PVGIS Solallar Paris: yerekezerani Photovoltaic yanu
Paris ndi a Île-de-de-france imayimira kwambiri nthawi zambiri kuthekera kwa helar. Ndi maola opitilira 1,750 a dzuwa ndi nyumba zoweta pachaka, likulu limapereka mwayi wapadera kwa Phopvoltaics, kwa aliyense payekhapayekha.
Dziwani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito PVGIS Pofuna kuwunika molondola zokolola za pariian ndikusintha padenga lanu kukhala gwero la ndalama ndi ndalama.
Kuthekera kwamphamvu kwa Paris
Kodi Paris ndioyeneradi Photovoltaics?
Mosiyana ndi zikhulupiriro zofananira, Paris ali ndi kuwala kokwanira kokwanira kuti apange kukhazikitsa dzuwa kopindulitsa. Zokolola zambiri mu île-de-frace zimafika 1,000 kwh / kwp / chaka, kulola kukhazikitsa malo atatu a kwp kuti mupange 3,000-31,300 kwh pachaka.
Kufanizira kwa chigawo: pomwe Paris imatulutsa 15-20% yochepera
Nkhano
kapena
Mamilille
, kusiyana kumeneku kumatha chifukwa cha zinthu zina zabwino zachuma.
NKHANI ZONSE ZOSAVUTA KWA PARISIAN
Mitengo yamagetsi yayikulu:
Parissia amalipira pakati pa mitengo yapamwamba kwambiri ku France. KWH iliyonse yopangidwa ndi kwh imayimira kupulumutsa kwa € 0.22-0.25, kudzipangitsa kudzipanga kukhala kopindulitsa kwambiri ngakhale ndi dzuwa.
Chuma Cha Chuma:
Mu msika wolimba wa nyumba monga Paris, mawonekedwe a Photovoltac amakulitsa mtengo wanu ndikuwongolera satifiketi yanu yogwiritsira ntchito (DPE). Katundu wofunika kwambiri mukamayamba.
Chigawo Chachikulu:
Chigawo cha île-de-france chimathandizira kusintha kwa mphamvu ndi ndalama zapadera ndi zolinga zokonda zopanga mphamvu zakumatauni.
Sinthani zopanga zanu ku Paris
Ogwilizitsa PVGIS Mu nkhani ya Paris
Matawuni
Ogwilizitsa PVGIS Ku Paris kumafuna chisamaliro pazinthu zingapo zamatawuni.
Kusanthula Mwachidule:
Chomwe chimayambitsa kwambiri likulu. Nyumba zamakono, nsanja zamakono, ndi mitengo yamsewu zimapanga masks oyendetsa ndege. PVGIS Imakupatsani mwayi kuti mulumikiza misemphayi kuti iyerekeze kukhalapo, koma alendo atsala amakhalabe.
Kuwonongeka kwa mpweya:
Mpweya wa parissia umasokoneza pang'ono. PVGIS imaphatikizira izi pakuwerengera kwake kutengera miyeso yakale ya satellite. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zopanda pake (1-2% zotayika).
Phirictics Micro-
Paris zoyenera kuchokera ku mathiraki a ku Ciotch Island. Kutentha kwambiri pang'onopang'ono kumachepetsa Panel Panel (-0.4 mpaka -0.5% pamlingo pa 25 ° C), koma PVGIS imangosintha kuwerengera kumeneku.
Kusintha koyenera kwa pariande
Kusankhidwa kwa tsamba:
Pezani adilesi yanu PVGIS. Paris
Magawo oyang'anira:
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Zoyenera kutsata: Kum'mwera koyenera kumakhalabe kosavuta, koma ku Paris, zopinga za zomangamanga nthawi zambiri zimafunikira kunyengerera. Kumwera chakum'mawa kapena kumwera chakumadzulo kumasungabe 88-92% yopanga kwambiri.
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Madenga akum'mawa-a West: M'mala ena a Parissia, kukhazikitsa kumadzulo-kumadzulo kungakhale kwanzeru. Imapanga mosalala tsiku lonse, zabwino zodzisamwa ndi mabanja omwe ali ndi kufalikira. PVGIS amalola kuti azitsatira makonzedwe awa.
