Phoso ea Bohlokoa # 1: Ho hloekisa likharetene tse feteletseng ka metsi a batang
Tlokotsi ea Matlafatsa
Phoso e Arohang ka ho Fetisisa: Likonopo tsa ho hloekisa ka holimo ho 104°F ke metsi a batang a baka sehlōhō ho hlasimolla ha sephara se ka lefisa sekoaelo sa khalase.
Nyeoe e Ngotsoeng - Keketseho ea 8.5 KW Ho kenya, Phoenix (Phupu 2023):
- Mocheso oa phanele: 154°F (Heat Wave)
- Ho hloekisa mocheso oa metsi: 59°F
- Sephetho:Li-panels tse 11 li akhehile nakong ea metsotso e 20
- Litsenyehelo tsa Tšenyo:$ 9,200 (warantiveder)
- Tahlehelo ea tlhahiso:-3,400 kww / selemo
Mekhoa ea Tšenyo e hlalositsoe
Khanya e bohale ho Solar Panels e na le mamello e fokolang ea khatello ea maikutlo:
- Katoloso e tloaelehileng:04 inches bakeng sa sehlopha sa 65-maoto a maoto a 6.5°F
- TLHOKOMELISO:-0.08
- Moeli oa ho hanyetsa:72°FE e sa tloaelehang
- Polelo ea ho robeha:Matlo a futhumatsang a futhumatsang >80°F = Microcecracks e netefalitsoeng
Lifensetere tse sireletsehileng tsa mocheso:
- Hoseng haholo:6-9 ke (mocheso oa " <85°F)
- Mantsiboea:6-9 bosiu (nako ea tlhaho ea ho pholile)
- Le ka mohla u se ke oa hloekisa:10 AM-5 bosiu nakong ea matsatsi a chesang
Thibelo le ho senya
Microcshecconction ea pele:
- Tlhahlobo e bonahalang ka khanya ea letsatsi le tlase
- Teko ea Motlakase: Leqheka la Voltage >5% ka panel
- Ho nahana ka molumo o chesang ho senola libaka tse chesang
Haeba mapeletso a fumanoa:
- Hang-hang ho itšehla thajana
- Tokomane e nang le lifoto tse qapiloeng
- Ikopanye le inshorense nakong ea lihora tse 48
- Ha ho mohla u tsoelepele ts'ebetso(mollo o hanyetsanang)
Mekhoa ea ho hloekisa e sireletsehileng ea ho hloekisa le rona Mohato oa bokhachane Tataiso ho kenyelletsa li-protocol tsa mocheso.
Phoso ea bohlokoa # 2: Ho sebelisa lik'hemik'hale tse thata le ho bolokoa ka lapeng
Ho senyeha ha lik'hemik'hale
Lihlahisoa tse nang le chefo tse tloaelehileng ka phoso:
- Bleara ea tsepamisitsoeng:Litlhaselo tsa Aluminium (Corrosion ka likhoeli tse 6)
- Lime ho tlosa li-acids:Qhibiliha li-polymer tsa templestoof liti
- Li-solvent tsa indasteri:E senya li-coati-li-coati tse thibelang (-15%
- Malapa a Baraba a Ntlo:Li-microscopic likheo tse thata tse mpe ka ho sa feleng
Thuto ea Case ea Setsebi - koluoa ea lik'hemik'hale
7.5 KW Ho kenya, California Card Central Valley (Phato 2023):
- Sehlahisoa se sebelisitsoeng: ntloana e ntloang sekotlolo (23% hydrochloric acid)
- Nako ea ho pepeseha: metsotso e 50
- Tšenyo e ngotsoeng:
- Full Aluminium Frame Corsuiso
- Disconof tiiso ea tiiso
- Ho kenella ha metsi ka liphanele tse 9
- Anti-Conceice e thibelang e sentse sebakeng sa 100%
Litšenyehelo tsa Phetoho: $ 14,800 (inshorense e hanne - ho se tsotelle ho netefalitsoeng)
Liphetoho tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa kotsi
Tlhaselo ea Acid ho Aluminium Lifomo:
2al + 6hcl → 2allc₃₃ + 3h₂ (Correilesble Corrosion)
DOLYMER SEAB SHAKER:
- Eva (Evyl Vinyl Acetate): Hydrolysis ho tsoa memes e matla
