Sawun Carbon na Samar da Hoton Voltaic
Kera hayaki
Samar da hasken rana yana haifar da hayaƙin CO2 da aka fi mayar da hankali a farkon matakan masana'antu tsari. Cirar siliki da tsarkakewa kaɗai ke da kashi 40% na jimillar hayaƙin rayuwa na a photovoltaic panel.
Na baya-bayan nan fasahar hasken rana sababbin abubuwa sun rage girman wannan sawun carbon. TOPcon da heterojunction fasahohin na buƙatar ƙarin matakai masu rikitarwa amma suna ba da ingantaccen aiki wanda ya fi rama su samar da makamashi halin kaka.
Lokacin Biyan Makamashi
Tsarin hasken rana na zamani "yana biya" makamashin da ake buƙata don masana'anta a cikin shekaru 1 zuwa 4 dangane da fasahar da aka yi amfani da ita, yayin da ake aiki da kyau don shekaru 25 zuwa 30. Wannan lokacin dawo da makamashi yana ci gaba da zuwa inganta godiya ga ci gaban fasaha a cikin masana'anta na hasken rana matakai.
Amfanin Albarkatun Kasa
Raw Materials da Minerals
Tasirin muhalli na samar da makamashin hasken rana ya bambanta bisa ga daban-daban masana'anta hasken rana hanyoyin kuma ya ƙunshi hakar albarkatun ƙasa daban-daban:
Siliki: Yarinyar albarkatu a cikin ɓawon ƙasa (28% na abun da ke ciki), silicon duk da haka yana buƙatar tsarin tsarkakewa mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Masu kera yanzu suna inganta ayyukan su ta hanyar amfani da sabuntawa wutar lantarki ga wannan muhimmin mataki.
Rare MetalsAzurfa: Azurfa, da ake amfani da ita don lambobin lantarki, tana wakiltar kusan 0.1% na jimlar panel nauyi. Masu kera suna haɓaka hanyoyin daban kamar lambobin tagulla don rage wannan dogaro.
Aluminum da Gilashi: Waɗannan kayan, waɗanda ake amfani da su don firam da kariya, ana iya sake yin su da yawa kuma wakiltar ƙananan sawun muhalli.
Amfanin Ruwa
Tsarin samar da kwayar halitta na photovoltaic yana buƙatar ruwa mai yawa, da farko don tsaftacewa da sanyaya. Madaidaicin tantanin halitta yana cinye kusan lita 3 na ruwa kowace watt da aka shigar. Masu sana'a masu alhakin aiwatar da tsarin sake amfani da ruwa don rage wannan tasirin.
Gudanar da Sharar Samfura
Sharar Masana'antu
Kowane mataki na hanyoyin samar da hasken rana yana haifar da samfurori waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa mai kyau:
- Silicon kura: An tattara kuma an sake yin fa'ida cikin sabbin ingots
- Etching acid: Bi da kuma neutralized kafin zubar
- Abubuwan kaushi na halitta: Distilled kuma sake amfani dashi a cikin matakai
Inganta Haɓakawa
Haɓaka haɓakar samarwa ta hanyar injiniya yana rage adadin sharar da ake samarwa a kowace watt. Tantanin halitta na zamani mai kashi 22% inganci yana haifar da 30% ƙasa da sharar gida fiye da tantanin aiki mai inganci 15% don irin ƙarfin da aka shigar. Sabbin masana'antu hanyoyin suna ci gaba da inganta waɗannan hanyoyin gaba.
Cikakkar Nazarin Rayuwar Rayuwa
Matakin samarwa (shekaru 0-2)
Wannan lokaci yana maida hankali kashi 85% na jimlar sawun carbon na tsarin photovoltaic. Samar da maɓalli mafi tasiri matakai sune:
- Silicon tsarkakewa (40% na hayaki)
- Girman ci gaba (25% na hayaki)
- Yanke wafer (15% na hayaki)
- Haɗin Module (20% na hayaki)
Matakin Aiki (shekaru 2-30)
A cikin wannan tsawan lokacin, tasirin muhalli yana iyakance ga:
- Kulawa na rigakafi (tsaftacewa, dubawa)
- Sauyawa inverter lokaci-lokaci
- Sufuri don shiga tsakani
Sawun carbon na wannan lokaci yana wakiltar ƙasa da 5% na jimlar sama da shekaru 30. Don ingantaccen tsarin aiki A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da kayan aiki kamar su PVGIS hasken rana kalkuleta yana taimakawa tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki.
