I-Solar Panel Recycling kanye nezixazululo Zomnotho we-Circoum wokusimama

Ukuqonda umnotho oyindilinga welanga

Umnotho oyindilinga e-Photovoltaics umele ukumpompela imali ephelele ye-Solar Panel Liffycles. Ngokungafani nemodeli yendabuko "ekhishwe ngokukhiqiza imodeli", le ndlela ebeka phambili ukusebenzisa kabusha, ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha, kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo.

Lokhu kuguqulwa kuhlanganisa izimiso eziningana eziyisisekelo eziguqula izindlela zokukhiqiza zendabuko ze-solar. I-Eco-Eartised Design ihlanganisa ukuphindaphindeka kwengxenye kusuka esigabeni sokuthuthuka, okwenza ukuhlukaniswa okulula kwezinto ezibonakalayo ekugcineni kwempilo. Ukulungiselela ama-Lifepan ama-Solar ukufakwa kwakha enye insika ebalulekile, enamaphaneli aklanyelwe ukusebenza kahle iminyaka engama-25-30.

Ukuthuthukiswa kweqoqo elikhethekile kanye neziteshi zokucubungula ezihambisana nale ndlela, kwakha i-ecosystem ephelele ye-valerization. Lezi Ukukhiqiza inqubo yenqubo Manje vumela amazinga okuvuselela kabusha ahlaba umxhwele angaphezu kwama-95% ezakhi ezithile.

Inselelo ye-Solar Panel Recycling

Ukwakheka kanye nezinto zokwakha kabusha

Amaphaneli elanga aqukethe izinto eziningi ezibalulekile ezitholakalayo. I-Silicon imele cishe ama-76% wesisindo esiphelele futhi ingahlanzwa ukudala ama-wafers amasha. I-Aluminium evela kumafreyimu, iphinde isebenze kabusha, yakha ama-8% wesisindo. Ingilazi, emele ama-3% esisindo, ingaphinde isetshenziswe kabusha ekukhiqizeni amamojula amasha noma ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni.

Izinsimbi eziyigugu ezinjengesiliva, zikhona ekuxhumeni kukagesi, zinenani elikhulu lezomnotho elithethelela ukululama kwazo. I-Copper kusuka ku-wiring yangaphakathi nayo ingakhishwa futhi ibuyekezwe kabusha. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa okucebile ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo ziguqula iphaneli ngalinye le-End Life libe yimayini yangempela yasemadolobheni.

Amavolumu we-Photovoltaic Metroums

I-International Renacter Energy Agency (iRena) ilinganisela ukuthi amathani angama-78 wezigidi zamaphaneli elanga azofinyelela ku-End-of-Life ngo-2050. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza olukhulu luvela ekuqhumeni kokufakwa kwelanga kusukela kuma-2000s. E-Europe, amapulazi okuqala afakiwe elanga afakiwe manje afinyelela ekugcineni kwawo.

Lesi simo simelela kanyekanye inselelo enkulu yezemvelo kanye nethuba eliphakeme lezomnotho. Inani lezinto ezitholakalayo zingafinyelela ama- $ 15 billion ngo-2050, ngokusho kwezilinganiso ze-Irena. Lo mbono ugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda eguquguqukayo nenzuzo yokuvuselela kabusha.

Ubuchwepheshe kanye nezinqubo zokuphinda usebenzise kabusha

Izindlela zokukhipha izifiso

Inqubo yokuphinda usebenzise kabusha iqala ngokuhlukanisa izakhi ezihlukile. Amafreyimu we-aluminium asuswe ngomshini, enika amandla ukululama kwensimbi okuqondile. Amabhokisi okuhlangana namakhebuli adilizwa ngokwahlukana ukuze akhiphe izinto zethusi nezinto zepulasitiki.

Ukuhlukanisa ingilazi kanye ne-silicon cell kwakha isinyathelo esibucayi kakhulu. Izindlela eziningana zobuchwepheshe ezikhona njengamanje. Ukwelashwa okushisa okuphezulu okuphezulu (500°C) Kuvumela ukubola kwe-EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) okubopha amaseli agculisayo. Le ndlela, ngenkathi inamandla - inikela ngamanani aphezulu wokutakula.

