Unyawo lwe-carbon yemveliso yefotovoltaic yemveliso
Ukukhutshwa ngokwemveliso
Imveliso yephaneli yelanga ivelisa i-CO2 ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 ngokuyintloko igxilwe kumanqanaba okuqala kwemveliso inkqubo. Ukukhutshwa kwesilika kunye nokucoca i-akhawunti ye-Akhawunti ye-40% yokupheliswa kobomi bonke ipaneli yefotovoltaic.
Okona kumva Itekhnoloji yePhepha yeSolar Intshayelelo Unciphise kakhulu le ndlu ye-carbon. I-topcon kunye ne-heterojunction Iitekhnoloji zetekhnoloji zifuna iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo kodwa zibonelela ngempumelelo ebalaseleyo yokuba Imveliso yamandla emveliso.
IXESHA LOKUGQIBELA
Iphaneli yelanga yanamhlanje "ihlawula umva" Amandla afunekayo kwimveliso yalo ngaphakathi kweminyaka eli-1 ukuya kweli-4 kuxhomekeka kwi Itekhnoloji esetyenzisiweyo, ngelixa usebenza ngokufanelekileyo iminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-30. Eli xesha lokuhlalisa amandla liyaqhubeka ukuphucula ukuba inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji ngaphakathi ukuveliswa kwephaneli yelanga iinkqubo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zendalo
Izinto ezingafunekiyo kunye neeminerals
Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yemveliso yamandla elanga iyahluka ngokwahlukileyo Imveliso ye-solar yeseli iindlela ngeendlela kwaye kubandakanya ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zoluhlaza:
Isilicon: Isibonelelo esininzi kwi-Crust yoMhlaba (i-28% yokuqulunqwa kwayo), isilicon nangona kunjalo ifuna inkqubo yokucoca amandla. Abavelisi bezokwandisa iinkqubo zabo ngokusebenzisa ehlaziyiweyo Umbane kweli nqanaba libalulekileyo.
Intsimbi enqabileyo: Isilivere, esetyenziselwa abafowunelwa bombane, imele malunga ne-0.1% ye-panel yephaneli iyonke ubunzima. Abavelisi baphuhlisa ezinye iindlela ezinje ngonxibelelwano lobhedu ukunciphisa oku kuxhomekeka.
I-aluminium kunye neglasi: Ezi zixhobo, zisetyenziselwa izakhelo kunye nokukhusela, zinokuphinda zisetyenziselwe imele i-foilral yendawo ephantsi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi
Inkqubo yokwenziwa kweselvoltaic ifuna inani elibalulekileyo lamanzi, ikakhulu ukucoca kunye ukupholisa. Iseli esemgangathweni isebenzisa malunga neelitha ezi-3 zamanzi nge-Watt. Abavelisi abanoxanduva Ukumiliselwa kweenkqubo zokuphinda kusetyenziswe iinkqubo zokuphinda zisetyenziselwe ukunciphisa le mpembelelo.
Ulawulo lwenkunkuma yemveliso
Inkunkuma yemizi-mveliso
Inqanaba ngalinye leendlela zelanga zelanga zivelisa iimveliso ezifuna ulawulo olufanelekileyo:
- Uthuli lwesilicon: Iqokelelwe kwaye iphinde isebenze kwi-ingots entsha
- I-etching acid: Ukuphathwa kwaye kuthathelwa phambili ngaphambi kokulahlwa
- Izinyibilikisi zezinto eziphilayo: Ibonwe kwaye iphinde yasetyenziswa kwakhona kwiinkqubo
Igalelo lesivuno
Ukuphuculwa kwemveliso yemveliso kunciphisa ubungakanani benkunkuma nge-Watt ye-Watt ye-Watt. Iseli yanamhlanje ene-22% Ukusebenza kakuhle kuvelisa i-30% yenkunkuma engaphantsi kwe-15% yeseli esebenzayo yamandla afakiweyo. Imveliso entsha Iindlela ziyaqhubeka nokwenza okusemandleni ezi nkqubo.
Uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lwe-woriclecle
ISigaba seMveliso (iminyaka emi-0-2)
Esi sigaba sigxile kwi-85% ye-PhotovlAic Systenon ye-carbon ye-carbon. Eyona mveliso iphambili yempembelelo IZIXHOBO ZIYA:
- Ukucoca i-Silicon (40% yokukhutshwa)
- Ukukhula kwe-Iyot (25% yokukhutshwa)
- Ukusika i-WED (i-15% yokukhupha)
- Indibano yemodyuli (i-20% yokukhupha)
ISigaba sokuSebenza (Iminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwengama-30)
Ngeli xesha landisiweyo, impembelelo yokusingqongileyo inqunyelwe:
- Ulondolozo loThintelo (ukucoca, ukuhlolwa)
- Ngamaxesha athile
- Ukuhamba ngongenelelo
Le nqanaba le-carbon ye-carbon limele ngaphantsi kwe-5% yesona sixa seminyaka engama-30. Umsebenzi wenkqubo efanelekileyo Ngeli nqanaba, ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezinje PVGIS ilanga isixhobo sokubala inceda ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okusebenzayo.