- TPU (Polyurethane): ho ruruha le ho qhalana le ho qhalana le li-solvents
- Silizones: ofpodmerization ho acid acid
Lihlahisoa tse lumelloang habonolo
Ph-Neuteral Setsi sa Boitšoaro (6.5-7.5) o netefalitsoe bakeng sa letsatsi:
- Ultra-bonolo dush sesepa (thispone e le 'ngoe ka makhetlo a 2,5 metsi)
- Li-Penwaners tsa Solar Panel
- Le ka mohla a se ke a bua ammonia, bleach kapa acid
Teko e tlamang
- Etsa kopo ho sebaka se patiloeng sa sekhutlo sa sekwere sa pele
- Emela lihora tse 24 pele ho kopo e felletseng
- Netefatsa hore ha ho na tšekano kapa matšoao a siraro
Phoso ea Bohlokoa # 3: Khatello e fetelletseng ea metsi le spray e tobileng
Tšenyo e sa bonahaleng ea Mechini
Moeli oa khatello ea khatello: >40 PSI e senya li-tis tsa hae khafetsa, e lumella mongobo o bolaeang o kenella likarolong tsa motlakase.
Thuto ea Tšenyo - Ts'oaretsi ea Conther ka ketsahalo:
12 KW Ho kenya, Texas (ka la 20 Hlakubele):
- Khatello e sebelisitsoeng: 1,70 PSI (Khatello ea Consumer Khatello)
- Spray Angle: Tšusumetso e tobileng ea Perpendicular
- Nako e tsoetseng pele ea nako:
- Beke ea 1: Ho qala ho itšireletsa (ho sa bonahale)
- Khoeling ea 2: sejalo sa khokahano sa kahare
- Khoeli 4: Liporete tse khuts'oane le liphoso tsa sistimi
- Litsenyehelo tsa Phetoho ea Phetoho:$ 22,100
Menyako ea khatello ea maemo a phahameng
Maboka a sebelisitsoeng ke khatello ea khatello:
- Sethala sa 50 PPS:Liponto tse 7,200 ka maoto a sekwere ka litiiso
- Tiiso ea tiiso:Libaka tsa 3,600 tsa PSI tse phahameng
- Sephetho:Phoso e sa feleng +
Liphello tsa Holimo-li-kotsing:
- Mokokotlo oa elektrochemical oa khokahano
- Mabokose a khuts'oane ka mabokoseng a Bunction
- Ho Qhetsa Eva Evapment Deplorer
- Ho lahleheloa ke taolo ea motlakase (kotsi e bolaeang)
Protocol ea polokeho ea polokeho
Litekanyetso tsa tekelo ea tekelo ea Ts'ireletso:
- Khatello e phahameng:30 psi (mofuta oa spray)
- Sebaka se tlase:Li-inch tse 20 ho tloha holimo
- Angle e nepahetseng:45° ho thibela ho ts'oaroa ha tiiso
- Phallo e laoloang:Lipalo tse 5 ka motsotso o moholo
Lisebelisoa tse khothalelitsoeng:
- Seteishene sa khatello e tlase ka ho feto-fetoha ha taolo
- Nomoro ea litaba e feto-fetohang ea likarolo tse fapaneng
- Khatello ea tloaelo ea ho lekola
Phoso ea bohlokoa # 4: Lisebelisoa tse sa tloaelehang le tšepe ea tšepe
Microscopic scratch calracra
Lisebelisoa tse thibetsoeng li baka tšenyo e sa feleng:
- Wool Wool:Likhetla 0,004-0.02 inches tse tebileng (tse sa koaheloang)
- Li-scraper tsa tšepe:Tloaelo ea lehae ea khalase e bonts'itsoeng
- Bsheshes e thata:E nchafatsang ea ho phatloha ka ho tetebela
- Liponche tse hlekefetsa:Micro-chratches ka ho sa feleng
Tlhahlobo ea tšenyo ea microscopic
Tšusumetso ea scratch ka katleho (thuto ea laboratori):
- Makhethe <0.004 ea inches:-2.8% e sebetsa hantle ka mokhoa o amehang
- Likhetla 0,004-0.02-9.3% e sebetsa hantle + ho potlakisa
- Makhethe >0.02 inches:-16.7% e sebetsa hantle moeeng.