Talt:
Madenga wamba a Parissia (zinc, makina oyenda) nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malo otsetsereka a 35-45 °, wokwera pang'ono kuposa wokhathamira (30-32 ° ku Paris). Kuchepetsa kopanga sikunathe (2-3%). Padenga lathyathyathya, chisomo 15-20 ° kuti lichepetse kuwonekera kwa mitanda.
Matekinoloje osinthidwa:
Mapulogalamu akuda a monocrystalline amalimbikitsidwa ku Paris ku Paris kwa onyenga awo, makamaka m'malo otetezedwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo bwino kumalipiritsa kwa malo ocheperako okhala ndi madera.
Zoyenda Zowongolera Paris
Zotetezedwa ndi zipilala zakale
Paris ili ndi zipilala zoposa 200 komanso magawo otetezedwa. Omangidwa des Bertimes de France (ABF) iyenera kutsimikizira ntchito yanu ngati muli mkati mwa magawo 500 a chipilala cholembedwa.
Malangizo a Abf Kuvomerezedwa:
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Tsegulani mapanelo akuda (mawonekedwe osafanana)
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Sankhani zithunzi zokhala ndi zithunzi (bipv) m'malo mokhazikika padenga
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Chikuwonetsa kudzera PVGIS kuti masinthidwe omwe akukonzekera
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Perekani zojambula zomwe zikuwonetsa kuzindikira
Nthawi zonse:
Kuwunikira kwa Abf kumawonjezera njira yanu yoyambira pofika 2-3 miyezi. Ganizirani izi pokonzekera ntchito yanu.
Dongosolo la Urban
Matayala aku Paris amakhazikitsa malamulo okhwima pomanga mawonekedwe akunja. Masamba a dzuwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ovomerezeka koma ayenera kukumana ndi zinthu zina:
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Kugwirizanitsa ndi malo otsetsereka omwe alipo
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Mitundu yakuda amakonda
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Palibe kutulutsa mzere wa Ringge
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Kuphatikiza kulumikizana ndi zomangamanga zomwe zilipo
Nkhani Yabwino: Kuyambira 2020, kudzola kumalimbikitsa mwapadera ngati gawo la mapulani a nyengo.
Makondomu a Parissia
85% ya Parissia amakhala ku manondomuum, kuwonjezera oyang'anira:
Chilolezo cha Msonkhano Wapakati:
Pulojekiti yanu iyenera kuvota mu ga. Ambiri osavuta nthawi zambiri amakhala okwanira malo achinsinsi (padeoft pamtunda wapamwamba). Kwa madera wamba, ambiri amafunikira.
Ntchito zophatikizira zodzikongoletsera:
Makondomu ochulukirapo komanso ochulukirapo akuyambitsa ntchito zophatikizika. Magetsi opangidwa amagawidwa m'magawo ndi madera wamba. Ntchito zovuta izi zimafunikira kuyerekezera zotsogola kwambiri kuti zikhale bwino komanso zopindulitsa kwa eni ake.
Mitundu ya Kukhazikitsa kwa Parissia
Nyumba zokhala ndi Haussmannian (50% yakumanga kwa Paris)
Makhalidwe:
Madenga a zinc zinc (38-45 °), zosinthika zokhudzana ndi misewu yamm wamsewu, nthawi zambiri kumpoto chakumwera-kumwera kwa Haussmannian Paris.
Pamaso:
Nthawi zambiri 80-150 mmu kwa nyumba yomanga, kulola kukhazikitsa kwa 12-25 kwp.
PVGIS Zojambula:
Chimneys, antennas, ndi mawonekedwe a padenga amapanga zithunzi. Nyumba zokhala ndi zida zofananira, zofananira ndizochepa koma kuwonekera kumadalira kwambiri.
Kupanga:
12,000-25,000 KWH / Chaka cha padenga lathunthu, chophimba 30-50% ya zofala zofala zofala (okwera, kuyatsa, kuphatikiza).
Nyumba zamakono ndi nsanja
Madenga athyathyathya:
Zabwino kwa kuyika kwa chimango ndi mawonekedwe oyenera. Nthawi zambiri malo akuluakulu (200-1,000 m²) amalola kukhazikitsa kwa 3-150 kwp.
Ubwino:
Palibe Chipwirikitirotion Constint, Kutsanzira Kotheka Kusintha PVGIS kupeza njira yabwino kwambiri. Kukonzanso kukonzanso.
