I-Nominal Power and Standard Test Conditions (STC)
Ukusebenza kwemojuli ye-photovoltaic ngokuvamile kukalwa ngaphansi Kwezimo Zokuhlola Ezijwayelekile (STC), ezichazwe yizinga le-IEC 60904-1:
- I-Irradiance engu-1000 W/m² (ukukhanya kwelanga okuhle kakhulu)
- Izinga lokushisa lemojuli ku-25°C
- I-spectrum yokukhanya esezingeni (IEC 60904-3)
Amamojula we-Bifacial, athwebula ukukhanya nhlangothi zombili, angathuthukisa ukukhiqizwa ngokubonisa umhlabathi (albedo). PVGIS ayifanisi la mamojula, kodwa enye indlela ukusebenzisa i-BNPI (Bifacial Nameplate Irradiance), echazwa ngokuthi: I-P_BNPI = P_STC * (1 + φ * 0.135), lapho u-φ kuyisici se-bifaciality.
Imikhawulo yamamojula we-bifacial: Akufanelekile ukufaka okuhlanganisiwe kwesakhiwo lapho ingemuva lemojuli livimbekile. Ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo kuye ngokuthi umi kuphi (isb, i-eksisi eNyakatho-Ningizimu ebheke eMpumalanga-Ntshonalanga).
Isilinganiso Samandla Angempela Amamojula e-PV
Izimo zangempela zokusebenza zamaphaneli e-PV ziyahluka ezimeni ezijwayelekile (STC), ezithinta amandla okukhiphayo. PVGIS.COM isebenzisa izilungiso ezimbalwa ukuze ihlanganise lezi ziguquko.
1. Ukubonakaliswa kanye ne-Engeli Yokwenzeka Kokukhanya
Uma ukukhanya kushaya imojuli ye-PV, ingxenye iboniswa ngaphandle kokuguqulwa ibe ugesi. Uma i-engeli yesigameko ishubile, ukulahlekelwa kukhulu.
- Umthelela ekukhiqizeni: Ngokwesilinganiso, lo mphumela ubangela ukulahlekelwa okungu-2 kuya ku-4%, okuncishisiwe kumasistimu okulandelela ilanga.
2. Umthelela we-Solar Spectrum ku-PV Efficiency
Amaphaneli elanga azwela kumaza athile e-spectrum yokukhanya, ahluka ngobuchwepheshe be-PV:
- I-Crystalline Silicon (c-Si): Izwela kukukhanya kwe-infrared nokubonakalayo
- I-CdTe, CIGS, a-Si: Ukuzwela okuhlukile, okunempendulo encishisiwe ku-infrared
Izinto ezithonya i-spectrum: Ukukhanya kwasekuseni nakusihlwa kubomvu kakhulu.
Izinsuku zokuguquguquka zinyusa ingxenye yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umphumela we-spectral uthonya ngokuqondile amandla e-PV. PVGIS.COM isebenzisa idatha yesathelayithi ukuze ilungise lokhu kuhlukahluka futhi ihlanganise lezi zilungiso zibe izibalo zayo.
Ukuncika Kwamandla e-PV ku-Irradiance kanye Nezinga lokushisa
Izinga lokushisa kanye Nempumelelo
Ukusebenza kahle kwamaphaneli e-PV kuncipha ngezinga lokushisa lemojula, kuye ngobuchwepheshe:
Nge-irradiance ephezulu (>1000 W/m²), izinga lokushisa lemojuli liyakhuphuka: Ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle
Nge-irradiance ephansi (<400 W/m²), ukusebenza kahle kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-PV cell
Ukumodela ku PVGIS.COM
PVGIS.COM ilungisa amandla e-PV ngokusekelwe ku-irradiance (G) kanye nezinga lokushisa lemojuli (Tm) kusetshenziswa imodeli yezibalo (Huld et al., 2011):
P = (G/1000) * A * eff(G, Tm)
Ama-coefficients aqondene nobuchwepheshe be-PV ngayinye (c-Si, CdTe, CIGS) asuselwa kuzilinganiso zokuhlola futhi asetshenziswa ku- PVGIS.COM ukulingiswa.
Ukumodela izinga lokushisa lamamojula e-PV
- Izinto ezithonya izinga lokushisa lemojuli (Tm)
- Izinga lokushisa lomoya we-ambient (Ta)
- I-Solar irradiance (G)
- Ukungenisa umoya (W) – Umoya onamandla upholisa imojuli
-
Imodeli yezinga lokushisa ngaphakathi PVGIS (Faiman, 2008):
Tm = Ta + G / (U0 + U1W)
Ama-coefficients U0 kanye ne-U1 ayahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lokufakwa:
| Ubuchwepheshe be-PV | Ukufakwa | U0 (W/°C-m²) | U1 (Ws/°C-m³) |
|---|---|---|---|
| c-Si | Ukuzimela | 26.9 | 26.9 |
| c-Si | I-BIPV/BAPV | 20.0 | 20.0 |
| Ama-CIGS | Ukuzimela | 22.64 | 22.64 |
| Ama-CIGS | I-BIPV/BAPV | 20.0 | 20.0 |
| I-CdTe | Ukuzimela | 23.37 | 23.37 |
| I-CdTe | I-BIPV/BAPV | 20.0 | 20.0 |
Ukulahlekelwa Kwesistimu Nokuguga Kwamamojula we-PV
Zonke izibalo ezedlule zinikeza amandla ezingeni lemojuli, kodwa okunye ukulahlekelwa kufanele kucatshangelwe:
- Ukulahlekelwa kokuguqulwa (inverter)
- Ukulahleka kwezintambo
- Umehluko emandleni phakathi kwamamojula
- Ukuguga kwamaphaneli e-PV
Ngokocwaningo lukaJordan & Kurtz (2013), amaphaneli e-PV alahlekelwa ngokwesilinganiso amandla angu-0.5% ngonyaka. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-20, amandla abo ancishiswa abe ngu-90% yenani lawo lokuqala.
- PVGIS.COM incoma ukuthi kufakwe ukulahlekelwa kwesistimu kokuqala okungu-3% ngonyaka wokuqala ukuze kulandelwe ukucekelwa phansi kwesistimu, bese kuba ngu-0.5% ngonyaka.
Ezinye Izinto Ezingacatshangwanga Ku PVGIS
Eminye imiphumela ithonya ukukhiqizwa kwe-PV kodwa ayifakiwe kuyo PVGIS:
- Isithwathwa kumaphaneli: Yehlisa kakhulu ukukhiqiza. Kuya ngokuvama kanye nesikhathi sokukhithika kweqhwa.
- Ukunqwabelana kothuli nokungcola: Yehlisa amandla e-PV, kuye ngokuhlanza kanye nemvula.
- Ukufiphaza ingxenye: Inomthelela onamandla uma imojuli ifakwe umbala. Lo mphumela kufanele ulawulwe ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-PV.
Isiphetho
Sibonga inqubekelaphambili ekufanisweni kwe-photovoltaic kanye nedatha yesathelayithi, PVGIS.COM ivumela ukulinganisa okunembile kwamandla okukhipha amamojula we-PV ngokucabangela imiphumela yemvelo nezobuchwepheshe.
Kungani Sebenzisa PVGIS.COM?
Ukumodela okuthuthukisiwe kwe-irradiance kanye nezinga lokushisa lemojula
Ukulungiswa okususelwe kudatha yesimo sezulu neyokubukwayo
Isilinganiso esithembekile sokulahlekelwa kwesistimu nokuguga kwephaneli
Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwelanga endaweni ngayinye