Tsitsa - Nyeoe ea ho tlola ha linonyana: 18 KW Ho kenya, Florida (May 2023):
- Sesebelisoa se sebelisitsoeng: Metal Paint Scraper
- Sebaka se tšoaroang: 45% ea holimo
- Tlhahlobo ea Tšenyo:
- 1,247 likhechana tse ngotsoeng
- Tahlehelo ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso: -14.1% ho kenya ka botlalo
- Ho senya lintho tse ngata tse mpe
- Tšusumetso ea Bohlokoa ea Thepa:- $ 11,400 (Tlaleho ea Apraisal)
Mekhoa ea DefnaminaHes
Bakeng sa masea a manyolo a manyolo a manyolo a manyolo (marotholi, Sap ea sefate):
- SOAK e atolositsoeng:Metsotso e futhumetseng 25+
- Ho soma ha lik'hemik'hale:Tšebeliso ea lihlahla tse 10% e tšoeu
- Ho Tlosoa ka Bonolo:Seketsoana sa polasetiki se bonolo feela
- Sense ea pele:Thibela tšenyo ea Acid ea Acid
Lisebelisoa tse amohetsoeng feela:
- Lesela le bonolo la farnthetic
- Litsebi tsa rabara li pepene
- Li-blas tsa microfiber microfiber
- Li-scrapers tse sa khaoang
Phoso ea Bohlokoa # 5: Matla a motlakase a motlakase
Kotsi e patiloeng
Electrocicaction e haufi le batho - nyeoe ea 'nete: Mong'a ntlo, Colorado (September 2023):
- Ho hloekisa ka tlas'a matla (sistimi e sa khaotsoe)
- Ho kenella ha metsi ka lebokoseng la thuto
- Voltage e lekantsoeng ka sejoale-joale sa tšepe:428v dc
- Tšoho ea Electric:Ho qala ka maoto a 6, ho chesa karolo ea bobeli
- Ho kena sepetlele:Matsatsi a 12, ho senyeha ka ho sa feleng
Likotsi tsa Potlama tsa Polar-School
Lits'oants'o tse kotsi li hlahisa:
- Lipane tsa motho ka mong:35-50v DC (e kotsi ha e kolobile)
- Likhoele tsa panene:350-1,000VEV DC (e bohloko
- Makhopho a fatše a fatše:Amplified by Meetso ea Metsi
Ho hloleha ha liphoso tsa tlhaho:
- + Tsa metsi a phatsimang +
- Sethala sa khokahano ea khokahanyo
- Lipotoloi tse khutšoane tse sa lebelloang
- Likotsi tsa mollo oa motlakase
Protocol ea polokeho ea polokeho
Ts'ebetso ea ho khaola (tatellano e hlokahalang):
- Sekhahla sa ac acro:Cheka matla a ka thoko
- DC disconnect switjha:Karolelano likhoele
- Nako ea ho Emela:Metsotso e 10 ea metsotso e 10 (capikitor ho senyeha)
- Netefatso ea Voltage:1000V DC Teko ea Machaba a 1000VV
- Lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso ea motho:1000VB ALDWAR WUESSUAR SHEGEATHER SUESHIAR
Litlhahlobo tsa polokeho ea poso:
- Teko ea INSULAND (>1 mΩ)
- Tlhatlhobo ea likheo tsa leholimo tsa JunctionsProoOiting
- Mehato ea poloko ea Polelo ea Polelo
- Sistimi ea gradilual e qala hapeka likhoele tsa motho ka mong
Phoso ea bohlokoa # 6: Ho hloeka boemo ba leholimo bo kotsi
Thetso ea menyetla ea leholimo
Maemo a kotsi a kotsi a sa tsoa fetoha.