Matakin Ƙarshen Rayuwa (bayan shekaru 30)
Sake amfani da hasken rana mafita zama mai mahimmanci a nan. Na'urorin ƙarshen rayuwa sun ƙunshi abubuwa masu mahimmanci:
- Gilashin: 75% na nauyi, 95% mai yiwuwa
- Aluminum: 8% na nauyi, 100% sake yin amfani da su
- Polymers: 7% na nauyi, wani sashi na sake yin amfani da shi
- Silicon da karafa: 10% na nauyi, mai yiwuwa
Kwatanta da Burbushin Man Fetur
Kaucewa Fitarwa
Tsarin photovoltaic na 3 kWc yana guje wa fitar da ton 1.2 na CO2 a kowace shekara a Faransa, jimlar ton 36 akan sa. rayuwa. Wannan aikin yana sanya hasken rana a cikin mafi tsabta hanyoyin makamashi da ake samu.
Factor Emission
Abubuwan da ake fitarwa na hotovoltaic suna tsakanin 20 zuwa 50 g CO2/kWh dangane da fasaha, idan aka kwatanta da 820 g CO2/kWh na kwal da 490 g CO2/kWh don iskar gas. Wannan babban bambanci yana tabbatar da muhallin hasken rana amfani.
Dabarun Rage Tasiri
Ingantaccen Tsari
Masu masana'anta suna saka hannun jari sosai don inganta ayyukan su:
- Tanderun dawo da zafi don narkewar silicon
- Sabunta wutar lantarki zuwa masana'antun wutar lantarki
- Ƙananan ƙazantattun matakan sinadarai don maganin saman
Zane mai alhakin Eco
Sabbin ƙarni na bangarori sun haɗa ƙa'idodin muhalli daga matakin ƙira:
- Rage abubuwa masu mahimmanci (azurfa, indium)
- Ingantattun sake amfani da ɓangarorin
- Tsawon rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 35-40
Tasirin Halittu
Shigarwa da aka haɗe ƙasa
Filayen gonakin hasken rana na iya yin tasiri ga bambancin halittu na gida, amma akwai ingantattun matakan ragewa:
- Hanyoyin muhalli tsakanin layuka
- Tsire-tsire masu dacewa a ƙarƙashin da kewayen shigarwa
- Lokutan shigarwa game da hawan haifuwa
Shigar da rufin rufin
Kayan aikin rufin rufi, kamar waɗanda aka inganta ta PVGIS kayan aikin kwaikwayo, yanzu kadan tasirin rayayyun halittu yayin da ake haɓaka amfani da rigar da aka yi amfani da su. The PVGIS na'urar kwaikwayo ta kudi zai iya taimakawa kimanta duka fa'idodin tattalin arziki da muhalli na tsarin rufin rufin.
Dokokin Muhalli da Ka'idoji
Dokokin Turai
Umurnin WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) ya buƙaci tattarawa da sake yin amfani da su. Ƙarshen rayuwa na hotunan hoto tun 2014. Wannan ƙa'idar tana ba da garantin mafi ƙarancin sake amfani da 80%.
Takaddun shaida na Muhalli
ISO 14001 da Cradle to Cradle takaddun shaida suna jagorantar masana'antun zuwa ƙarin ayyuka masu dorewa. Wadannan Ma'auni sun ƙunshi duk tsawon rayuwa, daga hakar albarkatun ƙasa zuwa sake yin amfani da su na ƙarshe.
Abubuwan Haɓakawa na gaba
Fasahar Farko
Sabbin gyare-gyaren masana'antu na baya-bayan nan sun yi alƙawarin manyan nasarorin muhalli:
- Kwayoyin Perovskite: Ƙananan samar da zafin jiki
- Fasahar halitta: Abubuwan da za a iya lalata su
- 3D bugu: Rage sharar samarwa
Tattalin Arziki na Da'ira
Cikakken haɗin kai na tattalin arzikin madauwari a cikin ɓangaren photovoltaic yana buƙatar:
- Tsare-tsaren muhalli na sabbin samfura
- Ingantattun hanyoyin sadarwar tarawa don kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su
- Tashoshin sake yin amfani da su na musamman da riba
Ga masu sha'awar bincika biranen hasken rana da tasirin muhallinsu, namu Solar Jagorar birane yana ba da haske mai mahimmanci game da aiwatar da hasken rana na birni.
