I-Solar Panel Recycling kanye nezixazululo Zomnotho we-Circoum wokusimama

Ukuqonda I-Solar Circular Economy

Umnotho oyindilinga kuma-photovoltaics umele ukucabanga kabusha okuphelele kwemijikelezo yokuphila yephaneli yelanga. Ngokungafani ne imodeli yomugqa wendabuko "yokukhipha-khiqiza-lahla", le ndlela ibeka phambili ukusetshenziswa kabusha, ukugaywa kabusha, nezinto ezibonakalayo ukuvuselelwa.

Lolu shintsho luzungeza ezimisweni ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo eziguqula i-solar evamile izindlela zokukhiqiza. Idizayini enesibopho se-Eco ihlanganisa ukuphinda kusetshenziswe ingxenye kusukela esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa, okwenza kube lula ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto ekupheleni kwempilo. Ukuthuthukisa isikhathi sokuphila sokufakwa kwelanga kuhlanganisa okunye insika ebalulekile, enamaphaneli aklanyelwe ukusebenza kahle iminyaka engama-25-30 ubuncane.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwamashaneli okuqoqwa okukhethekile nokucubungula kuhambisana nale ndlela, okudala okuphelele Valorization ecosystem. Lezi inqubo yokukhiqiza emisha manje vumela amazinga okugaywa kabusha ahlaba umxhwele angaphezu kwama-95% ezingxenyeni ezithile.

Inselele Yokugaywa kabusha Kwephaneli Yelanga

Ukwakheka kanye Nezinto Ezisetshenziswa Kabusha

Amaphaneli elanga aqukethe izinto eziningi ezibalulekile ezingabuyiseleka. I-silicon imelela cishe ama-76% engqikithi isisindo futhi ingahlanzwa ukuze udale ama-wafers amasha. I-Aluminium evela kumafreyimu, igaywa kabusha kalula, ihlanganisa u-8% we isisindo. Ingilazi, emele u-3% wesisindo, ingasetshenziswa kabusha ekukhiqizeni amamojula amasha noma ezinye izimboni izicelo.

Izinsimbi eziyigugu njengesiliva, ezikhona ekuxhumekeni kukagesi, zinenani elibalulekile lokuziphendulela kwezomnotho ukululama kwabo. I-Copper evela kuzintambo zangaphakathi nayo ingakhishwa futhi ihlolwe kabusha. Lokhu kuqamba kucebile izinto ezisebenziseka kabusha ziguqula iphaneli ngayinye yokuphela kwempilo ibe imayini yangempela yasedolobheni.

I-Projected Photovoltaic Waste Volumes

I-International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) ilinganisela ukuthi amathani ayizigidi ezingama-78 wamaphaneli elanga azofinyelela ukuphela kwempilo ngo-2050. Lokhu kuqagela okukhulu kuvela ekuqhumeni kokufakwa kwe-solar kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-2000. Ku EYurophu, amapulazi elanga afakwe kakhulu manje afinyelela ekupheleni komjikelezo.

Lesi simo simele ngesikhathi esisodwa inselelo enkulu yezemvelo kanye nethuba elikhulu lezomnotho. Inani lezinto ezibuyiswayo lingafinyelela ku-$15 billion ngo-2050, ngokwezilinganiso ze-IRENA. Lokhu umbono ukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezingqalasizinda eziguquliwe nezinenzuzo zokugaywa kabusha.

Ubuchwepheshe Nezinqubo Zokugaywa kabusha

Izindlela Zokuqeda

Inqubo yokugaywa kabusha iqala ngokuhlukanisa izingxenye ezihlukene. Amafreyimu e-aluminium asuswa ngomshini, ukunika amandla ukubuyiswa kwensimbi okuqondile. Amabhokisi okuhlangana kanye nezintambo kuhlakazwa ngokuhlukana ukuze kukhishwe ithusi kanye izinto zepulasitiki.

Ukuhlukanisa ingilazi namaseli e-silicon kuyisinyathelo esintekenteke kakhulu. Izindlela zobuchwepheshe eziningana okwamanje philisana. Ukwelashwa okushisayo okunokushisa okuphezulu (500°C) ivumela ukubola kwe-EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) ehlanganisa amaseli engilazini. Le ndlela, nakuba idinga amandla, inikeza amazinga aphezulu okubuyisela.