Izinqubo zamakhemikhali ezisebenzisa izixazululo ezithile zethula enye indlela ehlukile, ukulondolozwa okungcono ubuqotho bezinto ezibonakalayo. Lezi ubuchwepheshe obusha Faka isicelo sokuphinda usebenzise kabusha ukuze wenze kahle ukulungiswa okubonakalayo okubonakalayo.

Ukuhlanzwa Kwezinto Ezibonakalayo kanye NeValorization

Uma sekuhlukanisiwe, izinto zokwenziwa zokwelapha okuthuthukile. I-Silicon etholakele idinga izinqubo zamakhemikhali zokususa ukuqeda ukungcola kwensimbi kanye nezinsalela zokudla. Lokhu kuhlanza kwenza ukuthola i-silicon yekhwalithi eyanele yokukhiqiza amaphaneli amasha.

Isiliva, insimbi eyigugu kakhulu emaphaneli, ithola amasu wokutakula anenkani. Ukukhishwa kwezinsimbi ze-acid kuvumela ukululama kuze kube yi-99% yesiliva lamanje. I-Copper ilandela izinqubo ezifanayo namanani aphezulu wokutakula.

Lezi zinto ezihlanjululwe bese zihlangana ziye Izinyathelo Zokukhiqiza Ezisemqoka, Ukwakha i-loop yangempela evaliwe. Le ndlela eyindilinga inciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-virgin kanye ne-carbon footprint ephelele.

Umthelela Wezemvelo Nezinzuzo

Ukwehliswa kwezinyawo zekhabhoni

Umnothweni oyindilinga osetshenziselwa amaphaneli elanga akhiqiza izinzuzo eziningi zemvelo. I-Silicon Recycling igwema ama-85% okukhishwa kwe-CO2 exhunywe eMkhiqizweni we-Silicon Virtucon. Lokhu kugcina kufanekisela amathani acishe abe ngu-1.4 wokugwema i-CO2 ngethani le-silico elisetshenzisiwe.

Ukubuyiselwa kwe-Aluminium kugwema ama-95% okuphuma axhumeke ekukhiqizeni okuyisisekelo. Ukucabanga ngephaneli kuqukethe cishe ama-15 kg we-aluminium, ukuvumelanisa kabusha kugwema ukuphuma kwe-165 kg CO2 okulingana ngephaneli ngalinye. Lokhu kukonga kuqongelela ngokushesha nge-Volumes ekhulayo.

Ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwe Umthelela wezemvelo wokukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga Kukhombisa ukuthi ukuhlanganisa umnotho oyindilinga kunganciphisa i-Photovoltaic's Footprint ephelele yekhabhoni ngo-30-40%. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa okubalulekile kuqinisa isikhundla sikaSolar njengomthombo wamandla ozinzile ngempela.

Ukulondolozwa kwezinsiza zemvelo

Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kugcina izinsiza zemvelo ezilinganiselwe zivame ukugxila. I-Metallurgical-grade Silicon idinga amadiphozithi we-quartz ahlanzekile aphezulu, insiza engavuselelwa. Ukubuyisa i-silicon kumaphaneli amadala kunciphisa ingcindezi kulawa ma-deposits wemvelo.

Isiliva, ligxeka imboni ye-Photovoltaic, iveza izindawo zokugcina zomhlaba jikelele. Ngokusebenzisa okumele u-10% wokukhiqizwa kwesiliva komhlaba wonke, imboni yelanga incike kakhulu kuleli nsimbi eliyigugu. Ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha kunika amandla ukudala isitoko sesiliva sesibili, ukunciphisa ukuncika kwezimayini zamabanga aphansi.

Lesi sisetshenziswa sihambisana nemithelela encishisiwe yezemvelo exhumene nokukhishwa kwezimayini. Izindawo ezimbalwa zezimayini zisho ukuphazamiseka okuncane kwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuncane, kanye nokungcoliswa okumbalwa okungcolisa.

Izinselelo Zokuqalisa kanye Nezixazululo

Izithiyo Zezomnotho Zamanje

Inselelo enkulu yomnotho oyindilinga we-Photovoltaic uhlala ezomnotho. Ukuqoqwa, ukuthutha, kanye nezindleko zokucubungula amaphaneli asetshenzisiwe kuvame ukwedlula inani elibonakalayo elitholakele. Lesi simo sivela kumavolumu angenamikhawulo kanye nokungabikho kwezomnotho kwezinga.