Kammalawa
Binciken muhalli ya nuna cewa yayin samar da makamashin hasken rana yana da tasirin muhalli a lokacin masana'antu, wannan yana da sauri diyya ta shekaru da yawa na samar da makamashi mai tsabta. Ci gaba da ci gaba a cikin Hanyoyin masana'antu, haɗe tare da ingantattun hanyoyin sake yin amfani da su, suna sanya makamashin hasken rana ɗaya daga cikin mafi hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai dorewa da ake samu a yau.
Don cikakken bincike game da tasirin mahalli na shigarwar hasken rana, bincika mu PVGIS tsare-tsaren biyan kuɗi wanda ya haɗa da ingantaccen kimanta tasirin muhalli.
FAQ - Tasirin Muhalli na Samar da Makamashin Rana
Shin hasken rana yana gurɓata lokacin masana'anta?
Masana'antar hasken rana yana haifar da hayaƙin CO2, galibi saboda tsarkakewar silicon. Duk da haka, waɗannan Ana kashe fitar da hayaki a cikin shekaru 1 zuwa 4 na aiki, yayin da kwamitin ke aiki na shekaru 25 zuwa 30. The Ma'aunin muhalli ya kasance mai inganci.
Yaya tsawon lokacin da na'urar hasken rana ke ɗaukar tasirin carbon ɗin sa?
Lokacin dawowar carbon ya bambanta ta hanyar fasaha da wurin shigarwa:
- Shekaru 1 zuwa 2 a yankuna masu tsananin rana
- Shekaru 2 zuwa 4 a matsakaicin yankunan hasken rana
Sabbin fasahohin na ci gaba da rage wannan lokacin. Don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai, duba mu PVGIS takardun shaida.
Ana iya sake yin amfani da hasken rana?
Ee, masu amfani da hasken rana ana iya sake yin amfani da su kashi 95%. Gilashi da aluminium sake yin fa'ida cikin sauƙi, yayin da ana iya tsarkake silicon zuwa kera sabbin sel. Tashoshin sake amfani da su na musamman suna haɓaka don haɓaka wannan tsari.
Shin hakar silicon na gurɓata ne?
Silicon hakar kanta yana ɗan ƙazanta saboda wannan albarkatun yana da yawa sosai. Tsarin tsarkakewa ne wanda ke cinye makamashi mai mahimmanci. Masu kera suna ƙara amfani da wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa don wannan muhimmin mataki.
Menene tasirin ruwan hasken rana?
Samar da panel yana buƙatar ruwa don tsaftacewa da sanyaya kayan aiki. Masu sana'a masu alhakin sake sarrafa wannan ruwa da rage amfani. A cikin aiki, bangarori ba su cinye ruwa ba, sabanin masana'antar wutar lantarki.
Ta yaya zan iya rage tasirin mahalli na saka hasken rana?
Don rage tasirin muhalli:
- Zaɓi takaddun takaddun shaida daga masana'anta masu alhakin
- Inganta girman girma tare da PVGIS kalkuleta don kaucewa wuce gona da iri
- Fi son rufin rufin sama da shigarwa na ƙasa
- Shirya sake yin amfani da shi daga shigarwa
- Kasance da sanarwa ta hanyar mu PVGIS blog don mafi kyau ayyukan muhalli
Shin bangarori na kasar Sin sun fi gurbata yanayi?
Tasirin muhalli ya dogara da fasahohin da ake amfani da su da hanyoyin samar da makamashi fiye da wurin. Wasu Sinawa masana'antun suna saka hannun jari sosai don sabunta makamashi don wuraren samar da su, suna rage sawun carbon ɗin su. Don cikakkun kwatancen fasali, bincika PVGIS24 fasali da amfani.
Ya kamata mu jira ƙarancin ƙazanta sabbin fasahohi?
A'a, fasahar zamani sun riga sun gabatar da ma'auni mai kyau na muhalli. Jiran zai jinkirta nan da nan amfanin muhalli. Haɓaka fasaha na faruwa ci gaba kuma ana iya haɗa su yayin gaba sabunta kayan aiki