Izinqubo zamakhemikhali ezisebenzisa izincibilikisi ezithile zinikeza enye indlela ethambile, elondoloza kangcono izinto ezitholiwe ubuqotho. Lezi emisha yezobuchwepheshe manje sebenza ku ukugaywa kabusha kokuthuthukisa ukutholwa kwempahla eluhlaza.

Ukuhlanzwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile kanye Nokuqinisekiswa Kwezinto

Uma sezihlukanisiwe, izinto zithola ukwelashwa okuseqophelweni eliphezulu. I-silicon etholiwe idinga ukufakwa kwamakhemikhali izinqubo zokuqeda ukungcola kwensimbi nezinsalela ze-doping. Lokhu kuhlanzwa kwenza ukuthola i-silicon ye ikhwalithi eyanele yokukhiqiza amaphaneli amasha.

Isiliva, insimbi eyigugu kakhulu kumaphaneli, ithola izindlela zokululama eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukukhishwa kwe-Acid Leaching ivumela ukubuyiswa okungafika ku-99% wesiliva samanje. I-Copper ilandela izinqubo ezifanayo namazinga aphezulu okubuyisela.

Lezi zinto ezihlanziwe zibe sezihlanganiswa kabusha zibe izinyathelo zokukhiqiza ezibalulekile, ukudala ivaliwe yangempela iluphu. Le ndlela eyisiyingi inciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye ne-carbon footprint isiyonke.

Umthelela Wezemvelo kanye Nezinzuzo

Ukuncishiswa kweCarbon Footprint

Umnotho oyindilinga osetshenziswa kumaphaneli elanga ukhiqiza izinzuzo ezinkulu zemvelo. Ukugaywa kabusha kwe-silicon kuyagwema I-85% yokukhishwa kwe-CO2 exhunywe ekukhiqizweni kwe-silicon emsulwa. Lokhu kulondoloza kumelela cishe amathani angu-1.4 igweme i-CO2 ngethani ngalinye le-silicon egaywe kabusha.

Ukutholwa kwe-aluminium kugwema u-95% wezinto ezikhishwayo ezixhunywe ekukhiqizeni okuyinhloko. Ukucabangela iphaneli liqukethe cishe u-15 kg we-aluminium, ukugaywa kabusha kugwema ukukhishwa kwe-165 kg okulingana ne-CO2 iphaneli ngayinye. Lokhu okonga buthelela ngokushesha ngamavolumu agayiwe akhulayo.

Ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwe- umthelela wemvelo wamandla elanga ukukhiqizwa kubonisa ukuthi ukuhlanganisa umnotho oyindilinga kunganciphisa i-photovoltaic jikelele i-carbon footprint ngo-30-40%. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo kuqinisa isikhundla solar njengento esimeme ngempela umthombo wamandla.

Ukulondolozwa Kwemithombo Yemvelo

Ukugaywa kabusha kugcina izinsiza zemvelo ezinomkhawulo ngokuvamile ezigxile ngokwendawo. I-silicon yezinga le-Metallurgical idinga amadiphozithi e-quartz ahlanzekile, isisetshenziswa esingavuseleleki. Ukubuyisela i-silicon kumaphaneli amadala kunciphisa ingcindezi kulawa madiphozithi emvelo.

Isiliva, ebaluleke kakhulu embonini ye-photovoltaic, iveza izinqolobane zomhlaba ezilinganiselwe. Ngokumelela ukusetshenziswa I-10% yokukhiqizwa kwesiliva emhlabeni wonke, imboni yelanga incike kakhulu kule nsimbi eyigugu. Ukugaywa kabusha kunika amandla ukudala isitokwe sesiliva sesibili, ukunciphisa ukuncika ezimayini eziyinhloko.

Lokhu kulondolozwa kwezinsiza kuhambisana nemithelela encishisiwe kwezemvelo exhumene nokumbiwa kwezimayini. Izimayini ezimbalwa amasayithi asho ukuphazamiseka okuncane kwe-ecosystem, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuncane, nokukhishwa okungcolisayo okumbalwa.

Izinselelo Zokusebenzisa kanye Nezixazululo

Izithiyo Zamanje Zezomnotho

Inselele enkulu yomnotho we-photovoltaic circular uhlala umnotho. Izindleko zokuqoqa, ezokuthutha, nezokucubungula amaphaneli asetshenzisiwe avame ukweqa inani lempahla etholiwe. Lesi simo sisukela emiqulwini namanje elinganiselwe futhi ukungabibikho komnotho wesikali.

