Ungabalwa kanjani ukukhiqizwa kwephaneli yelanga mahhala?

Izici ezithonya ukukhiqizwa kwephaneli yelanga

I-solar irradiation yendawo

I-solar irradiation yinto eyinhloko enquma ukukhiqizwa kwe-Photovoltaic ukufakwa. Le datha iyahlukahluka ngokunethezeka ngokuya ngendawo yendawo, esukela ku-1,100 kWh / m² / ngonyaka ezindaweni ezisenyakatho I-1,400 kWh / m² / ngonyaka ezindaweni eziseningizimu.

I-irradiation nayo incike ezintweni zesimo sezulu zasendaweni ezifana nesembozo samafu aphakathi nendawo, ukuphakama, kanye nokusondela kuye imizimba yamanzi. Lokhu kwehluka kuchaza ukuthi kungani ukufakwa okufanayo okufanayo kungakhombisa isivuno esihlukile kuya ngendawo yabo.

Ukuqondiswa kwephaneli nokutsheka

Ukuqagela okuphelele kuvame ukubhekana neningizimu kulindelwe eningizimu nge-30 kuye ku-35-degree. Kodwa-ke, eningizimu mpumalanga noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga I-Orientations enama-tilts aguqukayo nayo ingahlinzeka ngezithelo ezithokozisayo.

Ukubalwa okuqondile kokuthola ukukhiqizwa kwephaneli yelanga mahhala kumele kuhlanganise la mapharamitha ukuhlinzeka a isilinganiso esingokoqobo. Umehluko ungafinyelela ama-20 kuye kwangama-30% phakathi kokulandelana okuhle nokungathandeki.

U-Shading kanye Nezithiyo

I-Shading yakha enye yezinto ezithintekayo kakhulu ekukhiqizeni i-Photovoltaic. Izihlahla, izakhiwo ezingomakhelwane, Ama-chimneys, noma izici ze-terrain zinganciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokufaka.

Ngisho nokuhlukaniswa okuyingxenye ngentambo yamaphaneli kungathinta ukukhiqizwa kwalo lonke iqembu. Yingakho i-shading Ukuhlaziywa kumele kuqashelwe ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokubala.

Izici Zobuchwepheshe

Uhlobo lwamaphaneli elanga, ubuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe (i-monocrystalline, i-polycrystalline, ifilimu elincanyana), nekhwalithi ye-inverter ukukhiqizwa ngokuqondile ukukhiqizwa. Ukulahleka kwesistimu (i-wiring, inverter, uthuli) kumele futhi kuhlanganiswe ku ukubalwa.

Amathuluzi wamahhala wokubalwa kokukhiqizwa kwe-solar panel

PVGIS 5.3: Isethenjwa sesayensi samahhala

PVGIS 5.3 imele ithuluzi lereferensi ukubala Ukukhiqizwa kweSolar Panel kuya mahhala eYurophu. Kuthuthukiswe ngu Izinhlangano zocwaningo lwaseYurophu, leli thuluzi lizuza emininingwaneni ehlukile ye-meteorological emboza yonke insimu yaseYurophu.

Ithuluzi lisebenzisa idatha ye-satellite ne-meteorological yomlando ehambelana amashumi eminyaka ambalwa ukuqinisekisa ukulinganiselwa ukuthembeka. Ngokuzenzakalelayo ihlanganisa ukuhlukahluka kwesimo sonyaka, izimo zezulu zasendaweni, kanye nokuma komhlaba ukucaciswa kwesifunda ngasinye.

PVGIS I-5.3 ivumela ukubala ukukhiqizwa kwanyanga zonke nonyaka ngenkathi kucatshangelwa ukuqondiswa, ukutsheka, kanye ne-Photovoltaic Uhlobo lobuchwepheshe. Ithuluzi libuye linikeze nedatha yehora kwabasebenzisi abafuna ukuhlaziya amaphrofayili okukhiqiza ngokuningiliziwe.

PVGIS24: Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwanamuhla ngezinketho ezithuthukile

PVGIS24 inikeza indlela yesimanje yokukhiqizwa kwephaneli yelanga Ukubalwa nge-interface yomsebenzisi ehlelwe kabusha. Le khasi Uhlobo lwamahhala luvumela ukwenzela ukubalwa okuphelele kwesigaba esisodwa sophahla nethuba lokuthekelisa imiphumela ngefomethi ye-PDF.

Le nguqulo yamahhala inikeza ukuyekethika okuhle kakhulu kubantu abafuna ukuthola umbiko ochwepheshe we ukubalwa kwabo kokukhiqiza. Isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo siqondisa abasebenzisi ngezinyathelo ezihlukile zokucushwa, okwenza Ithuluzi litholakala ngisho nakubaqalayo.

