Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfafawa da Matsayin Gwaji (STC)
Gabaɗaya ana auna aikin ƙirar hotovoltaic a ƙarƙashin Standard Test Conditions (STC), wanda ma'aunin IEC 60904-1 ya ayyana:
- Hasken hasken rana 1000 W/m² (mafi kyawun hasken rana)
- Yanayin zafin jiki a 25 ° C
- Daidaitaccen bakan haske (IEC 60904-3)
Kayan aikin bifacial, waɗanda ke ɗaukar haske a bangarorin biyu, na iya haɓaka samarwa ta hanyar tunani na ƙasa (albedo). PVGIS Har yanzu bai ƙirƙira waɗannan samfuran ba, amma hanya ɗaya ita ce amfani da BNPI (Bifacial Nameplate Irradiance), wanda aka ayyana azaman: P_BNPI = P_STC * (1 + φ * 0.135), inda φ shine ma'aunin bifaciality.
Iyakance na tsarin bifacial: Bai dace da haɗin ginin gini ba inda aka toshe ƙarshen tsarin. Canje-canjen aiki dangane da fuskantarwa (misali, axis Arewa-Kudu tare da fuskantar Gabas-Yamma).
Ƙididdiga na Haƙiƙanin Ƙarfin Modulolin PV
Ainihin yanayin aiki na bangarorin PV sun bambanta da daidaitattun yanayi (STC), wanda ke shafar ikon fitarwa. PVGIS.COM yana aiwatar da gyare-gyare da yawa don haɗa waɗannan masu canji.
1. Tunani da kusurwar Haskakawa
Lokacin da haske ya sami tsarin PV, wani yanki yana nunawa ba tare da an canza shi zuwa wutar lantarki ba. Mafi girman kusurwar abin da ya faru, mafi girman asarar.
- Tasiri akan samarwa: A matsakaita, wannan tasirin yana haifar da asarar 2 zuwa 4%, rage don tsarin sa ido na hasken rana.
2. Tasirin Bakan Rana akan Ingantaccen PV
Fuskokin hasken rana suna da kula da wasu tsayin daka na bakan haske, wanda ya bambanta ta hanyar fasahar PV:
- Silicon Crystalline (c-Si): Mai hankali ga infrared da haske mai gani
- CdTe, CIGS, a-Si: Hankali daban-daban, tare da rage martani a cikin infrared
Abubuwan da ke tasiri bakan: Hasken safe da maraice ya fi ja.
Ranakun girgije suna ƙara yawan hasken shuɗi. Tasirin kallo kai tsaye yana rinjayar ikon PV. PVGIS.COM yana amfani da bayanan tauraron dan adam don daidaita waɗannan bambance-bambancen kuma ya haɗa waɗannan gyare-gyare a cikin lissafinsa.
Dogaro da Ƙarfin PV akan Haske da Zazzabi
Zazzabi da inganci
Ingantattun bangarorin PV yana raguwa tare da zafin jiki, dangane da fasaha:
A high irradiance (>1000 W/m²), module zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa: Asarar aiki
A low irradiance (<400 W/m²), inganci ya bambanta bisa ga nau'in tantanin halitta PV
Yin samfuri a ciki PVGIS.COM
PVGIS.COM yana daidaita ikon PV dangane da rashin haske (G) da yanayin zafin jiki (Tm) ta amfani da ƙirar lissafi (Hold et al., 2011):
P = (G/1000) * A * eff(G, Tm)
Ƙididdigar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ga kowane fasaha na PV (c-Si, CdTe, CIGS) an samo su daga ma'aunin gwaji kuma ana amfani da su zuwa PVGIS.COM kwaikwayo.
Samfuran Yanayin Zazzabi na Modulolin PV
- Abubuwan da ke tasiri yanayin zafin jiki (Tm)
- Yanayin yanayin yanayi (Ta)
- Hasken rana (G)
- Samun iska (W) - Iska mai ƙarfi tana kwantar da tsarin
-
Samfurin zafin jiki a ciki PVGIS (Faiman, 2008):
Tm = Ta + G / (U0 + U1W)
Ƙididdigar U0 da U1 sun bambanta bisa ga nau'in shigarwa:
| Fasahar PV | Shigarwa | U0 (W/°C-m²) | U1 (Ws/°C-m³) |
|---|---|---|---|
| c-Si | 'Yanci | 26.9 | 26.9 |
| c-Si | BIPV/BAPV | 20.0 | 20.0 |
| CIGS | 'Yanci | 22.64 | 22.64 |
| CIGS | BIPV/BAPV | 20.0 | 20.0 |
| CDTe | 'Yanci | 23.37 | 23.37 |
| CDTe | BIPV/BAPV | 20.0 | 20.0 |
Asarar tsarin da tsufa na Modulolin PV
Duk lissafin da ya gabata yana ba da iko a matakin ƙirar, amma sauran asarar dole ne a yi la'akari da su:
- Asarar juyawa (inverter)
- Asarar waya
- Bambance-bambancen iko tsakanin kayayyaki
- Tsufa na bangarorin PV
Dangane da binciken da Jordan & Kurtz (2013), bangarorin PV suka yi hasarar matsakaicin 0.5% na iko a kowace shekara. Bayan shekaru 20, an rage ikon su zuwa kashi 90% na ƙimar farko.
- PVGIS.COM yana ba da shawarar shigar da asarar tsarin farko na 3% na shekara ta farko don lissafin lalacewar tsarin, sannan 0.5% a kowace shekara.
Wasu Abubuwan Ba a La'akari da su ba PVGIS
Wasu tasirin suna tasiri samar da PV amma ba a haɗa su a ciki PVGIS:
- Dusar ƙanƙara a kan bangarori: Tsananin rage samarwa. Ya dogara da mita da tsawon lokacin saukar dusar ƙanƙara.
- Tarin kura da datti: Yana rage ƙarfin PV, dangane da tsaftacewa da hazo.
- Bangaren shading: Yana da tasiri mai ƙarfi idan samfurin yana inuwa. Dole ne a sarrafa wannan tasirin yayin shigar da PV.
Kammalawa
Godiya ga ci gaba a cikin ƙirar ƙirar hoto da bayanan tauraron dan adam, PVGIS.COM yana ba da damar ƙididdige ƙididdiga na ƙarfin fitarwa na samfuran PV ta hanyar la'akari da tasirin muhalli da fasaha.
Me yasa Amfani PVGIS.COM?
Babban ƙirar ƙira na haske da zafin jiki
gyare-gyare bisa yanayin yanayi da bayanan gani
Ƙididdiga mai dogaro na asarar tsarin da tsufa na panel
Inganta samar da hasken rana ga kowane yanki