Isigaba sokuphela kobomi (emva kweminyaka engama-30)
Iphaneli yeSolar Recring izisombululo Yiba nobuntu apha. Iimodyuli zokuphela kobomi ziqukethe izixhobo ezixabisekileyo:
- Iglasi: I-75% yobunzima, i-95% ihlaziyiwe
- I-aluminium: I-8% yobunzima, i-100% ihlaziyiwe
- I-polymers: I-7% yobunzima, iphinde isebenze ngokuyinxenye
- Isilicon kunye nezinyithi: I-10% yobunzima, iyafumaneka
Thelekisa i-fossil fuels
Ukuthintela ukukhutshwa
Inkqubo ye-3 kwc potvoltaic icacisa ukukhutshwa kweetoni ze-CO2 ngonyaka eFrance, iphela itoni ezingama-36 ngaphezulu kwayo ubomi bonke. Le ntsebenzo ibeka ilanga phakathi kwemithombo yamandla acocekileyo ekhoyo.
Into yokukhupha
Izinto zokukhupha imifanekiso yefoto iqala phakathi kwe-20 ne-50 g co2 / kwh kuxhomekeke kwitekhnoloji, kuthelekiswa ne-820 g I-CO2 / kWh ye-Coal kunye ne-490 g co2 / kWh yegesi yendalo. Lo mmandla uthandwayo uqinisekisa indalo yesolar Izibonelelo.
Iindlela zokuncitshiswa kwempembelelo
Inkqubo yokuphucula
Abavelisi batyala imali eninzi ekufezekiseni iinkqubo zabo:
- Iziqithi zokubuyisela umva i-silicon ziyanyibilika
- Umbane ohlaziyiweyo kwimithombo yamandla
- Ukungcola kweenkqubo zekhemikhali zokuphathwa komhlaba
Uyilo oluxanduva lwe-Eco
Isizukulwana esitsha seephanels sidibanisa neenqobo zokusingqongileyo esivela kwinqanaba loyilo:
- Ukuncitshiswa kwezixhobo ezibalulekileyo (isilivere, i-Indium)
- Ukuphuculwa kwecandelo
- I-Lifepan eyandisiweyo ukuya kwi-35-40 iminyaka
Impembelelo ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi
Ufakelo olungelwe phantsi komhlaba
Iifama ezixhonyiweyo zelanga zinokuba nefuthe elihlukeneyo lendawo yokuhlala, kodwa amanyathelo okunciphisa afanelekileyo:
- Iipaseji zendalo phakathi kwemiqolo yepaneli
- Izityalo ezihlengahlengisiweyo phantsi kunye nokujikeleza
- Ixesha lokufakwa Ukuhlola imijikelezo yokuzala
Ukufakelwa kophahla
Ukufakelwa kophahla, njengezo zinto zilungele PVGIS Izixhobo zokulinganisa, funda ubuncinci Impembelelo yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi ngelixa yandiswa ukusetyenziswa kwendawo esele yenziwe. I PVGIS Isimo sezemali inokunceda Vavanya izibonelelo zophuhliso loqoqosho nezendalo zenkqubo yophahla.
Imigaqo yeNdalo kunye neMigangatho
Imiyalelo yaseYurophu
I-Weee (iNkunkuma yoMbane kunye ne-elektroniki) Umyalelo we-ACTE uqalile ukuqokelelwa kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona Ukuphela kwe-Photovoltaic panels ukusukela ngonyaka ka-2014. Lo mmiselo uqinisekisa umgangatho omncinci wokurilisela we-80%.
Izatifikethi zokusingqongileyo
I-IS 14001 kunye ne-cradle kuCradle yokuqinisekiswa kweziCwangciso zoMvelisi ovele kwiindlela ezizinzileyo. Ezi Imigangatho igubungela yonke impilo, ukusuka kwi-REW STAT yokukhutshelwa kwempahla yokuphinda isebenze kwakhona.
Amathemba ophuculo kwixesha elizayo
Itekhnoloji ekhulayo
Ukwenziwa kwemveliso yakutshanje kuthelekiswa nezinto ezibalulekileyo zokusingqongileyo:
- Iiseli ze-Perovskite: Ukuveliswa kobushushu obuphantsi
- Itekhnoloji ye-organic: Izixhobo ezinokuhlelwa
- I-3D Printa: Ukuncitshiswa kwenkunkuma yemveliso
Uqoqosho lweSetyhula
Ukudityaniswa ngokupheleleyo koqoqosho lweSetyhula kwicandelo lefotovoltaic icandelo lifuna:
- Uyilo lwe-Eco--yoyilo lweemveliso ezintsha
- Inethiwekhi efanelekileyo yokuqokelelwa kweemodyuli ezisetyenzisiweyo
- Iziteshi ezizodwa nezinenzuzo zokuphinda zisebenze
Kwabo banomdla wokuphonononga izixeko zeSolar kunye nefuthe labo, bethu Ilanga Isikhokelo seedolophu ibonelela ngengqondo exabisekileyo yokuphunyezwa kwelanga.