Meea e Phahameng (>15 mph)
Kotsi e haufi-u-na - ketsahalo ea 'nete: Setsebi se hloekisang, Nevada (Mphalane 2023):
- Lebelo la Moea: 28 MPH e hlophisitsoe (Gusts ho 42 mph)
- Bophahamo: Limithara tse 26 (li-arple tsa marulelo)
- Ketsahalo:Polecoping Pole e ile ea fetoha "sekepe"
- Liphello:Tahlehelo ea leka-lekana +
- Likotsi:Letsoho le bolokiloeng, litšitiso tse ngata, Concussion e bonolo
Lipapatso tsa moea tsa moea:
- 20-maoto a maoto a 20
- 28 MPHH Wind = 68 ea 68 ea morao-rao ea morao-rao
- Ho netefalitsoe ho se be tenglibakeng tse malebela
Serame le mariha hoseng serame
Setsi sa futhumatsang se futhumatsang sa mafura:
- Li-panels tse halikiloeng (-1°Mocheso o holimo)
- Ho hloekisa metsi (+59°F)
- TLHOKOMELISO EA PELE:60°Fonstasane e fapaneng
- Sephetho:Microceacks + aluminium Framting
Li-tundiseching tse atamelang
Kotsi e sa tobang
- Solal Panels = Bahaniki ba bangata ba motlakase
- Mongobo oa mangole = ho hlasimolla pherekano
- Kotsi e bolaeangLeha e le sefefo sa sefefo sa 6+
Lifensetere tsa boemo ba leholimo ba leholimo
Maemo a tlamang bakeng sa ho hloekisa:
- Moea:<Li-12 tsa 12 li ile tsa reraha, <20 mph gusts
- Mocheso:45°F ho 95°F e tsitsitseng
- Mongobo:<80% (e thibela teboho)
- Li-tundertors:Ha ho na radius ea mile ea limithara tse 10
- Ponahalo:>Maoto a 1,000 (ha ho na maemo a Fog)
Phoso ea bohlokoa # 7: Ho hlokomoloha matšoao a temoso
Tšenyo ea ho kholoa cashde
Matšoao a lemosang a hlokomolohileng a hlokomolohileng:
"Microcraciant" e bohlokoa "
Tsoelo-pele e khethehileng e fanoeng:
- Khoeli ea 1:Haircrack Crack 0.8 inches (e hlokomolohang)
- Khoeli ea 6:Katoloso ho 3,2 inches + ho qala ho phatloha
- Khoeli 12:Ho phatlalatsoa ka botlalo + potoloho e khuts'oane
- Khoeling ea 18:Ho fetolela + ho fetolela +
- Litsenyehelo tsa ho qetela:$ 3,200 (e lokiselitsoe ka $ 240 qalong)
Pherekano e Tsoelang Pele
Tlhahlobo ea setsebi - linyeoe tsa Cell Brown: 10 kw Ho kenngoa, North Carolina (2024 Tlhahlobo:
- Matšoao a pele a hlokomolohuoa likhoeli tse 16
- Lekala le lekantsoeng:
- Khoeli ea 3: Crown Cless Clepy Cless Cell
- Khoeli ea 9: Katoloso ho 30% Cell
- Khoeling ea 16: Khahlakalisi e khabehang + e fetelletseng
- Tahlehelo e atlehileng:-26% e felletseng
- Phetoho e Qositsoeng:$ 13,800
"Bokhoni ba" holimo "
Mokhoa o timetsang oa ho potlakisa:
- Oxidation ea pele:Boikokobetso ba filimi e sirelletsang
- Ho kenella ha mongobo:Mokokotlo o Tsoelang Pele
- Mefokolo ea Meetso:Deformation tlasa khatello ea maikutlo
- Ho Hloloa ha Tia:Ho kenella ka thata tsa metsi
- Ho felisoa ha tsamaiso:Ho Hlokahala ho Hlokahala
Protocol ea thibelo ea thibelo
Liteko tse tlamang (Frequency frequency):
- Khoeli le khoeli:Tlhahlobo ea Boemo ba Boemo
- Kotara:Tlhahlobo e khutsitseng e sirelelitsoeng
- Semile selemo:TLHOKOMELISO E FELENG
- Selemo le selemo:Setsebi sa tlhahlobo se felletseng
Ho kenella ha maemo a tšohanyetso:
- Crack e bonahalang >0.4 Inches
- Cele Discoloration >Linonyana tse 2 tsa lisekoere
- Frame Corrosion ka Bubbling
- TLHOKOMELISO >8% ka phanele
Ntlafatsa ho beha leihlo la hau le rona PVGIS24 Calculator ho kenyelletsa Likokoana-pele tsa ho Khuhoa Pele.