Kupanga:
Kumanga ofesi ya Patiian ndi 50 Kwp kumabweretsa pafupifupi 50,000-5,000 kwh / chaka, kuphimba 15-25% ya kumwa kwake kutengera mbiri yokhazikika.
Nyumba za mabanja amodzi ku Spefary
Nyumba zam'madzi m'munsi mkati ndi kunja (92-95) zimapereka zabwino kuposa momwe paris:
Zochepa pang'ono:
Malo owonjezereka, ofesa pang'ono
Pamaso:
20-40, Rooffop
Kupanga:
3-6 kwp kupanga 3,000-600 kwh / chaka
Kudzikana:
50-65% Mulingo ndi Mapulogalamu
Kukula kofanana ndi mapesi a peri-mapesi, PVGIS Zambiri zimakhala zodalirika kwambiri chifukwa zimakhudzidwa ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa mathithi a urban.
Maphunziro a milandu ya Parissia
Mlandu 1: Nyumba Yapamwamba Kwambiri - 11th Intertament
Mbali:
Khola lapansi la pansi lomwe likufuna kukhazikitsa ma panels pamalo awo padenga.
Kusintha:
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Pamwamba: 15 m
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Mphamvu: 2.4 Kwp (6 x 400 wp mapanelo)
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Kuzungulira: South-East (Azimuth 135 °)
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TILS: 40 ° (malo otsetsereka a zinc)
PVGIS Kufanizira:
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Kupanga pachaka: 2,500 kwh
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Zokolola Zapadera: 1,042 KWH / KWP
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Kupanga Peak: 310 kwh mu Julayi
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Zima yotsika: 95 kwh mu Disembala
Zachuma:
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Kugulitsa: € 6,200 (pambuyo poti kudzipereka)
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Kudzigwiritsa Ntchito: 55% (kupezeka kwakutali)
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Kusunga pachaka: € 375
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Bweretsani ndalama: Zaka 16.5 (nthawi yayitali koma zaka 25: € 3,100)
Kuphunzira:
Kukhazikitsa kambiri kwa Parissia kuli paphiri la phindu. Chidwi ndichabwino chazachuma ndi chilengedwe ndi malo omwe amathandizira.
Mlandu 2: Maofesi Ofesi - Nuuilly-Suine
Mbali:
Bizinesi Yabwino padenga lathyathyathya masana.
Kusintha:
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Pamwamba: 250 mu Modekha
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Mphamvu: 45 kwp
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Kuzungulira: Kumwera kwa South (Frime)
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TILT: 20 ° (ma urban olimbikitsidwa)
PVGIS Kufanizira:
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Kupanga pachaka: 46,800 kwh
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Zokolola zapadera: 1,040 kwh / kwp
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Chiwerengero chodzichitira nokha: 82% (Officege 8 AM-7PM)
KUSINTHA:
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Kugulitsa: € 85,000
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Zodzikongoletsera: 38,400 KWH KWH yasungidwa ku € 0.18 / kwh
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Ndalama Zapachaka: € 6,900
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Bweretsani ndalama: Zaka 12.3
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CSR yamtengo wapatali ndi kulumikizana kwamakampani
Kuphunzira:
Chigawo cha parishian chofananira ndi masana chimapereka mbiri yabwino kwambiri ya pocvovoltaic. Kupindula ndikwabwino ngakhale pali dzuwa wamba.
94: Nyumba Yokhala - Vantnnes (94)
Mbali:
Kunyumba limodzi-banja, banja la 4, lalikulu lamphamvu la kudziyimira pawokha.
Kusintha:
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Pamwamba: 28 m
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Mphamvu: 4.5 kwp
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Kuzungulira: South-West (Azimuth 225 °)
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TINDE: 35 °
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Batire: 5 kwh (posankha)
PVGIS Kufanizira:
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Kupanga pachaka: 4,730 kwh
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Zokolola Zapadera: 1,051 KWH / Kwp
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Popanda batri: 42%
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Ndi batri: 73% kudzipereka
KUSINTHA:
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Inventernament Yogulitsa: € 10,500
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Kugulitsa Batri: + € 6,500 (posankha)
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Kusunga pachaka popanda batri: € 610
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Kusunga pachaka ndi batire: € 960
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Roi Popanda Battery: Zaka 17.2
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Roi ndi Batri: Zaka 17.7 (sizikhala zosangalatsa kwambiri, koma zida zamagetsi)
Kuphunzira:
M'mabusa amkati, zinthu zikuyandikira kwambiri peri-urban. Battery imayenera kusankha okhawokha koma osati phindu lalifupi.
