Iphaneli ye-solar iphinde isebenze kwakhona kunye nezisombululo zoqoqosho zesetyhula zokuzinza

Ukuqonda uqoqosho lwelanga

Uqoqosho lweSetyhula kwifotovoltaics lubonisa ukucofa ngokupheleleyo kwe-solar ye-solar. Ngokungafaniyo nemodeli yendabuko "yokuhambisa" ukuhambisa ", le ndlela ibeka phambili ukusetyenziswa kwakhona, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona, kunye nokukhuliswa kwezinto.

Olu tshintsho lujikeleza imigaqo-siseko emininzi esisiseko eguqukayo kwimveliso yelanga ngokwesiko. Uyilo oluxanduva lwe-Eco-ludibanisa icandelo lokuphinda lusebenzise isigaba sokukhula, ukunika amandla okuba lula kwezinto ezilula ekuphelisweni. I-EPPOS yokufaka i-SOL RALSEAT yenza enye intsika ebalulekileyo, eneephaneli ezenzelwe ukusebenza iminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-30 ubuncinci.

Ukuphuhliswa kwengqokelela ekhethekileyo kunye neendlela zokulungisa ukuhamba zihamba kunye nale ndlela, zenza i-qusystem epheleleyo yendalo. Ezi Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso Ngoku yenza ukuba izinga lokuphinda lisebenze liyi-95% yezinto ezithile.

Umceli mngeni wepaneli ye-solar ukuphinda uyisebenzise kwakhona

Ukuqulunqwa kunye nezixhobo ezinokuphinda zisebenze

Iiphaneli zesola zinezixhobo ezininzi ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo. I-Silicon imele malunga ne-76% yobunzima bebonke kwaye inokuhlanjululwa ukudala ii-wafs ezintsha. I-Aluminium evela kwiifreyimu, ngokutsha ngokutsha, yenza i-8% yobunzima. Iglasi, emele i-3% yobunzima, inokuphinda iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde izenzele iimodyuli ezintsha okanye ezinye izicelo zemveliso.

Izinyithi ezixabisekileyo ezinje ngesilivere, ekhoyo kunxibelelwano lombane, ukuba nexabiso lezoqoqosho elibalulekileyo elilungisa ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo. Ubhedu ukusuka kwi-wiring yangaphakathi inokukhutshwa kwaye iphinde ivuselelwe. Olu tshintsho lwezityebi kwizixhobo ezinokuphinda zisebenze kwakhona ziguqula ipaneli yobomi nganye ibe ngumgodi wedolophu.

Imifanekiso eqikelelweyo ye-Photovoltaic inkunkuma

I-Arhente yamandla ahlaziyiweyo yeHlabathi (irena) iqikelela ukuba iitoni ezingama-78 zeephaneli zeSolar ziya kufikelela ukuphela kobomi ngama-2050. Olu phawu lukhulu lusuka ekuqhubeni kwelanga ukusukela ngo-2000s. EYurophu, iifama zokuqala zelanga ezifakelweyo zifikelela kwisiphelo sazo.

Le meko imele ngaxeshanye umngeni omkhulu wokusingqongileyo kunye nethuba loqoqosho eliqaqambileyo. Ixabiso lezixhobo ezinokutsha banokufikelela kwi-15 yezigidi zeedola ezingama-2050, ngokoqikelelo lwe-Irena uqikelelo. Lo mbono ukhuthaza ukuphuculwa kwezinto ezihlengahlengisiweyo nezisebenzayo zokusetyenziswa kwenzuzo.

Iitekhnoloji kunye neenkqubo zokurisayikilisha

Iindlela ezibonisa iindlela

Inkqubo yokuphinda isebenze iqale ngokwahlulahlula izinto ezahlukeneyo. Iifreyimu ze-Aluminium zisuswe ngoomatshini, zinika amandla okufumana ngqo intsimbi. Iibhokisi ze-junction kunye neentambo zikhutshiwe ngokwahlukeneyo ukukhupha izinto zobhedu nakwiplastiki.

Ukwahlula iglasi kunye neeseli ze-silicon zenza eyona nyathelo lincinci. Iqela leendlela zeTeknoloji ezininzi ezikhoyo. Unyango oluphezulu lobushushu (500°C) Ivumela ukubola kwe-Eva (ye-Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) ebopha iiseli kwiglasi. Le ndlela, ngelixa inamandla-inzima, inikezela ngexabiso eliphezulu lokubuyisela.