Liphello tsa Liphoso tsa Liphoso Tse Hlahlotseng
Makhopho a Sehlahisoa Khotso
Khatiso ea Ketsahalo:
- Tlhokomelo ea tlhokomelo:Li-Voidstid tsa li-warrant tsa Sehlahisoa (lilemo tse 20-25)
- Ho itšepa:Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso
- LITLHAKISO TSA BOPHELO:Ts'ehetso ea Tšebeletso ea Tšebeletso
- Boleng ba waranti ba lahlehileng:$ 10,000 ho $ 30,000
Litaba tsa inshorense ea mong'a ntlo
Tsebiso e tloaelehileng e Ngola:
- "Ho Hlokahala Tlhokomelo ea Tlhokomelo"
- "U sebelisa sehlahisoa se sa sebetseng"
- "Ho sitoa ho latela melao ea mantlha ea polokeho"
- Liqoso li hanne:68% ea linyeoe ka litlhahlobo tsa litsebi tsa 2023
Thepa ea boleng bo bobe
Tšusumetso ea thekiso ea matlo (data ea Apraisal):
- Ho kenngoa ha theko ea $ 18,000
- Liphoso tse ngata tse bonoang: - - $ 12,000 ho bokelloa
- Likotsi tsa polokeho: - $ 35,000 (thepa e sa tsebeng letho)
Li-protocol tsa ho hlaphoheloa ka poso
Tlhahlobo ea Tšenyo Ka mor'a Liphoso
Mehato ea Tlhahlobo:
- Ho nahana ka mamello:Ho lemoha ho chesa
- Tlhahlobo ea motlakase:Boemo ba Ichution + bohato
- Tlhahlobo ea Tlhaho:Botšepehi + bo sa sebetseng hantle
- Tlhahlobo ea moruo:Rekisa boikemisetso ba ho nchafatsa
Thabo ea Pholoso
Tšenyo e lokiselitsoeng (ho kenella nakong ea lihora tse 48):
- Microcshecks ea lehae: Ension enin enj
- PUSELETSO: Phepelo ea lijalo
- Li-tils tse atlehileng: Phetolelo ea mariha
- Karolelano ea litšenyehelo:$ 280- $ 950 ka panel
Tšenyo e ke keng ea fetoloa (Tlatsetso ea Phetoho):
- Ka khalase ea khalase
- Timetso ea ho hlasela
- Corrosiond Frame Frame
- Li-poxuits tse ka hare tsa kahare
- Karolelano ea litšenyehelo:$ 480- $ 780 ka panene e ncha
Rera tlhokomelo ea thibelo ea thibelo le rona Boemo ba leholimo bo thehiloeng kemiso ho qoba liphoso tsena tse tebileng.