Kutha Kukhazikitsa Kwanu Kwa Paris PVGIS24
Zowonjezera Zaulere Zaulere M'matawuni
Kwaulere PVGIS Amapereka chiyerekezo choyambirira, koma cha ma sruadraints enieni nthawi zambiri amafunikira kusanthula kwakuya:
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Masks a Urbar Surks ndiovuta komanso ovuta kutsata popanda zida zapamwamba
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Mbiri Yodzigwiritsa Ntchito Valani malinga ndi mtundu wa malo (Office vs. okhala)
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Kusintha kwa magawo ambiri (magawo angapo a padenga) amafunikira kuwerengera
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Kusanthula zachuma kuyenera kuphatikiza njira zakumagetsi kwa Parisa (mitengo yamagetsi yayitali, ndalama zamagawo)
PVGIS24: Chida chaukadaulo cha Paris
Kwa okhazikitsa ndi makampani opanga uinjiniya omwe amagwira ntchito mu île-de-france, PVGIS24 Ukakhala wofunika:
Kasamalidwe ka magawo angapo:
Tchulani gawo lililonse pazenera losiyana (lofananira pa nyumba za Haussmannian) ndiye kuti muchepetse zokwanira.
Kusakanitsa nokha:
Phatikizani mafayilo apadera odyera (okhala m'tauni, Tertiary, malonda) kuti muwerengere mwatsatanetsatane kuchuluka kwa zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito komanso kuwulutsa.
Kusanthula Kwachuma:
Makasitomala a mitengo yamagetsi mu île-de-de-france (€ 0.22-0.25 / kwh), zipilala zapadera za chigawo, ndikupanga NPV / IRD
Malipoti a akatswiri:
Pangani zikalata zatsatanetsatane za PDF pa makasitomala anu a Parissia, ndikupanga ma graphs, kusanthula, kuwerengera kopindulitsa, komanso kufananiza. Zofunikira mukakumana ndi kasitomala wofunikira.
Nthawi Yopulumutsa:
Kwa okhazikitsa pa Parisiian akugwira ntchito 50+ pachaka, PVGIS24 Pro (€ 299 / chaka, 300 Credits) imayimira zosakwana € 1 pa kafukufuku. Nthawi yosungidwa pa kuwerengetsa kwamanja ndizofanana.
Ngati muli katswiri wa dzuwa ku Paris, PVGIS24 Imalimbitsa kukhulupirika kwanu ndikuthandizira malonda anu mukakumana ndi makasitomala omwe amakumana nawo bwino.
Peza PVGIS24 mapulani aluso
Kupeza Wokhazikitsa Oyenera ku Paris
Chitsimikizo ndi Ziyeneretso
REGE PREFVOLTAICC yofunika:
Popanda chitsimikizo ichi, chosatheka kupindula ndi zothandiza za boma. Yang'anani pa chikwatu cha France Rénov.
Zochita za Urban:
Wokhazikitsa zopinga za Parisiian (wovuta, kulumikizana, mapangano okhazikika a Typecan, ma kondominium) adzakhala othandiza kwambiri. Funsani zowerengera ku Paris ndi zamkati.
Inshuwaransi khumi:
Tsimikizani satifiketi ya inshuwaransi yapano. Zimakhala zofooka kwa zaka 10 atamaliza.
Kuyerekeza zolemba
Funsani 3-4 Quotes kuti afanane. Aliyense wokhazikitsa ayenera kupereka:
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Kupanga Kupanga Kuzikidwa PVGIS: Kusiyana kwa zopitilira 10% ndi zanu PVGIS kuwerengetsa kuyenera kukuchenjezani
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Chiyembekezo chodziwika bwino: chikuyenera kufanana ndi zomwe mumamwa
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Zida Zambiri: Mtundu wa Panel ndi Model, Munteverter, Arrices
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Kuphatikiza njira yoyang'anira: Chidziwitso choyambirira: Chidziwitso choyambirira, Contuel, kulumikizana kwa Enisa, kugwiritsa ntchito thandizo
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DZINA LATSOPANO: KUSINTHA, kutumiza, kuwunikira
Mtengo Wogulitsa Msika:
€ 2,200-3,000 / kwp okhazikitsidwa kukhala anthu (okwera pang'ono kuposa madera omwe akupezeka chifukwa chopezeka ndi ndalama).