Ithuluzi lihlanganisa ukufinyelela okuqondile ku PVGIS 5.3 Kwabasebenzisi abafuna ukuqhathanisa imiphumela noma ukufinyelela idatha eluhlaza ngaphandle kwemikhawulo.

Amanye amathuluzi atholakalayo wamahhala

Amanye amathuluzi amaningana anikela ngezibalo zamahhala zokukhiqiza ze-Photovoltaic. I-Google Project Sunroof isebenzisa iGoogle Earth Idatha yokuhlaziya ophahleni, kepha ukumbozwa kwayo kwendawo kuhlala kukhawulelwe ezifundeni eziningi.

Abakhiqizi abaningi bephaneli belanga nabo banikela amabala abo. Lawa mathuluzi ngokuvamile kulula ukuyisebenzisa kepha kungenzeka Ukuntula ukungathathi hlangothi nokunemba kwesayensi.

Indlela yokubala okunembile futhi yamahhala

Isinyathelo 1: Ukuqoqwa kwedatha eyisisekelo

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukubalwa kwakho ukuthola ukukhiqizwa kwephaneli yelanga mahhala, kubutha imininingwane ebalulekile: Inembile ikheli lokufaka, izici zophahla (indawo etholakalayo, ukuma, ukuthambisa), nokukhonjwa kwe imithombo enombala engaba khona.

Futhi qaphela ukusetshenziswa kwakho kukagesi ngonyaka okususelwa kwizikweletu zakho ezingezinsuku eziyi-12 zokugcina. Le datha izosiza kahle usayizi ukufakwa ngokuya ngezidingo zakho zangempela.

Isinyathelo 2: Ukusebenzisa PVGIS Ukubalwa okuyisisekelo

Qala ngokusebenzisa PVGIS 5.3 ukuthola isilinganiso sokulinganisa. Faka indawo yakho, chaza ukuma kwakho kophahla futhi Sitsheke, bese ukhetha ubuchwepheshe bephaneli okuhlosiwe.

Ithuluzi lizohlinzeka ngezilinganiso zanyanga zonke zokukhiqiza kanye nonyaka ku-KWh. Le datha yakha isisekelo sokuhlaziywa kwakho futhi ingangezwa ezinye izibalo.

Isinyathelo 3: Ukuhlaziywa kabusha nge PVGIS24

Bese usebenzisa PVGIS24 Ukucwengisa ukubalwa kwakho futhi uthole umbiko onemininingwane. Uhlobo lwamahhala luvumela ukuthumela a Idokhumenti ye-PDF engochwepheshe kufaka phakathi yonke idatha yokukhiqiza namapharamitha asetshenzisiwe.

Lesi sinyathelo silusizo ikakhulukazi uma uhlela ukwethula iphrojekthi yakho kubantu besithathu (okufakiwe, ngezimali Izinhlangano, UmFumy).

Isinyathelo 4: Ukuqinisekiswa kwesiphambano

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokubala, qhathanisa imiphumela etholwe namanye amathuluzi noma izindlela zokubala. Ukungafani okubalulekile kufanele kuhlaziywe ukukhomba imithombo ye-divergence.

Ukutolika Imiphumela Yokukhiqiza Iphaneli YeSolar

Ukuqonda amayunithi wokulinganisa

Imiphumela yokukhiqiza ngokuvamile ivezwa ku-KWH (KHOWATTS-amahora) ngonyaka. Le yunithi imele inani le Amandla ukufakwa kwakho kuzokhiqiza ngonyaka ojwayelekile.

Isilinganiso sokusebenza (PR) sibonisa ukusebenza kahle kokufaka okubheke konke ukulahleka. I-PR ye-0.8 (80%) kubhekwa njengemukelekile ukufakwa okwenziwe kahle.

Ukuhlaziya ukuhlukahluka kwesizini

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Photovoltaic kuyahlukahluka kakhulu ngezinkathi zonyaka. Ezifundeni eziningi, ukukhiqizwa ehlobo kungaba izikhathi ezi-4 kuya kwezi-5 ephakeme kunokwenziwa kobusika. Lokhu kuhluka kumele kubhekwe ukusetshenziswa noma isu lokugcina.

Amathuluzi wokubala ngokuvamile ahlinzeka ngemininingwane yanyanga zonke evumela ukulindela lokhu kuhlukahluka nokwenza kahle ukuzenza.

Ukuhlola Umthelela Womthunzi

I-Shading inganciphisa ukukhiqizwa ngo-5% kuya ku-50% kuya ngokubaluleka kwayo nokusatshalaliswa kwansuku zonke. Amathuluzi Athuthukile Siza ukubona izikhathi ezithinteke kakhulu nezindawo.

Ukubalwa kwezezimali kususelwa ekukhiqizeni okulinganiselwe

Ukulinganisa Kwesimo Somongo

Lapho ukukhiqizwa kubalwa, ungalinganisa ukonga kumali kagesi kagesi. Ukuze uzisebenzise, ​​phindaphinda ukukhiqizwa okuzimisele ngentengo yakho ye-KWH yomhlinzeki.