Thibelo le mekhoa e metle
Koetliso ea polokeho ea polokeho
Bonyane likhololelo tse hlokahalang:
- Ts'ireletso ea Letsatsi ea Letlamo (setifikeiti sa Nabep se khothalelitsoe)
- Ho oa le mosebetsi oa bophahamo le bophahamo
- Ho sebetsana le li-protocol tsa lik'hemik'hale
- Thuso ea pele / koetliso ea CPR
Boitsebiso ba Boitsebiso bo Boholo
TLHOKOMELISO E TSOANG PELE (LITLHAKISO TSA BOPHELO):
- Tlatsa PPE: $ 425
- Lisebelisoa tse netefalitsoeng: $ 340
- Lik'hemik'hale tse amohetsoeng: $ 145
- Koetliso ea pele: $ 550
- TLHOKOMELISO E TSOANG PELE:$ 1,460
Palo ea polokeho ea roi:
- Ho thibela phoso e le 'ngoe = $ 5,000- $ 30,000 e bolokiloeng
- Recent ea matsete: + 2000% e netefalitsoeng e netefalitsoe
Litsamaiso tsa thibelo tsa thibelo
Sebetsa Ts'ebetso ka Lisebelisoa tsa Rona:
- Silar lichelete tsa letsatsi:Phoso Litsebi tsa Phetoho
- PVGIS 5.3:A sa tloaelehang Ho Senoheloa
- LITLHAKISO TSA BOPHELO:Qaqiso Li-Protocol tsa polokeho
- Tlhokomeliso FAQ:Tloaelehileng Tharollo ea mathata
Phetha: Ho thibela ho boloka likete tsa lidolara
Liphoso tse 7 tsa ho hloekisa tsa pono tse hlakileng tsa letsatsi selemo le selemo se baka United States:
- 1,247 Litšitiso tse Sehlōhō(data ea inshorense 2023)
- $ 47.2 milioneka lits'enyehelo tse tobileng
- Likotsi tsa 203ho hloka sepetlele
- Li-waranti tse 3,156 tse nang le matla a 3,156Ka lebaka la ho se tsotelle
Matsete a thibelo ($ 1,460) e sireletsa:
- Sisteme ea hau ea letsatsi ($ 10,000- $ 30,000)
- Bashebelli ba moetsi ($ 10,000- $ 30,000)
- Polokeho ea hau (theko ea bohlokoa)
- Boleng ba thepa ($ 18,000- $ 35,000)
Koetliso ea litsebi le lisebelisoa tsa polokeho emela inshorense e ngata haholo bakeng sa hau Investment ea Solar.
FAQ e bohlokoa: ho qoba liphoso tse bolaeang
A na nka hlatsoa makhetlo a tšohanyetso?
Ho joalo, empa ke feela ka ho khomarela li-protocol tsohle tse 7 tsa polokeho. Koetliso ea tlatsetso ea pele ea pele, ppe e felletseng, e phethahetseng maemo a leholimo a hlokahalang. Eng kapa eng = setsebi se netefalitsoeng.
Ke khetholla lihlahisoa tse kotsi tsa ho hloekisa joang?
Qoba eng kapa eng e nang le: li-acid (HCH li-ahlatics. Feela PH 6.5-7.5 SEXERSIED SATRARED kapa sesepa se nang le sesepa se bobebe sa sesepa.
Nka etsa joang haeba ke se ke entse e 'ngoe ea liphoso tsee?
Ho koala ha tsamaiso kapele, ho nka lifotso tsa motlakase, ho nka lifoto, ho kopana ho nka lifoto nakong ea lihora tse 48, Tlhahlobo ea ngaka e potlakileng. Ha ho na liteko tsa tokiso ea Amateur = matlafatso ea tšenyo e netefalitsoeng.
Na Microceack e hlile e le kotsi?
Haholo. Ho eketsoa ka tsela e ke keng ea qojoa + ea metsi + mebuso e khutšoane +. Ha ho na MicroCrack "Ke sa bohlokoa." Ho kenella ka ho khetheha tse hlokahalang nakong ea lihora tse 48.
Na inshorense ea ka ea inshorense e tla hloekisa liphoso?
Ka seoelo. 68% ea liqoso li lahliloe "tse ikhethang tse ikhethang." Tharollo: Thibelo e felletseng kapa boits'oaro bo felletseng Inshorense ea mekoloto bakeng sa lits'ebeletso tse netefalitsoeng tsa litšebeletso.
Nka sheba lipane tsa ka joang ka mor'a ho etsa phoso?
Teko ea ho itšehla thajana ho feto-fetoha ha maemo (>1mΩ), ho nahana ka kh'amera (ir kh'amera), tlhahlobo e bonoang le leseli le tlase-angle, tekanyo ea tlhahiso e bapisang. Kapa eng e belaela = tlhahlobo ea bongaka ea tikoloho e bohlokoa.