Iinkqubo zekhemikhali zisebenzisa ezinye izinyibilikisi ezikhoyo ezikhoyo enye enye, ukulondolozwa ngcono ukuthembeka kwenyama. Ezi Itekhnoloji yeTekhnoloji Ngoku faka isicelo sokuphinda uyisebenzise kwakhona

Ukucocwa kwezixhobo kunye ne-velorizer

Nje ezahlukene, izixhobo zonyango eziqhubela phambili. Ukubuyisa i-silicon kufuna iinkqubo zokuthoba iikhemicali zokuphelisa ukungcola kwe-metric kunye neentsalela. Oku kucocwa kwenza ukuba i-silicon yomgangatho owoneleyo weephaneli ezintsha.

Isilivere, esona sinyithi sixabisekileyo kwiiphaneli, sijonga iindlela zokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo. Ukukhupha i-achid leaching kuvumela ukuphinda ufumane i-99% yesilivere yangoku. Ubhedu lulandela iinkqubo ezifanayo kunye namazinga okubuyisela ephakamileyo.

Ezi zixhobo ziphumeleleyo emva koko iphinda iphinde ibe Amanyathelo aphambili emveliso, ukudala ilog evaliweyo evaliweyo. Le ndlela yeSetyhula inciphisa kakhulu ukunciphisa iVidiyo yeVidiyo yoMzimba kunye ne-carbon ye-carbon.

Impembelelo kunye neziBonelelo zeNdalo kunye neziBonelelo

Ukuncitshiswa kwe-carbon

Uqoqosho lweaindi lusetyenziswe kwiiphaneli zesolar zivelisa izibonelelo ezibonakalayo zendalo. I-Silicon Recycling inokuthintela i-85% ye-Co2 imveliso ye-CO2 edityaniswe kwiVirginline semveliso. Oku kutya kumele malunga ne-1.4 yeetoni zokuthintela i-CO2 ngetoni ye-silicon ehlaziyiweyo.

I-Aluminium Ukubuyisela i-Aluminis isukuphetha i-95% ye-emsussion edityaniswe nemveliso ephambili. Ukujonga iphaneli iqulethe malunga ne-15 kg ye-aluminium, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona i-smught ye-165 kg co2 ngokulinganayo kwiphaneli nganye. Olu lukhululelo luqokelela ngokukhawuleza ngamandla anyukayo.

Uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lwe Impembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo yeNdawo yeMithombo yelanga Ibonisa ukuba ukudibanisa uqoqosho lwesetyhula kungayinciphisa i-thocboltaic ye-thoclon ye-thoclon's thoblon ngama-30 ukuya kwi-40%. Olu phuculo lubalulekileyo lomeleza isikhundla selanga njengoMthombo wamaNcedo ozinzileyo.

Ulondolozo lwezixhobo zeNdalo

Ukuphinda usebenzise izinto ezinqongopheleyo zendalo zihlala zigxile ngokwendawo. I-Meticon ye-Melicon ifuna iidipozithi ezicocekileyo ze-quartz, isibonelelo esingahlaziyekiyo. Ukufumana kwakhona i-silicon ukusuka kwiipaneli ezindala kunciphisa uxinzelelo kwezi posiplas zendalo.

Isilivere, ibaluleke kakhulu kumzi-mveliso wefotovoltaic, iphakame indawo yolondolozo lwehlabathi. Ngoncedo olumele i-10% yemveliso yesilivere yehlabathi, ishishini lelanga lixhomekeke kakhulu kwesi sinyithi sixabisekileyo. Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona kwenza ukuba kube senze isitokhwe sesilivere esisiseko, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwimigodi ephambili.

Ukulondolozwa kwezixhobo zokugcina kuhamba kunye neempembelelo ezincitshisiweyo kokusingqongileyo ezidityaniswe nokukhutshwa kwemigodi. Iisayithi ezimbalwa zokuzimba zithetha ukuba i-ecosystem ye-ecosystem, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi amanzi, kunye nokungcoliseka okuncinci okuzingcolisayo.

Imiceli mngeni kunye nezisombululo

Imiqobo ekhoyo yezoqoqosho

Umceli mngeni ophambili weefotovoltaic uqoqosho luqoqosho luhlala uqoqosho. Ukuqokelelwa, ukuthutha, kunye neendleko zokulungisa iiphaneli ezisetyenzisiweyo zihlala zingaphezulu kwexabiso lezinto ezibonakalayo. Le meko iphuma kwivolumu engaphantsi kunye nokungabikho kwezoqoqosho.

Amaxabiso eVirgin Silicon, ngokukodwa ukusukela ngo-2022, yenza ukuphinda usebenzise i-silicon ukhuphiswano kwezoqoqosho. Lo msebenzi wokuzibandakanya wezinto ezifundwayo zinokuphinda usebenzise ucwangciso lotyalo-mali lwezibonelelo. Iinkampani ziyathandana ngokutyala imali eninzi ngaphandle kwenzuzo yexesha elide.