Leli ukumbumbuluzwa kwezezimali ivumela Ukuhlola inzuzo yephrojekthi nokubala isikhathi sokukhokha.

Ukubalwa kwemali engenayo kusuka kokuthengisa

Uma ukhetha ukuthengisa konke noma ingxenye yomkhiqizo wakho, ukubala imali ngokuphindaphindeka ngokuphindaphinda ukukhiqizwa okuthengisiwe yi Intela yamanje yokuphakelayo.

Amanani entela okuphakelayo avela njalo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amanani wakamuva kakhulu wokubalwa kwakho.

Buyela ekuhlolweni kwezimali

Hlanganisa ukonga ugesi kanye nemali yokuthengisa ukubala inzuzo yonyaka yokufaka. Hlukanisa inani eliphelele Izindleko zokufaka ngale nzuzo yonyaka ukuze uthole isikhathi sokukhokha.

Ukulungiselela ukukhiqizwa kwephaneli yelanga

Ukukhetha ukuqondiswa nokutsheka

Uma unokuvumelana nezimo ekuthambekeni noma ekutshekeni, uvivinye ukucushwa okuhlukile ngethuluzi lokubala. A kancane kancane empumalanga noma entshonalanga kungathandeka uma ukusetshenziswa kwakho kususwe ekukhiqizeni kwelanga Peak.

Ukulinganisa okulungile

Sebenzisa imiphumela yokukhiqiza ukuze usayizi wakho ukufakwa kahle. Ukwengamela kunganciphisa inzuzo uma imali yokuthengisa iphansi kunokuzisebenzisa ukuzenzela.

Ukuphathwa komthunzi

Uma kuhlonzwa umthunzi, hlola izixazululo zobuchwepheshe: Amandla we-Power, ama-Ingrever, noma ukwakheka kwephaneli ukuguqulwa.

Ukulinganiselwa kokubala kwamahhala nezixazululo

Ukunemba kokulinganisa

Amathuluzi wamahhala anikela nge-85 kuya ku-95% ukunemba kwezilinganiso zokukhiqiza, okuzokwanela kakhulu iphrojekthi Ukuhlola. Kodwa-ke, ukucaciswa okuthile kwasendaweni kungadinga ukuhlaziya okwengeziwe.

Amacala ayinkimbinkimbi adinga amathuluzi athuthukile

Okokuphaphahla okuyinkimbinkimbi okunokufakwa okuningi, ukufakwa okufakwe emhlabathini, noma amaphrojekthi ngokukhethekile Izingqinamba, amathuluzi amancane anawo angadingeka.

Le khasi amacebo akhokhelwe we PVGIS24 Nikeza izici ezithuthukile Kula macala athile: Ukuhlaziywa kwezigaba eziningi, kuningiliziwe ukumbumbuluzwa kwezezimali, nokusekelwa okukhethekile kwezobuchwepheshe.

Ukuqinisekiswa kanye nemiphumela yokucwengwa kwemiphumela

Qhathanisa nokufakwa okukhona

Uma kungenzeka, qhathanisa izilinganiso zakho ngokusebenza okufanayo kokufaka esifundeni sakho. Izinhlangano zabasebenzisi noma Abafaki bendawo banganikeza idatha yesethenjwa.

Ukubonisana okusemthethweni

Ngenkathi izibalo zamahhala zithembeke kakhulu, ukuqinisekiswa nguchwepheshe ofanelekayo kuhlale kunconyiwe, ikakhulukazi ukuthola imali enkulu.

Ukuvuselelwa kokubala okujwayelekile

Izimo zezulu, ezomnotho nezobuchwepheshe ziyavela. Vuselela izibalo zakho ngezikhathi ezithile, ikakhulukazi uma ukubambezeleka phakathi kokutadisha nokufakwa kunwebeka.

Amaphutha ajwayelekile ukugwema

Ukuzisebenzisa ngokweqile

Abasebenzisi abaningi bakholisa kakhulu amandla abo. Hlaziya indlela yakho yokusebenzisa ngokucophelela ukuze ngokucophelela usayizi ukufakwa.

Ukunganaki ukulahleka kwesistimu

Ukulahleka ngenxa ye-inverter, i-wiring, uthuli kanye nokuguga kwephaneli kungamelela i-15 kuye ku-20% yokukhiqizwa kwethiyori. Qinisekisa Ukubalwa kwakho kuhlanganisa lokhu kulahleka.

Ukhohlwa umehluko we-Unitanunt

Izimo zezulu ziyahlukahlukana unyaka nonyaka. Hlela umugqa wokuphepha ekuqondeni kwakho kwezimali ukuze u-akhawunti yakho Lokhu kwehluka.