Izintengo ze-silicon ye-Virgin, ikakhulukazi eziphansi kusukela ngo-2022, zenza i-silicon egaywe kabusha ingabi nokuncintisana ngokomnotho. Lokhu okuluhlaza ukuntengantenga kwentengo yezinto kuhlanganisa ukuhlelwa kabusha kokutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda. Izinkampani ziyangabaza ukutshala imali kakhulu ngaphandle kweziqinisekiso zenzuzo zesikhathi eside.

Ukungabikho kwemithetho ebophayo emazweni amaningi nakho kukhawulela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe. Ngaphandle kokugaywa kabusha okusemthethweni izibopho, abanikazi abaningi bakhetha izixazululo ezingabizi kakhulu kodwa ezingezona ezemvelo ezingezinhle kangako.

Ukuthuthukisa Iziteshi Ezikhethekile

Ukudala iziteshi ezikhethekile zokugaywa kabusha kudinga ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabalingisi abaningi. Abakhiqizi bephaneli, abafaki, abahlakaza, nabagaya kabusha kufanele basebenzisane eduze. Lokhu kubambisana kuthuthukisa isinyathelo ngasinye senqubo futhi kunciphisa izindleko zizonke.

Izikhungo zokuqoqwa kwezifunda ezisafufusa zenza kube lula ukuthuthwa kwempahla futhi zehlise nezindleko zokuthutha. Lezi hubs ziphakathi nendawo amaphaneli okuphela kwempilo ngaphambi kokuya kumasayithi okucubungula. Le nhlangano yendawo ilungiselela ukugeleza kanye kuthuthukisa inzuzo yezomnotho.

Ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokugaywa kabusha kwamaselula kumele ukuqanjwa okusha okuthembisayo. Lawa mayunithi aphathekayo angacubungula amaphaneli ngqo ekuhlakazeni amasayithi, ehlisa kakhulu izindleko zokuhlela. Le ndlela yokwehlukaniswa kwabantu iyavumelana kahle kakhulu ekufakweni okukhulu.

Izinyathelo Zokulawula kanye Nenqubomgomo

I-European WEEE Directive

I-European Union isungula umthetho wokusebenzisa kabusha i-photovoltaic nge-WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Izisetshenziswa) umyalelo. Lo mthetho ubeka umthwalo wemfanelo owandisiwe womkhiqizi kubakhiqizi, ngokuzibophezela ukuze bahlele futhi baxhase ngezimali ukuqoqwa komkhiqizo nokugaywa kabusha.

Lo myalelo ubeka izinjongo ezishibhile ngesilinganiso sokutholwa esingu-85% sesisindo sephaneli eqoqiwe kanye nesilinganiso esingu-80% sokugaywa kabusha. Le mikhawulo eyisibopho ikhuthaza ukusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokucutshungulwa kokutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda. I-Eco-contribution ekhokhwa ekuthengeni ixhasa le misebenzi.

Le ndlela yokulawula yakha izinhlaka ezizinzile ezikhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangasese. Izinkampani zingahlela isikhathi eside imisebenzi, ukwazi isidingo sokugaywa kabusha siqinisekiswe ngokusemthethweni. Lokhu kuvikeleka okusemthethweni kuvumela ukuvela kokuzinikela imikhakha yezimboni.

Imizamo Yamazwe Ngamazwe

Emhlabeni jikelele, i-International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (IEA PVPS) ixhumanisa ilanga ucwaningo lokugaywa kabusha. Lokhu kubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kusiza ukwabelana ngobungcweti kanye nokwenza okuhle kakhulu ukuvumelana. Amazwe angamalungu ashintshana ngolwazi futhi ngokuhlanganyela athuthukise izixazululo ezintsha.

I-PV Cycle initiative, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo, ihlela ukuqoqwa kwephaneli ye-photovoltaic kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha ngo-18. Amazwe aseYurophu. Lesi sakhiwo esihlangene sihlanganisa izindleko futhi siqinisekisa isevisi efanayo yonkana izindawo. Ngaphezu kwamathani angu-40,000 amaphaneli aqoqwe kusukela ekudalweni kwawo.

Lezi zinhlelo zamazwe ngamazwe zilungiselela ukuvumelana kwemithetho yesikhathi esizayo. Inhloso ihlose ukusungula umhlaba wonke amazinga okugaywa kabusha, ukwenza kube lula ukuhwebelana nokuthuthukisa amashaneli okucubungula.

