu ngokunqakraza kwi
iintsomi.
8. Idatha yeprofayili yemitha yemihla ngemihla
Esi sixhobo sivumela umsebenzisi ukuba abone kwaye akhuphele umndilili weprofayili yemihla ngemihla yemitha yelanga kunye nomoya
ubushushu benyanga ethile. Iprofayile ibonisa indlela imitha yelanga (okanye ubushushu)
utshintsho ukusuka kwiyure ukuya kwiyure ngokomndilili.
Iinketho zongeniso kwiprofayile yemihla ngemihla yemitha
Umsebenzisi kufuneka akhethe inyanga yokubonisa. Kuguqulelo lwenkonzo yewebhu yesi sixhobo
ikwanjalo
kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane zonke iinyanga ezili-12 ngomyalelo omnye.
Isiphumo sokubala kweprofayili yemihla ngemihla ngamaxabiso angama-24 ngeyure. Ezi zinokuboniswa
njenge
umsebenzi wexesha kwixesha le-UTC okanye njengexesha kwindawo yexesha lendawo. Qaphela ukuba ukukhanya kwemini yasekuhlaleni
ukugcina
ixesha AKUHLANGANISWA.
Idatha enokuboniswa iwela kwiindidi ezintathu:
I-Irradiance kwinqwelomoya esisigxina Ngolu khetho ufumana i-global, ngqo, kunye nokusasaza
iradiance
iiprofayili zemitha yelanga kwinqwelomoya esisigxina, kunye ne-slope kunye ne-azimuth ekhethiweyo
ngumsebenzisi.
Ngokuzithandela unokubona iprofayile ye-irradiance ecacileyo
(ixabiso lethiyori
ngenxa
ukurhawuzelelwa kokungabikho kwamafu).
I-Irradiance kwinqwelomoya yokulandelela ilanga Ngolu khetho ufumana i-global, ngqo, kunye
sasaza
Iiprofayili ze-irradiance zemitha yelanga kwinqwelomoya ehlala ijongene kwi
indlela ye
ilanga (elilingana nokhetho lwe-axis ezimbini ekulandeleni
izibalo zePV). Ngokuzithandela unako
ubone kwakhona iprofayili ye-irradiance ecacileyo
(ixabiso lethiyori ye-irradiance kwi
ukungabikho kwamafu).
Ubushushu Olu khetho lukunika umyinge wenyanga wobushushu bomoya
ngeyure nganye
ngexesha lasemini.
Imveliso yeprofayili yemihla ngemihla ye-radiation tab
Ngokuphathelele ithebhu yemitha yenyanga, umsebenzisi angabona kuphela imveliso njengeegrafu, nangona i
iitafile
yamaxabiso inokukhutshelwa kwi CSV, json okanye ifomathi yePDF. Umsebenzisi uyakhetha
phakathi kwesithathu
iigrafu ngokunqakraza kumaqhosha afanelekileyo:
9. Imitha yelanga yeyure kunye nedatha yePV
Idatha yemitha yelanga esetyenziswa yi PVGIS 5.3 iqulathe ixabiso elinye ngeyure nganye ngaphezulu
a
ixesha leminyaka emininzi. Esi sixhobo sinika ukufikelela komsebenzisi kwimixholo epheleleyo yelanga
imitha
database. Ukongeza, umsebenzisi unokucela ukubalwa kwemveliso yamandla ePV nganye
yure
ngexesha elikhethiweyo.
9.1 Iinketho zegalelo kwimitha yeyure nePV ithebhu yamandla
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezifanayo kuBalo lwenkqubo ye-PV edityanisiweyo yegridi
njengoko
kakuhle
njengezixhobo zokusebenza zenkqubo yePV yokulandela umkhondo. Kwisixhobo seyure kunokwenzeka ukuba
khetha
phakathi
inqwelomoya esisigxina kunye nenkqubo yenqwelomoya yokulandela umkhondo. Ngenqwelomoya esisigxina okanye i
ukulandelwa kwe-axis enye
i
Ukuthambeka kufuneka kunikwe ngumsebenzisi okanye i-engile yeslope ephuculweyo kufuneka
konyulwa.