Ukungabikho kweMigaqo yokuKhangela kumazwe amaninzi kukwabeka umda kuphuhliso lweentengiso. Ngaphandle koxanduva lokurisayikilisha ngokusemthethweni, abanini-maninzi bakhetha iindleko ezimbalwa kodwa okusingqongileyo kwindawo yobomi.

Ukuphuhlisa amajelo azodwa

Ukudala amajelo anokuphinda usebenzise izinto ezizodwa ezizodwa kufuna ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwabadlali abaninzi. Abavelisi bepaneli, abafake abafakelweyo, abatyayo, kunye nokuphinda-phinda kwakhona kufuneka basebenzise ngokusondeleyo. Le ntsebenziswano iyoyisela inkqubo nganye inyathelo kwaye inciphise iindleko ngokubanzi.

Amaziko okuqokelela kwingingqi asakhulayo aququzelela izinto kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zothutho. Ezi hub zigxila kuzo iipaneli zokuphela kobomi ngaphambi kokuqengqeleka kwiindawo zokulungisa. Lo mbutho welizwe uqiniseke ukuqukuqela kwaye uphucula inzuzo yezoqoqosho.

Ukuphuhlisa itekhnoloji yokuphinda uyisebenzise i-Insoclives imele ubuchule obuthembisayo. Ezi yunithi zithutha zinokuhamba zinokuqhubela phambili iiphaneli ngokuthe ngqo kwiindawo ezinokutshabalalisa, ukunciphisa iindleko zokungena. Le ndlela ye-Accentral supetts kakuhle kakuhle kufakelwe kakhulu.

Ukumiselwa kunye namanyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo

Isalathiso se-Yuropean Weee

I-European Union Union yoovulindlela ye-European Povoltaic Recress yokuyibhalisa iMigaqo ye-Weee (iNkunkuma kunye neZixhobo ze-elektroniki). Lo mthetho ubeka uxanduva lwabavelisi abonelele kubavelisi, ukubabongoza ukuba baqokelelene kwaye basebenzise imali yokuqokelelwa kwemveliso kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona.

Isikhokelo sibeka iinjongo ezinamabhongo ngamanqanaba angama-85% omgangatho wepaneli eqokelelweyo kunye ne-80% yokuphinda isebenze kwakhona. Olu tshintsho lubophayo lukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwetekhnoloji kunye notyalo-mali lwezibonelelo zotyalo-mali. Igalelo le-ECO-lihlawulwe ekuthetheni imali le misebenzi.

Le ndlela yokulawula idala isakhelo esizinzileyo esikhuthaza utyalomali lwabucala. Iinkampani zinokucwangcisa imisebenzi yexesha elide, ukwazi ukuphinda ukwazi ukuhlaziya kuqinisekisiwe ngokusemthethweni. Olu lwando lokhuseleko lomthetho luvela kumacandelo anemizi-mveliso.

Amanyathelo ehlabathi

Emhlabeni jikelele, i-Arhente ye-Arhente yamandla eMifanekiso yeHlabathi ye-Photevoltaic Programs yeNkqubo yeNkqubo (IEA PVPs) ilungelelanisa uphando ngokutsha kwelanga. Le nguqulelo yamanye amazwe iququzelela ukwabelana ngengcali kunye nokulungelelaniswa okufanelekileyo. IMIQATHANGO YOBUCHULE IZAKHONO ZOKWENZA IZIBHENO NOKUFUMANA IZIMVO ZOKUGQIBELA.

Inyathelo lokuqala lomjikelo we-PV, umanyano olungeyonjongo, iqokele ukuqokelelwa kwePhetvvoltaic Panel kunye nokurisayikilisha kumazwe ali-18 aseYurophu. Olu lwakhiwo ludibeneyo luhlangethi kunye nokuqinisekisa inkonzo ye-homogeneous kwimimandla yonke. Bangaphezu kwama-40,000 eetoni zeephaneli baqokelelwe ukususela kwindalo yayo.

La manyathelo ngamazwe aphesheya alungiselela ukulungelelaniswa kweMigaqo yexesha elizayo. Injongo yazo ijolise kwimigangatho yokuphinda isebenze i-jikelele, iququzelele ukutshintshiselana ngorhwebo kunye nokwenza izitishi zokulungisa.

Inqaku elivelayo kunye netekhnoloji yeTekhnoloji

Uyilo lokurisayikilisha kwakhona

Iipaneli ezitsha zelanga zelanga zidibanisa izithintelo zobomi ukusuka ekukhulelweni. Uyilo lwe-Eco-lubeka phambili izinto ezibonakalayo ngokulula kunye neendibano ezinqabileyo. Le "uyilo lokuphinda usebenzise kwakhona" le ndlela iguqula ishishini lefotovoltaic.

