Menene Samfurin Solar Panel?
Ƙirƙirar fasahar hasken rana wani tsari ne na fasaha mai rikitarwa wanda ke canza makamashin hasken rana zuwa wutar lantarki mai amfani.
Wannan canji yana faruwa ta hanyar tasirin hoto, wanda Alexandre Edmond Becquerel ya gano a cikin 1839.
wanda
yana ba da damar ƙwayoyin rana su samar da wutar lantarki lokacin da aka fallasa su zuwa haske.
The tsarin samar da hasken rana Ya ƙunshi matakai masu mahimmanci, daga ɗanyen silicon
cirewa zuwa shigarwa na ƙarshe na samfurori na hotovoltaic a kan rufin rufi ko a cikin tsire-tsire masu hasken rana.
Muhimman Matakai guda 7 na Samar da Rana
1. Ciwon Silicon da Tsarkakewa
Na farko mataki na samar da hasken rana fara da cire silicon daga yashi quartz (SiO₂).
Silicon yana lissafin kusan kashi 90% na ƙwayoyin photovoltaic na yanzu.
Tsarin tsarkakewa:
- Rage quartz a cikin tanderun baka na lantarki a 3,632°F (2,000°C)
- Samar da silicon karfe (98% tsarki)
- Tsabtace sinadarai ta hanyar Siemens don cimma tsabtar 99.9999%.
- Samar da siliki mai darajar hasken rana
Wannan matakin yana cin makamashi mai yawa, wanda ke wakiltar kusan kashi 45% na jimillar sawun carbon ta hanyar hasken rana.
2. Ƙirƙirar Crystalline Silicon Ingots
Da zarar an tsarkake, silicon yana narkar da shi kuma ya zama crystallized don samar da ingots na cylindrical (monocrystalline) ko tubalan murabba'i.
(polycrystalline).
Manyan hanyoyi guda biyu:
- Hanyar Czochralski: yana samar da silicon monocrystalline tare da ingantaccen inganci (20-22%)
- Hanyar yin wasan kwaikwayo: ƙera silicon polycrystalline, mai ƙarancin tsada amma tare da ƙasa
inganci
(15-17%)
3. Yankan Wafer
Sai a yanka ingots cikin siraran diski da ake kira wafers ta yin amfani da saws na waya na lu'u-lu'u. Wannan
m masana'antu mataki yana ƙayyade kauri na ƙarshe na ƙwayoyin photovoltaic.
Halayen wafer:
- Kauri: 180 zuwa 200 micrometers
- Asarar kayan abu: kusan 50% yayin yankan
- Filaye mai gogewa da rubutu don haɓaka ɗaukar haske
4. Samuwar Kwayoyin Rana
Wannan mataki yana canza wafers zuwa sel masu aiki waɗanda ke iya samar da wutar lantarki.
Tsarin doping:
- P-nau'in doping: ƙara boron don ƙirƙirar caji mai kyau
- N-nau'in doping: hada da phosphorus don caji mara kyau
- Samar da haɗin PN, zuciyar tasirin hoto
Ƙara lambobin lantarki:
- Buga allo na pastes masu aiki (azurfa, aluminum)
- Harba mai zafi don haɗa lambobin sadarwa
- Gwajin lantarki na kowane tantanin halitta
5. Solar Module Assembly
Kwayoyin ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun an haɗa su don samarwa cikakken solar panels.
Tsarin tsari:
- Gilashin anti-reflective (fuskar gaba)
- EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) encapsulant
- Kwayoyin photovoltaic masu haɗin kai
- Tashin baya mai kariya (fuskar baya)
- Aluminum frame don rigidity
Kwanan nan sababbin abubuwa a cikin panel
masana'antu sun haɗa da TOPCon da fasahar heterojunction, ba da damar ingantaccen aiki
wuce 23%.
6. Gwajin inganci da Takaddun shaida
Kowane mai amfani da hasken rana yana jurewa m gwaji don tabbatar da aiki da karko:
- Gwajin wuta a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (STC)
- Gwajin rufin lantarki
- Gwajin juriya yanayi
- Takaddun shaida na duniya (IEC 61215, IEC 61730)
7. Shigarwa da Gudanarwa
Mataki na ƙarshe ya haɗa da shigar da bangarori a wurin da suka nufa:
Shigarwa na gida:
- Nazarin yiwuwa ta amfani da kayan aiki kamarPVGIS24
- Rufin ko hawan ƙasa
- Haɗin lantarki da ƙaddamarwa
Shigarwa na kasuwanci:
- Manyan masana'antar hasken rana
- Haɗin grid
- Nagartattun tsarin sa ido
Fasaha masu tasowa a cikin Samar da Rana
Kwayoyin Perovskite
Kwayoyin Perovskite wakiltar makomar samar da photovoltaic tare da ka'idar
inganci ya wuce 40% a cikin saitunan tandem.
Kwayoyin Bifacial
Wadannan sel suna ɗaukar haske a bangarorin biyu, suna haɓaka samar da makamashi da kashi 10 zuwa 30% dangane da yanayin.