Ngaphandle kohlobo lokunyuka kunye nolwazi malunga nee-angles, umsebenzisi kufuneka
khetha eyokuqala
kwaye kunyaka ophelileyo idatha yeyure.
Ngokungagqibekanga imveliso iqulathe i-irradiance yehlabathi jikelele. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye ezimbini
iinketho zemveliso yedatha:
Amandla ePV Ngolu khetho, kwakhona amandla enkqubo yePV enohlobo olukhethiweyo lokulandela umkhondo
iya kubalwa. Kule meko, ulwazi malunga nenkqubo ye-PV kufuneka inikwe, njengokuba kunjalo
ngenxa
ubalo lwePV oluqhagamshelwe kwigridi
Amacandelo emitha Ukuba olu khetho lukhethiwe, kwakhona ngokuthe ngqo, ukusabalalisa kunye nokubonakaliswa komhlaba
iindawo zemitha yelanga ziya kuphuma.
Ezi zimbini zikhetho zinokukhethwa kunye okanye ngokwahlukeneyo.
9.2 Imveliso ye-radiation yeyure kunye nethebhu yamandla e-PV
Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izixhobo kwi PVGIS 5.3, kwidatha yeyure kukho kuphela ukhetho lwe
iyakhuphela
idatha kwi-CSV okanye kwifomathi ye-json. Oku kungenxa yesixa esikhulu sedatha (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-16
iminyaka ngeyure
values), oko kuya kwenza kube nzima kwaye kudle ixesha ukubonisa idatha njenge
iigrafu. Ifomathi
yefayile yemveliso ichazwe apha.
9.3 Qaphela kwi PVGIS Izitampu zeXesha leDatha
Amaxabiso ngeyure ye-irradiance ye PVGIS-SARAH1 kunye PVGIS-SARAH2
iiseti zedatha zifunyenwe
ukusuka kuhlalutyo lwemifanekiso evela kwi-geostationary yaseYurophu
iisathelayithi. Nangona, ezi
Iisathelayithi zithatha umfanekiso ongaphezulu kwesinye ngeyure, sigqibe kwelokuba kuphela
sebenzisa umfanekiso omnye ngeyure
kwaye ubonelele ngexabiso elingoko nangoko. Ngoko ke, ixabiso le-irradiance
inikezelwe kwi PVGIS 5.3 Ingaba i
irradiance kwangoko ngexesha elibonisiweyo
i
isitampu sexesha. Kwaye nangona sisenza
ukucinga ukuba elo xabiso le-irradiance kwangoko
ingaba
ibe lixabiso eliphakathi lalo yure, ngo
Inyani yi-irradiance ngalo mzuzu kanye.
Umzekelo, ukuba amaxabiso e-irradiance aku-HH:10, ukulibaziseka kwemizuzu eli-10 kuvela
isathelayithi esetyenzisiweyo kunye nendawo. Isitampu sexesha kwiiseti zedatha zeSARAH lixesha apho i
isathelayithi “ubona” indawo ethile, ngoko isitampu sexesha siyakutshintsha nge
indawo kunye ne
isathelayithi esetyenzisiweyo. Kwiisathelayithi zeMeteosat Prime (ezigubungela iYurophu kunye neAfrika ukuya
40deg East), idatha
zivela kwiisathelayithi ze-MSG kunye ne "yinyani" ixesha liyahluka ukusuka ngeenxa zonke
5 imizuzu emva kweyure
Emazantsi eAfrika ukuya kwimizuzu eli-12 kuMntla Yurophu. YeMeteosat
Iisathelayithi zaseMpuma, i "yinyani"
ixesha iyahluka ukusuka malunga 20 imizuzu phambi kweyure ukuya
kanye phambi kweyure xa usuka
Emazantsi ukuya eMntla. Kwiindawo eMelika, i-NSRDB
idatabase, nayo efunyenwe kuyo
iimodeli ezisekwe kwisathelayithi, isitampu sexesha sihlala sikhona
HH:00.