Amasu Athuthukayo kanye Nobuchwepheshe

Idizayini Yokugaywa kabusha

Amaphaneli elanga esizukulwane esisha ahlanganisa izithiyo zokuphela kwempilo kusukela ekukhulelweni. I-Eco-design iza kuqala kalula izinto ezihlukanisekayo kanye namaqoqo angenakunyakaziswa. Le "design for recycling" indlela iguqula isimo imboni ye-photovoltaic.

Izinto ezintsha zihlanganisa izinto zokunamathisela ezishisayo ezithatha indawo ye-EVA yendabuko. Lezi zibophezelo ezintsha zincibilika phansi amazinga okushisa, lula ingilazi nokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kunciphisa amandla okugaywa kabusha ukusetshenziswa nokugcina kangcono ubuqotho bezinto ezibonakalayo.

Ukusebenzisa amafreyimu ahlanganiswe ngomshini kushintsha kancane kancane amafreyimu ashiselwe. Lokhu kwemvelo kwenza elula ukudilizwa ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwe-aluminium. Izixhumi zikagesi ezikhiphekayo futhi zisiza izintambo futhi ziyigugu ukululama kwensimbi.

Ukugaywa kabusha kokufakwa kusayithi

Ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokugaywa kabusha kwamaselula kuguqula ukuphathwa kokufakwa kwamandla elanga. Lawa mayunithi azimele ukucubungula amaphaneli ngqo esizeni, ukugwema ezokuthutha nokuphatha. Le ndlela inciphisa kakhulu ukuhleleka izindleko kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwe-carbon footprint.

Lawa masistimu eselula ahlanganisa zonke izinyathelo zokucubungula ezitsheni ezijwayelekile. Ukudilizwa, ukuhlukaniswa, kanye ukuhlanzwa kwenzeka kumasekhethi avaliwe. Izinto ezitholiwe zipakishwa ukuze kuhlanganiswe izimboni ngqo amaketanga okuhlinzeka.

Lokhu okusha kufakazela ukujwayela ikakhulukazi amapulazi amakhulu elanga afinyelela ekupheleni kokuphila kanyekanye. Ezokuthutha ukonga kanye nokuphathwa okuncishisiwe kuthuthukisa kakhulu inzuzo yokugaywa kabusha.

Izicelo Ezisebenzayo Namathuluzi Okuhlola

Ukushintshela emnothweni oyindilinga kudinga amathuluzi okuhlola anamandla ukuze kulinganiswe inani lezemvelo nezomnotho izinzuzo. I PVGIS umshini wokubala welanga manje ihlanganisa umjikelezo wokuphila ophelele amamojula okuhlaziya, okuhlanganisa izigaba zokugaywa kabusha.

Lawa mathuluzi anika amandla ochwepheshe ukuthi bahlole umthelela wemvelo womhlaba wonke wokufakwa kwe-photovoltaic ngaphezu kwawo impilo yonke. Ukuhlanganisa izimo zokugaywa kabusha zibe izibalo zenzuzo kusiza abenzi bezinqumo ukuthi bakhethe izixazululo ezisimeme kakhulu. I PVGIS isifanisi sezimali okunikezwayo kuqediwe ukuhlaziya komnotho okuhlanganisa izindleko zokuphela kwempilo.

Emiphakathini ebandakanyeka ekushintsheni kwamandla, amadolobha elanga ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwemfucuza ye-photovoltaic edidiyelwe amasu. Lezi zindlela zendawo ziqondisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-solar kanye nokusungulwa kweshaneli yendawo yokugaya kabusha.

Imibono Yekusasa

Umnotho oyindilinga we-Photovoltaic uzobhekana nokusheshisa okukhulu eminyakeni ezayo. Ukwenyuka kwe-Exponential ku amavolumu ephaneli yokuphela kwempilo azodala umnotho wokwenza ukugaywa kabusha kusebenze ngokwezomnotho. Ukuqagela zikhombisa ukulingana kwezomnotho okwafinyelelwa cishe ngo-2030.

Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe kuzoqhubeka kwehlisa izindleko zokuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha ngenkathi kuthuthukisa amanani okuthola kabusha. Okwenziwayo ukuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani bokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo kanye namarobhothi okudiliza i-automation kuzoshintsha imboni ye-solar recycling.