Amanani entengo e-Silicon e-Virtual, ikakhulukazi aphansi kusukela ngo-2022, yenza kabusha i-silicon esetshenzisiwe incintisana ngokomnotho. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwamanani entengo eluhlaza eluhlaza kuhlanganisa nokuvuselelwa kabusha kwezimali zokutshala imali. Izinkampani ziyanqikaza ukutshala imali kakhulu ngaphandle kweziqinisekiso zenzuzo yesikhathi eside.

Ukungabikho kwemithetho ebophayo emazweni amaningi futhi kunciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe. Ngaphandle kwezibopho ezivuselelwa kabusha ezisemthethweni, abanikazi abaningi bakhetha okuncane kakhulu kodwa izisombululo ezingezinhle zempilo ezingezinhle.

Ukuthuthukisa iziteshi ezikhethekile

Ukwakha iziteshi ezikhethekile zokuvuselela kabusha kudinga ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabadlali abaningi. Abakhiqizi bephaneli, abafaki, abamangalelayo, kanye nabathengi kumele basebenze kahle. Lokhu kusebenza kokwenza inqubo ngayinye yenqubo futhi kunciphisa izindleko zizonke.

Izikhungo zokuqoqa zesifunda ezisafufusa zisiza ukungena kwezinto futhi zinciphise izindleko zokuhamba. Lawa ma-Hubs afaka phakathi amaphaneli okuphela kokuphila ngaphambi kokujikeleza ukucubungula amasayithi. Le nhlangano yezwe yandisa ukugeleza futhi ithuthukise inzuzo yezomnotho.

Ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe be-mobile Recyclies kumelela okusha okuthembisayo. Lawa mayunithi okuhambisa akwazi ukucubungula amaphaneli ngqo ezindaweni zokukhipha amasayithi, anciphise izindleko ezinkulu. Le ndlela ehlukanisiwe ivumelana kahle nokufakwa okukhulu.

Izinhlelo nezinqubomgomo nezinqubomgomo

I-European Weee Directive

Umthethonqubo we-European Union we-European Photovoltaic Recycling Regulation nge-Weee (imfucuza kagesi kanye nemishini ye-elekthronikhi). Lo mthetho ubeka umthwalo wemfanelo oweluliwe wabakhiqizi kubakhiqizi, ubaphoqelele ukuhlela nokuqoqwa komkhiqizo nokuphinda usebenzise kabusha.

Umyalelo ubeka izinhloso ezifiselayo ngezinga elingu-85% lokuthola isisindo sephaneli eliqoqiwe kanye nesilinganiso sokuphinda usebenzise kabusha. Lokhu kubopha imibundu ebopha ubuchwepheshe nokucubungula ukutshala imali kwengqalasizinda. Umnikelo okhokhelwe ezimalini zokuthenga le misebenzi.

Le ndlela yokulawula idala izinhlaka ezizinzile ezikhuthaza ukutshalwa kwemali okuyimfihlo. Izinkampani zingahlelela imisebenzi yesikhathi eside, wazi ukufunwa kabusha kuqinisekiswe ngokomthetho. Lokhu kuvikeleka okungokomthetho okuvela kuvela imikhakha yezimboni ezinikezele.

Izinhlelo Zakwamanye Amazwe

Emhlabeni jikelele, uhlelo lwe-International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems (IEA PVPS) luxhumanisa ucwaningo lwe-Solar Recycling. Lokhu kusebenzisana kwamanye amazwe kusiza ubuchwepheshe ngokwabelana ngokwabelana nobuchwepheshe obuhle kakhulu bokuzijwayeza. Amazwe angamalungu amalungu ashintshana ngokuhlangenwe nakho nokuhlakulela izixazululo ezintsha.

I-PV Cycle Initiative, inhlangano engenzi inzuzo, ihlela ukuqoqwa kwephaneli ye-Photovoltaic kanye nokuphinda usebenzise emazweni ayi-18 europena. Lesi sakhiwo esihlangene se-Mutualizes sibiza futhi siqinisekisa insizakalo enobungozi ezindaweni zonke. Kuqoqwe amathani angaphezu kwama-40,000 amaphaneli kusukela kwadalwa.

Lezi zindlela zomhlaba wonke zilungiselela ukuvumelanisa umkhawulo wesikhathi esizayo. Injongo inhloso yokusungula amazinga wokuphinda usebenzise kabusha umhlaba, okwenza ukushintshaniswa kwezentengiso kanye nokwenza kahle iziteshi zokucubungula.