Ukufumana idatha evela kwiimveliso zokuhlaziya (ERA5 kunye ne-COSMO), ngenxa yendlela i-irradiance eqikelelwayo
zibaliwe, amaxabiso ngeyure yi-avareji yexabiso le-irradiance eqikelelwa kuloo yure.
I-ERA5 ibonelela ngamaxabiso kwi-HH:30, igxile kakhulu kwiyure, ngelixa i-COSMO ibonelela ngeyure.
amaxabiso ekuqaleni kweyure nganye. Izinto eziguquguqukayo ngaphandle kwemitha yelanga, njenge-ambient
iqondo lobushushu okanye isantya somoya, zikwaxelwa njengamaxabiso aphakathi kweyure.
Ngedatha yeyure usebenzisa enye ye PVGIS-SARAH yogcino-lwazi, isitampu sexesha sisodwa
ye
idatha ye-irradiance kunye nezinye iinguqu, ezivela kwi-reanalysis, zixabiso
ehambelana naloo yure.
10. Idatha yoNyaka weMeteorological (TMY) oqhelekileyo
Olu khetho luvumela umsebenzisi ukuba akhuphele iseti yedatha equlethe uNyaka oNxibeleleyo weMeteorological
(TMY) yedatha. Isethi yedatha iqulethe idatha yeyure yezi ziguquko zilandelayo:
Umhla kunye nexesha
I-irradiance yehlabathi jikelele
I-irradiance eqhelekileyo
Ukusasaza irradiance ethe tye
Uxinzelelo lomoya
Ubushushu bebhalbhu eyomileyo (2m ubushushu)
Isantya somoya
Indlela yomoya (izidanga ukusuka emantla ukuya ngasekunene)
Ubuntu bezizalwane
Ilanga elide lokuhla kwemitha ye-infrared
Isethi yedatha yenziwe ngokukhetha inyanga nganye kakhulu "eqhelekileyo" inyanga ngaphandle
ye
ixesha elipheleleyo elikhoyo umz. iminyaka eli-16 (2005-2020) ye PVGIS-SARAH2.
Izinto eziguquguqukayo ezisetyenziselwa uku
khetha inyanga eqhelekileyo yi-global irradiance ethe tye, umoya
ubushushu, kunye nokufuma okuhambelanayo.
10.1 Iinketho zongeniso kwi TMY thebhu
Isixhobo se-TMY sinokhetho olulodwa kuphela, oluyisiseko sedatha ye-radiation yelanga kunye nexesha elihambelanayo
ixesha elisetyenziselwa ukubala i-TMY.
10.2 Iinketho zemveliso kwi TMY thebhu
Kuyenzeka ukubonisa enye yemimandla ye-TMY njengegrafu, ngokukhetha indawo efanelekileyo
kwi
imenyu eyehlayo kwaye ucofe ku "Jonga".
Kukho iifomati zemveliso ezintathu ezikhoyo: ifomathi ye-CSV eqhelekileyo, ifomathi ye-json kunye ne-EPW
(EnergyPlus Weather) ifomathi ilungele isoftware ye-EnergyPlus esetyenziswa ekwakheni amandla
izibalo zokusebenza. Le fomati yamva ngokobuchwepheshe ikwayi-CSV kodwa yaziwa njengefomathi ye-EPW
(ulwandiso lwefayile .epw).
Ngokuphathelele amaxesha kwiifayile ze-TMY, nceda uqaphele
Kwiifayile ze.csv kunye ne.json, isitampu sexesha nguHH:00, kodwa amaxabiso eengxelo ahambelana
PVGIS-SARAH (HH: MM) okanye ERA5 (HH: 30) izitampu zamaxesha
Kwiifayile ze-epw, ifomathi ifuna ukuba inguqu nganye ixelwe njengexabiso
ehambelana nemali kwiyure eyandulela ixesha elibonisiweyo. I PVGIS
.epw
uthotho lwedatha luqala ngo-01:00, kodwa lixela amaxabiso afanayo nalawo
i.csv kunye neefayile zejson kwi
00:00.
Ulwazi oluninzi malunga nefomati yedatha yemveliso ifumaneka apha.