Ukuqukumbela
Uhlalutyo lokusingqongileyo lubonisa ukuba ngelixa imveliso yamandla elanga inefuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo ngexesha Ukwenza imveliso, oku kukhawuleza ukuqhubela phambili ngamashumi eminyaka yokwamandla okucocekileyo. Ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwi Iinkqubo zeMveliso, zidityaniswa nezisombululo zokuphinda zisebenze ngokutsha, zenza amandla elanga elinye Imithombo egciniweyo yamandla ekhoyo namhlanje.
Ngohlalutyo oluneenkcukacha zefuthe lakho lokusingqongileyo yelanga, hlome PVGIS Izicwangciso zokubhalisa kubandakanya uvavanyo lwempembelelo kokusingqongileyo.
I-FAQ-Impembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo yeNdawo yeLanga yelanga
Ngaba ukungcola kwephaneli yelanga ngexesha lokuvelisa?
Ukuveliswa kwephaneli yelanga kuvelisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuhlanjululwa kwe-sicon. Nangona kunjalo, ezi Ukukhutshwa kuncitshiswe ngaphakathi kweminyaka emi-4 ukuya kweli-4 yokusebenza, ngelixa iphaneli isebenza iminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-30 iminyaka. I Imali eseleyo yokusingqongileyo ihlala ilungile.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani iphaneli yelanga ukuba ikhuphe ifuthe lekhabhoni?
Ixesha lokuhlawula i-carbon liyahluka kwitekhnoloji kunye nendawo yokufaka:
- I-1 ukuya kwi-2 iminyaka kwimimandla enelanga kakhulu
- Iminyaka emi-2 ukuya kweli-4 kumhlaba ophakathi welanga
Itekhnoloji entsha iqhubela phambili le minyaka. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya ngakumbi, jonga yethu PVGIS amaxwebhu.
Ngaba iiphaphane zelanga zinokuphinda zisebenze?
Ewe, iipaneli zesola zingama-95% ezinokuphinda zisebenzise. Iglasi kunye ne-aluminium reclecle ngokulula, ngelixa i-sicon inokuhlanjululwa kwi Yenza iiseli ezintsha. Iziteshi ezizodwa ezikhethekileyo zikhulisa ukufundisa le nkqubo.
Ngaba ukungcoliseka kwesilika kungcolisa?
I-Silicon Shorection ingcoliseka kakhulu njengoko isibonelelo sinde kakhulu. Yinkqubo yokucoca etya amandla amakhulu. Abavelisi baya kufikelela kusetyenziswa umbane ohlaziyiweyo ngeli phulo ibalulekileyo.
Yintoni ifuthe lamanzi eephaneli zelanga?
Ukuveliswa kwepaneli kufuna amanzi okucoca kunye nezixhobo ezipholileyo. Abavelisi abanoxanduva basebenzise kwakhona oku amanzi kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa. Ukusebenza, iiphaneli zinokuthatha amanzi, ngokungafaniyo nezityalo zamandla okrwada.
Ndingayinciphisa njani ifuthe lendalo esingqongileyo?
Ukunciphisa ifuthe lokusingqongileyo:
- Khetha iipaneli eziqinisekisiweyo kubavelisi abanoxanduva
- Nyula ukulinganisa kunye PVGIS isixhobo sokubala ukubaleka Ukungaphezulu
- Khetha indawo yokuhlala ngaphezulu kokufakwa komhlaba
- ISICWANGCISO SOKUSETYENZISWA KOKUFAKWA KWESITHUBA
- Hlala unolwazi ngethu PVGIS blog ilungele Ukusebenza kokusingqongileyo
Ngaba iiphaneli zamaTshayina zingcolisa ngakumbi?
Impembelelo kwindalo esingqongileyo ixhomekeke ngakumbi kubuchwephesha obusetyenzisiweyo kunye nemithombo yamandla kwifektri kunendawo. Amanye amaTshayina Abavelisi batyalelanisa kakhulu kumandla ahlaziyiweyo kwiindawo zabo zemveliso, ukunciphisa i-carbon yonyawo lwabo. Iinkalo ezibanzi uthelekiso, uphonononga PVGIS24 Iimpawu kunye neziBonelelo.
Ngaba kufuneka silinde ukungcolisa itekhnoloji entsha?
Hayi, itekhnoloji yangoku esele ivele ibhalansi ethandekayo yokusingqongileyo. Ukulinda kuya kulibazisa kwangoko Izibonelelo zokusingqongileyo. Ukuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji kwenzeka ngokuqhubekayo kwaye kungadityaniswa ngexesha elizayo izixhobo zokuhlaziya