Ukuthuthuka kwesikhathi esizayo ekubalweni kokukhiqiza

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezobunhloli bokufakelwa

Amathuluzi wokubala esizayo azohlanganisa ama-algorithms ai ukuconsa izibikezelo ngokuhlaziya idatha yokusebenza kusuka Ukufakwa kwangempela.

Idatha yesimo sezulu sangempela

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuya ekubikezelweni okususelwa kudatha ye-meteorological ebuyekeziwe kuzothuthukisa ukunemba kokulinganisa.

Ukuhlangana nezinhlelo zokugcina

Amathuluzi esizukulwane esilandelayo azohlanganisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amasistimu webhethri ukuze akwazi ukuzisebenzisa amandla namandla ukuzimela.

Ukugcina

Amandla okubala ukukhiqizwa kwe-Solar Panel Mahhala manje atholakala kuwo wonke umuntu ngokusebenzisa isayensi ethembekile Amathuluzi afana PVGIS 5.3 futhi PVGIS24. Lawa mathuluzi ahlinzeka ngokulinganiselwa okunembile ngaphandle kwezindleko, enza lula ukuhlolwa kwanoma iyiphi iphrojekthi yelanga.

Isihluthulelo sempumelelo silele kwidatha yokufaka esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokuqonda okulungile kwemiphumela etholakele. Ngokulandela Indlela eyethulwe kule ndatshana, uzoba nayo yonke imininingwane edingekayo yokuhlola ukwenzeka futhi inzuzo yephrojekthi yakho ye-Photovoltaic.

Unganqikazi ukusebenzisa amathuluzi amaningi ukuqinisekisa imiphumela yakho futhi uqinise iziphetho eziqinisekiswe ngumuntu ofanelekayo uchwepheshe ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokufakwa. Le ndlela ehlakaniphile izoqinisekisa ukuthi wenza okungcono kakhulu Izinqumo zokutshalwa kwemali kwakho elanga.

I-FAQ - Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo

Q: Uthembeke Kangakanani Ukubalwa Kwe-Solar Panel Ukukhiqizwa?

A: Amathuluzi wamahhala afana PVGIS nikeza ukunemba okungu-85 kuya ku-95% kwezilinganiso zokukhiqiza, okulingana kakhulu ukuhlaziya ukwenzeka kwe-solar.

Q: Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwenza ukubalwa okuphelele?

A: Ukubalwa okuyisisekelo kungaqedwa ngemizuzu eyi-10 kuye kwayi-15 ngamathuluzi wamahhala. Ukuhlaziywa ngokuphelele nge-Multiple Izimo, vumela imizuzu engama-30 kuye kwengama-60.

Q: Ingabe amathuluzi wamathuluzi wamahhala we-Shadering?

A: PVGIS 5.3 futhi PVGIS24 Hlanganisa ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo kwendawo yomthunzi wendawo (indawo, izakhiwo), kepha kuningiliziwe Ukuhlaziywa kwesithunzi esiseduze kuvame ukudinga ukuhlolwa okuku-site.

Q: Ungakwazi ukubala ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zephaneli?

A: Yebo, amathuluzi avumela ukukhetha ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile (Monocrystalline, i-polycrystalline, ifilimu elincanyana) nokulungiswa Amapharamitha okusebenza ngokuya ngohlobo lwephaneli.

Q: Ngabe izibalo kufanele zibe kabusha njalo?

A: Kungcono ukubuyekeza ukubalwa njalo ezinyangeni ezi-6 kuye kwezingu-12, ikakhulukazi uma izimo zephrojekthi zivela (kophahla Ukuguqulwa, izinguquko zokusebenzisa, ukuvela kwentela).

Q: Ingabe ukubalwa kwamahhala kufaka phakathi ukulahleka kwesistimu?

A: Yebo, amathuluzi ngokuzenzakalela ahlanganisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukulahleka okukhulu (inverter, izintambo, izinga lokushisa) ngamanani ajwayelekile. Kokuningi Izibalo eziqondile, izinguqulo ezithuthukile zivumela ukulungisa la mapharamitha.

Q: Ngabe uqinisekisa kanjani ukuvumelana?

A: Qhathanisa imiphumela kusuka kumathuluzi amaningi, qinisekisa ukuvumelana ngokufakwa okufanayo esifundeni sakho, futhi Bheka uchwepheshe wamaphrojekthi abalulekile.

Q: Ngabe amathuluzi wamahhala avumela ukubala ukuzikhethela?

A: PVGIS24 kufaka phakathi ukuzibalela kokuzibandakanya kwinguqulo yayo yamahhala, kuvumela ukulinganiselwa kwe Ingxenye yezokukhiqiza isetshenziswe ngqo ngokuya ngephrofayili yakho yokusebenzisa.