Ukusangula okusha nobuchwepheshe

Idizayini yokuphinda usebenzise kabusha

Amaphaneli eNew Solar Panels ahlanganisa izingqinamba zokuphela kokuphila kusuka ekukhulelweni. I-Eco-Design ibeka phambili izinto ezihlukaniswe kalula kanye nemihlangano enokunenkulumo. Lo "umklamo wokuphinda usebenzise kabusha" waguqula imboni ye-Photovoltaic.

Ukusungulwa kufaka phakathi ukunamathela okukhohlisayo esikhundleni sokubuyisela i-EVA yendabuko. Lezi zinhlamvu ezintsha ziyancibilika emazingeni okushisa aphansi, kusiza ingilazi nokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kunciphisa ukuphinda usebenzise amandla amandla futhi kuhlolisise kangcono ubuqotho bezinto ezibonakalayo.

Kusetshenziswa amafreyimu ahlangene ngokuqhubekayo athatha indawo ye-welded ozimele. Lokhu kuvela kwemvelo kwenza ukusatshalaliswa okulula ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwe-aluminium. Izixhumi zikagesi ezikhiphekayo nazo zisiza izintambo nokuvuselelwa kwensimbi okuyigugu.

Ukufakwa kwe-On-Site Recycling

Ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe be-mobile Recycling baguqula ukuphathwa kokufakwa kwama-solar okukhulu. Lezi zinhlaka zamayunithi ezizimele ezizimele ngqo esizeni, zigweme ukuthutha kanye nokuphatha. Le ndlela inciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokuhlelela kanye nokuphinda usebenzise i-carbon footprint.

Lezi zinhlelo zeselula zihlanganisa zonke izinyathelo zokucubungula ezitsheni ezimile. Ukudiliza, ukwahlukana nokuzihlanza kwenzeka emibuthanweni evaliwe. Izinto zokwakha ezibuyiselwe zihlanganiswa ukuhlanganisa kabusha amaketanga okunikeza izimboni ngokuqondile.

Lokhu okusha kufakazela ukuguqulwa ikakhulukazi emapulazini amakhulu elanga afinyelela ekufeni-kwempilo ngasikhathi sinye. Ukulondolozwa Kwezokuthutha kanye nokusingathwa okuncishisiwe kuthuthukisa inzuzo yokuvuselela kabusha.

Izicelo ezisebenzayo namathuluzi wokuhlola

Ukushintshwa komnotho oyindilinga kudinga amathuluzi wokuhlola anamandla okunciphisa izinzuzo zemvelo nezomnotho. Le khasi PVGIS Okokubala ilanga Manje kuhlanganisa okuphelele kokuhlaziywa kwezifiso kwamamojula, kufaka phakathi izigaba zokuphinda usebenzise kabusha.

Lawa mathuluzi anika amandla ochwepheshe ukuthi ahlole umthelela wemvelo wemvelo wokufakwa kwe-Photovoltaic phezu kwawo wonke impilo. Ukuhlanganisa kabusha izimo zokuphinda usebenzise kabusha kuzibalo zenzuzo kusiza abenzi bezinqumo Khetha izixazululo ezizinzile kakhulu. Le khasi PVGIS simulator yezezimali Inikeza ukuhlaziya okuphelele komnotho okubandakanya izindleko zokuphela kwempilo.

Emiphakathini yabandakanyeka ekushintsheni kwamandla, amadolobha elanga ukuthuthukisa amasu okulawulwa kwemfucuza ye-Photovoltaic Metro. Lezi zindlela zezwe zixhumanisa ukuthuthukiswa kwelanga kanye nokusungulwa kwesiteshi sendawo.

Imibono yesikhathi esizayo

Umnotho we-Photovoltaic uzothola ukushesha okukhulu eminyakeni ezayo. Ukwanda okubonakalayo kwi-End-of-Panel Panel Volumes kuzodala ezomnotho zokwenza kabusha kwezomnotho. Ukuqagela kukhombisa ukulingana kwezomnotho okufinyelelwe cishe ngo-2030.

Ukuqanjwa kwezobuchwepheshe kuzoqhubeka nokunciphisa izindleko zokuphinda usebenzise kabusha ngenkathi kuthuthukisa amanani okuthola kabusha. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezobunhloli yokufakelwa kwenqubo yokwenza kahle kanye namarobhothi okuzenzakalelayo kuzoshintsha imboni yelanga evuselelekayo.