Ukuhlanganisa umnotho oyindilinga kumamodeli ebhizinisi e-photovoltaic kuzothuthukela ku-"cradle to cradle" ephelele amasevisi. Abakhiqizi bazophakamisa izinkontileka ezifaka ukufakwa, ukulungiswa, nokugaywa kabusha, ukudala umthwalo wemfanelo womhlaba kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila. Lokhu kwemvelo kuzoqinisa isikhundla solar njengoba ngempela amandla aqhubekayo futhi ayindilinga.

Ukuze ujulise ulwazi lwakho lwamandla elanga nezinselele zawo zemvelo, thintana ne ephelele PVGIS umhlahlandlela echaza zonke izici zobuchwepheshe nezokulawula. I PVGIS imibhalo futhi inikeza izinsiza ezikhethekile zochwepheshe bemboni.

I-FAQ - Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nomnotho Oyindilinga namaphaneli eSolar

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwenza kabusha iphaneli yelanga?

Inqubo ephelele yokugaywa kabusha kwamaphaneli elanga ngokuvamile ithatha amahora angu-2-4 kuye ngobuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe. Lesi sikhathi kufaka phakathi ukudilizwa, ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nokwelashwa okuyisisekelo kokuhlanza. Izinqubo zezimboni zanamuhla zingakwazi ukuphatha amaphaneli afinyelela kwangu-200 ngosuku ezikhungweni ezikhethekile.

Ziyini izindleko zokugaywa kabusha kwephaneli yelanga?

Izindleko zokugaywa kabusha ziyahlukahluka phakathi €10-30 iphaneli ngayinye kuye ngobuchwepheshe namavolumu acutshunguliwe. Lokhu kubiza kuhlanganisa ukuqoqwa, ukuthutha, nokucubungula. E-Europe, i-eco-contribution ihlanganiswe nenani lokuthenga ihlanganisa lezi zimali. Ngokukhuphuka kwamavolumu, izindleko kufanele zehle ngo-40-50% ngo-2030.

Ingabe amaphaneli elanga agaywe kabusha asebenza kahle njengamasha?

Izinto ezigaywe kabusha, ikakhulukazi i-silicon ehlanziwe, zingafinyelela u-98% wokusebenza kwe-silicon emsulwa. Amaphaneli ekhiqizwe nge-silicon egaywe kabusha yethula isivuno esilinganayo kumamojula wendabuko. Ubude bempilo buhlala bufana, Ubuncane beminyaka engama-25-30 ngamawaranti ajwayelekile.

Ingabe zikhona izibopho ezisemthethweni zokugaywa kabusha kwabantu ngabanye?

E-Europe, umyalelo we-WEEE ugunyaza ukuqoqwa kwamahhala kwamaphaneli asetshenzisiwe. Abantu ngabanye kufanele bafake amaphaneli amadala ku izindawo zokuqoqa ezigunyaziwe noma uzibuyisele kubasabalalisi ngesikhathi sokushintshwa. Ukulahlwa noma ukulahlwa kukhona enqatshelwe futhi akhokhe inhlawulo.

Ungasihlonza kanjani isisebenzi kabusha esiqinisekisiwe samaphaneli ami elanga?

Bheka izitifiketi ze-ISO 14001 (ukuphathwa kwemvelo) kanye ne-ISO 45001 (ukuphepha kwezempilo). EYurophu, qinisekisa i-PV Ubulungu bomjikelezo noma okulinganayo kuzwelonke. Cela ubufakazi bokulandeleka kwezinto kanye nezitifiketi zokucekela phansi wezingxenye ezingabuyiseleki. Isifaki sakho singakuqondisa kozakwethu abaqinisekisiwe.

Ingakanani i-CO2 yonga kabusha iphaneli yelanga?

Ukugaywa kabusha kwephaneli ye-300W kugwema cishe ukukhishwa okulinganayo kwe-CO2 okungama-200 kg uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenzisa izinto ezingasetshenziswa. Lokhu kulondoloza kuvela ikakhulukazi ekugayweni kabusha kwe-aluminium (165 kg CO2) kanye ne-silicon (35 kg CO2). Ngaphakathi ngokuphelele isisekelo esifakiwe, lokhu kulondoloza kuzomela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-50 we-CO2 egwenyiwe ngo-2050.

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nobuchwepheshe belanga namathuluzi okuhlola, hlola PVGIS izici nezinzuzo noma finyelela i olunzulu PVGIS blog ehlanganisa zonke izici zamandla elanga nama-photovoltaics.