Zizindikiro Zochenjeza
Chenjerani ndi Zaka Zankhanza:
Chithunzi cha Photovovoltaic chilipo, makamaka ku Paris. Osayina konse, pezani nthawi yofananiza.
Kupanga Koposa:
Ena ogulitsa alengeza zokolola zosatheka (>1,200 kwh / kwp ku Paris). Kukhulupilira PVGIS Zambiri zomwe zimayambira pafupifupi 1,000-1,100 kwh / kwp.
Kukokokomeza Kudzisamalira:
Mulingo wa 70-80% popanda batri womwe sungatheke kwa banja wamba. Khalani ozindikira (nthawi zambiri-55%).
Ndalama zachuma mu île-de-france
2025 Zothandizira National
Kudzisamalira (Kulipira Kwa Chaka 1):
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≤ 3 kwp: € 300 / kwp
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≤ 9 kwp: € 23 / kwp
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≤ 36 kwp: € 200 / kwp
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≤ 100 kwp: € 100 / kwp
Ntchito Yogula:
Edf amagula zochuluka pa € 0.13 / kwh (≤9kwp) kwa zaka 20.
Kuchepetsedwa VAT:
10% kukhazikitsa ≤3kWP pa nyumba >2 wazaka (20% kupitirira kapena kupanga kwatsopano).
Île-de-france zigonjetso zachigawo
Chigawo cha île-de-france nthawi zina chimapereka ndalama zina. Funsani nthawi zonse tsambalo kapena kulumikizana ndi mlangizi wa France Rénov kuti muphunzire za mapulogalamu apakapano.
Bonasi ya Idf eco-mphamvu (malinga ndi ndalama):
Imatha kuwonjezera € 500-1,500 kutengera zaka za bajeti.
Zothandiza
Midzi ina yamkati ndi kunja kupereka ndalama zowonjezera:
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Mzinda wa Paris: Pulogalamu yosinthika kutengera bajeti
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Isy-Les-Mouneoux, Montreuil, Vincennes: Othandizira Nthawi Zakanthawi
Funsani ku holo yanu ya tawuni kapena patsamba lanu la maboma.
Chitsanzo
3 kwp ku Paris (nyumba):
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Mtengo waukulu: € 8,100
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Kudzisamalira Kokha: - € 900
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Cee: - € 250
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Subsidy (ngati wokwanira): - € 500
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Mtengo wa Net: € 6,450
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Kusunga pachaka: € 400
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Bweretsani ndalama: Zaka 16
Chovala chingamveke ngati lalitali, koma zaka zopitilira zaka 25 zogwira ntchito, phindu la ukondewo limapitilira € 3,500 kuphatikiza pa katundu wowonjezera ndi zotsatira zabwino zachilengedwe.
MAFUNSO AMENE AMAFUNSA KWAMBIRI
Kodi ndizopindulitsa kuyika mapanelo ku Paris ndidzuwa kuposa kwina?
Inde, chifukwa mtengo wokwera wamagetsi mu île-de-france italipira kwambiri dzuwa. KWH iliyonse yomwe imapangidwa yokha imasunga € 0.22-0.25 motsutsana € 0.18-0.20 m'magawo. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yothandizira katundu ndiyofunika pamsika wolimba ngati Paris.
Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti mupeze chilolezo ku Paris?
Lolani miyezi 2-3 ya chilengezo chokhazikika chofananira, miyezi 4-6 ngati kuwunikira kwa ABF. Kukhazikitsa Kokha kumatenga masiku atatu. Kulumikizana kwa Enisa kumawonjezera miyezi 1-3. Zonse: Miyezi 4-12 malinga ndi zovuta zomwe zikuwongolera.
Kodi mapanelo amatha kuyikidwa m'magawo onse?
Inde, koma ndi zovuta zosiyana. Zigawo za Cle Central (1st-7) ndizongoyerekeza chifukwa cha zipilala zakale. Zigawo za Percheral (12th-20) zimapereka kusinthasintha kwambiri. Nthawi zonse, chilengezo choyambirira ndi chovomerezeka.