Shirye-shiryen Fim Na Siriri
Madadin silicon crystalline, wannan fasaha yana amfani da ƙarancin sinadarai yayin da yake riƙe da kyau
inganci.
Tasirin Muhalli da Dorewa
Samar da hasken rana na zamani ya haɗa da haɓaka damuwa na muhalli. The tasirin muhalli na hasken rana
makamashi ya ci gaba da raguwa saboda haɓakar fasaha.
Lokacin dawowar makamashi: Kamfanin hasken rana yana mayar da makamashin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen kera shi tsakanin 1 zuwa 4
shekaru, tsawon rayuwa daga shekaru 25 zuwa 30.
Sake amfani da hasken rana
mafita Hakanan suna zama mahimmanci, tare da shirye-shiryen sake yin amfani da su suna ba da damar dawo da kashi 95% na
kayan aiki.
Haɓaka Ayyukan Solar ɗinku
Don girman shigarwar ku yadda ya kamata, yi amfani da PVGIS lissafin hasken rana wanda yayi la'akari:
- Hasken rana a yankin ku
- Mafi kyawun daidaitawa da karkatar da hankali
- Shading mai yuwuwa da cikas
- Hasashen samar da makamashi
The PVGIS na'urar kwaikwayo ta kudi kuma yana taimaka muku
kimanta ribar hannun jarin ku na hotovoltaic.
Makomar Samar da Rana
Matakan masana'anta na hotovoltaic ci gaba da canzawa tare da:
- Ƙara aiki da kai na samar da layukan
- Rage farashin masana'anta
- Inganta samar da makamashi
- Haɗin kaifin basirar wucin gadi don ingantawa
Kwatanta samarwa daban-daban
hanyoyin ya nuna cewa silicon crystalline ya kasance mai rinjaye, amma madadin fasahar sune
samun
ƙasa.
FAQ - Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi Game da Samar da Rana
Yaya tsawon lokacin da ake ɗauka don kera panel na hasken rana?
Cikakkun masana'antar hasken rana, daga hakar siliki zuwa ƙãre samfurin, yana ɗaukar kusan 2 zuwa 4
makonni.
Koyaya, idan an haɗa da tsarkakewar silicon, tsarin zai iya tsawanta tsawon watanni da yawa.
Mene ne bambanci tsakanin monocrystalline da polycrystalline cell?
Kwayoyin Monocrystalline suna ba da ingantacciyar inganci (20-22%) da mafi kyawun aikin ƙarancin haske amma sun fi tsada.
Kwayoyin polycrystalline ba su da tsada tare da 15-17% inganci amma suna buƙatar ƙarin sarari don samarwa iri ɗaya.
Nawa ake bukata don samar da hasken rana?
Samar da 300W na hasken rana yana buƙatar kusan 200-400 kWh na makamashi, galibi don tsarkakewar silicon.
Ana kashe wannan makamashin a cikin shekaru 1-4 na amfani dangane da yankin shigarwa.
Ana iya sake yin amfani da hasken rana?
Ee, masu amfani da hasken rana ana iya sake yin amfani da su kashi 95%. Gilashi, aluminum, da silicon za a iya dawo dasu kuma a sake amfani dasu. Sake yin amfani da su
wurare suna haɓakawa a duk duniya don aiwatar da ƙarni na farko na bangarorin da suka kai ƙarshen rayuwa.
Menene tsawon rayuwar na'urar hasken rana?
Tsarin hasken rana yana da tsawon rayuwa na shekaru 25 zuwa 30 tare da garantin aiki yawanci yana ba da garantin 80% na farko.
mulki bayan shekaru 25. Wasu bangarori na iya ci gaba da aiki fiye da shekaru 30 tare da raguwa a hankali.
Yaya ake sarrafa inganci yayin samarwa?
Kowane matakin samarwa ya haɗa da sarrafawa masu inganci: gwajin lantarki na sel, dubawa na gani, inji
gwaje-gwajen juriya, takaddun shaida na dakin gwaje-gwaje mai zaman kansa, da gwajin aiki a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayi.
Wadanne kasashe ne suka mamaye samar da hasken rana a duniya?
Kasar Sin tana wakiltar kusan kashi 70% na samar da hasken rana a duniya, sai Malaysia, Vietnam, da Jamus.
Har ila yau, Turai da Amurka suna haɓaka ƙarfin samar da su don rage dogaro.
Shin za a iya inganta ingancin bangarorin da ake da su?
Da zarar an ƙera, ba za a iya inganta aikin panel ba. Koyaya, ingantaccen shigarwa (daidaitawa,
karkata,
tsarin sanyaya) zai iya haɓaka samarwa. Sabbin tsararraki yanzu sun sami aiki sama da kashi 23%.
Don zurfafa ilimin ku na hotovoltaic da haɓaka aikin ku na hasken rana, tuntuɓi mu cikakke PVGIS
jagora kuma gano mu daki-daki
takardun shaida an tanada don masu biyan kuɗi masu ƙima.