Ukuhlanganisa umnotho oyindilinga kumamodeli webhizinisi we-Photovoltaic azovela ekusebenzeni okuphelele kwe- "Cradle to Cradle". Abakhiqizi bazophakamisa izinkontileka kufaka phakathi ukufakwa, ukugcinwa, kanye nokuphinda basebenzise kabusha, bakha umthwalo wemthwalo wemfanelo emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kuziphendukela kwemvelo kuzoqinisa isikhundla seSolar njengamandla aqinile futhi anamandla.

Ukujulisa ulwazi lwakho ngamandla elanga nezinselelo zalo zemvelo, thintana ne feza PVGIS khapha kucacisa zonke izici zobuchwepheshe nezomlawuli. Le khasi PVGIS umcabango Futhi ihlinzeka ngezinsizakusebenza ezikhethekile zochwepheshe bezimboni.

I-FAQ - imibuzo ebuzwa njalo mayelana nomnotho oyindilinga kanye namaphaneli elanga

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwenza kabusha iphaneli yelanga?

Inqubo ephelele ye-Solar Panel Recycling ngokuvamile ithatha amahora ama-2-4 ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe. Lesi sikhathi sibandakanya ukusatshalaliswa, ukuhlukaniswa ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nokwelashwa okuyisisekelo kokuhlanza. Izinqubo zezimboni zanamuhla zingaphatha amaphaneli afinyelela ku-200 ngosuku ezikhungweni ezikhethekile.

Yini izindleko zokuvuselela kabusha iphaneli yelanga?

Izindleko zokuphinda usebenzise kabusha ziyahlukahluka phakathi €I-10-30 ngephaneli ngalinye ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe futhi kusetshenzwe amavolumu. Le ndleko ifaka ukuqoqwa, ukuthutha, kanye nokusebenza. E-Europe, umnikelo ohlanganiswe ngentengo yokuthenga ehlanganisa lezi zimali. Ngokwanda okuthuthukile, izindleko kufanele zehle ngo-40-50% ngonyaka ka-2030.

Amaphaneli elanga asetshenziswa kabusha asebenza kahle njengezinto ezintsha?

Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe eziphindaphindeke, ikakhulukazi i-silicon ehlanziwe, ingafinyelela ama-98% okusebenza kwe-silgin we-silcon. Amaphaneli akhiqizwa nge-Silicon esetshenzisiwe esetshenzisiwe ye-Silicon yama-module endabuko. ILifespan ihlala ifana, iminyaka engama-25-30 eneminyaka enezinto ezijwayelekile.

Ingabe zikhona izibopho ezivuselelwa kabusha zomthetho zabantu?

E-Europe, i-Weee Directive Rethued inika amandla iqoqo lamahhala lamaphaneli asetshenzisiwe. Abantu kufanele bafake amaphaneli amadala ezindaweni zokuqoqa ezivunyiwe noma zibabuyisele kubasabalalisi ngesikhathi sokubuyiselwa. Ukugcwala komhlaba noma ukulahla kwenqatshelwe futhi kuncike kunenhlawulo.

Ungakubona kanjani i-Recycte eqinisekisiwe yamaphaneli ami elanga?

Funa i-ISO 14001 (Ukuphathwa Kwezemvelo) kanye nezitifiketi ze-ISO 45001 (Health-Safety). EYurophu, qinisekisa ubulungu bokujikeleza kwe-PV noma okulingana nakuzwelonke. Cela izikena ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo kanye nezitifiketi zokubhujiswa zezakhi ezingezona ezibuyiselwe. Isifaki sakho singakuqondisa kubalingani abaqinisekisiwe.

Malini i-CO2 ekuvuseleleni kabusha iphaneli yelanga?

Ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha iphaneli engu-300W kugwema ukuphuma cishe kwama-200 kg Lokhu kugcina kuvela ikakhulu kusuka ku-aluminium recycling (165 kg CO2) kanye ne-silicon (35 kg CO2). Kuwo wonke isisekelo esifakiwe, lokhu kugcina kuzokumelela amathani ayizigidi ezingama-50 okugwemeka i-CO2 ngo-2050.

Ngeminye imininingwane mayelana nobuchwepheshe belanga namathuluzi wokuhlola, hlola PVGIS Izici nezinzuzo noma finyelela okuphelele PVGIS blog ukumboza zonke izici zamandla elanga nama-photovoltaics.