Kodi mapanelo amapirira kuwonongeka kwa Parissia?
Inde, mapanelo amakono adayesedwa kuti apirire madera akumatauni. Kuwonongeka pang'ono kumachepetsa marradiation (1-2%) koma sawononga ma module. Kutsuka pachaka kumakhala kokwanira, nthawi zambiri mwachilengedwe kuwonetsetsa ndi mvula padenga.
Kodi mungatani ngati kondomuyaum yanga imakana ntchito yanga?
Ngati muli pamwamba ndi nyumba zapakhomo, chilolezo cha kondomu simafunika (onani malamulo anu). M'malo ofala, polojekiti yosiyanasiyana yopindulitsa aliyense. Pezani zolimba PVGIS Phunzirani Kusonyeza Kupindulitsa pokopa Ga.
Kodi ndi malo ocheperako ophikira ku Paris?
Kuyambira 10-12 m² 1.5-2 kwp), kukhazikitsa kungakhale kopindulitsa kwa zaka 20-25. Pansipa izi, mtengo wokhazikika (kukhazikitsa, kulumikizana, njira) zimalemera kwambiri. Zoyenera ndi pakati pa 15-30 m ², 2.5-5 kwp) ngati anthu.
Tenga
Gawo 1: Unikani kuthekera kwanu
Yambani ndi mfulu PVGIS kuyerekezera. Lowetsani adilesi yanu yotsimikizika ya Parsia, mawonekedwe anu (omasulira, oterera), ndipo pezani fanizo loyambirira loyambirira.
Kwaulere PVGIS chowelengera
Gawo 2: Tsimikizani makonzedwe oyang'anira
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Funsani zodulira kwanu pawebusayiti
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Onani ngati muli m'gulu la mbiri yakale (mapu omwe alipo pa Géoporkor)
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Kwa ma kondomini, funsani malamulo anu a kondomu
Gawo 3: yeretsani ntchito yanu (akatswiri)
Ngati ndinu okhazikitsa kapena wopanga pulojekiti mu île-de-france, ikani PVGIS24 kwa:
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Khazikitsani maphunziro a Prey ndi Kusanthula kwamizinda
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Pangani malipoti a akatswiri osinthidwa kuti akakamize makasitomala aku Parisi
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Sinthani zodzikongoletsera zosiyanasiyana
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Sinthani bwino polojekiti yanu
Lembetsani PVGIS24 Opetsa
Gawo 4: Funsani mawu
Lumikizanani ndi 3-4 RGE OPTIONED ku Paris. Yerekezerani ziwonetsero zawo ndi anu PVGIS kuwerengera. Wokhazikitsa bwino amagwiritsa ntchito zomwezi.
Gawo 5: Yambitsani Pulojekiti Yanu
Kamodzi wokhazikitsa osankhidwa ndi chilolezo chomwe adalandira, kukhazikitsa ndikwawiri (masiku 1-3). Mumayamba kupanga magetsi anu mukamaliza enis.
Pomaliza: Paris, mawa's
Ndi ma 20 miliyoni a miliobops ndi kudzipereka kwa osalowerera ndale ndi 2050, Paris ndi île-de-de-Derance imayimira gawo la Photortaltactac.
Ngakhale kuti dzuwa ndi lotsika kuposa zigawo za Mediterranean, mikhalidwe yazachuma (mitengo yamagetsi yamagetsi, malo opangira katundu, kupanga majeremusi) kukhala opindulitsa bwino kwambiri.
PVGIS imapereka zofunikira kuti muwunike bwino zomwe mungathe. Osasiya chimbale chanu cha Paris
Kuti mudziwe mwayi wina wa ku France, werengani malangizo odzipereka ku zigawo za ku France. Zigawo zakumwera zimapindula ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa komwe kumapangitsa kukhazikitsa kothandiza kwambiri, monga
Wabwino
,
Khutu
,
Momentlier
, ndi madera ena monga momwe tafotokozera m'zinthu zokwanira. Pakadali pano, mizinda ina yayikulu ngati
Nante
,
Bordeaux
,
Rennes
,
Lille
, ndipo
Strasbourg
amapereka mwayi wawo wapadera womwe ungadziwike.
Yambitsani mawonekedwe anu owongolera mu Paris