I-Innovations ibandakanya amadlala e-thermofusses ethatha indawo yendabuko. Ezi finds ezintsha zinyibilikisa amaqondo obushushu asezantsi, ukuqhuba iglasi kunye nokwahlula kweseli. Olu tshintsho lobugcisa lunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amandla kunye nokugcina ngcono ukuthembeka okubonakalayo.

Sebenzisa amacwecwe ngokudibeneyo ahlanganisana ngokuqhubekayo kuthatha indawo yeflethi yedlelo. Le ntolo-zivelelo yenza ukuba iphazamiseke ilula ngaphandle kotshintsho lwealuminium. Izifundo zombane ezisuswa kombane ziqhuba i-wiring yesinyithi kunye nokubuyela kwimeko yesinyithi.

Ukufakwa ngokutsha kwendawo

Ukuphuhlisa itekhnoloji yokuphinda uyisebenzise ngefowuni iguqula ulawulo olukhulu lofakelo lwelanga. Ezi ziqwengana ze-AUSTONOmomous zenkqubo yenkqubo ye-Spones kwi-STE, ukuthintela ukuthutha kunye nokuphatha. Le ndlela inciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokungena kunye nokuphinda isebenze kwakhona kwi-carbon.

Ezi nkqubo ziselula zidibanisa onke amanyathelo enkqubo kwizikhongozeli ezimiselweyo. Ukuphazamisa, ukwahlukaniswa, nokuhlanjululwa kwenzeka kwimijikelezo evaliweyo. Izinto ezifunyenweyo zipakishwe ngqo amakhonkco abucala athengise amashishini.

Olu luhlu lwezinto ezintsha lubaqinisekisa ngokukhethekileyo kwiifama ezinkulu zelanga ezifikelela ekukhuliseni-ubomi ngaxeshanye. Ukonga kwezothutho kwaye kuncitshiswe ukuphatha ngokuphucula inzuzo ephindaphindiweyo.

Izicelo eziSebenzayo kunye nezixhobo zoVavanyo

Inguqu kuqoqosho oluphambili ifuna izixhobo zovavanyo olunamandla lokulinganisa izibonelelo zendalo kunye nezoqoqosho. I PVGIS I-SOL Calculator Ngoku dibanisa iimodyuli zokuhlalutya zovavanyo lwempilo-ntle, kubandakanya nezigaba zokurisayikilisha.

Ezi zixhobo zenza ukuba iingcali zikwazi ukuvavanya ifuthe lendalo esingqongileyo le-thocvoltaic ngaphezulu kwe-wospan. Ukudibanisa iimeko zokurisayikilisha kubalo lwenzuzo kunceda abo bathatha izigqibo bakhethe ezona zisombululo zinzileyo. I PVGIS Isimo sezemali inika uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lwezoqoqosho kubandakanya iindleko zokuphela kobomi.

Kuluntu olubandakanyekayo kwinguqu yamandla, izixeko zelanga Ukuphuhliswa kwezicwangciso-qhinga zokulawulwa kwenkunkuma ezidibeneyo zefoto. Ezi ndlela zokuhamba komhlaba zilungelelanisa uphuhliso lwelanga kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwendlela yokurisayikilisha.

Imbono yexesha elizayo

Uqoqosho lwe-fotovoltaic luqoqosho lukhuseleko olukhulu kule minyaka izayo. Ukonyuka kweNdlu yoBomi bokuphela kobomi kuya kudala uqoqosho lwesikali okwenza kwakhona ukuphinda kusetyenziswe uqhubeke kuqoqosho. Uqikelelo lubonisa ulungelelwaniso lwezoqoqosho olufikelelelele kwi-2030.

Ungeniso lwetekhnoloji luya kuqhubeka nokunciphisa iindleko zokuphinda kusetyenziswe ngelixa kuphucula amaxabiso okubuyisela. Ukuphuhliswa kwengqolo yokuqulunqwa kwenkqubo yokuphucula inkqubo kunye neerobhothi zokukhupha i-automation kuya kuguqula ishishini lokuphinda lisebenze kwakhona ilanga.

Ukudibanisa uqoqosho lweSetyhula kwiimodeli ze-Photovoltaic ze-Photovoltaic ziya kuvela "kwi-cradle ye-cradle". Abavelisi baya kuphakamisa iimvumelwano kubandakanya ufakelo, ulondolozo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona, ukudala uxanduva lwehlabathi lonke ubomi. Le ntolo-zivelelo iya komeleza isikhundla selanga njengamandla ahlala ngokuzigcina kwaye ajikelezwe.

Ukwenze nzulu ulwazi lwakho lwamandla elanga kunye nemiceli mingeni yendalo, nxibelelana ne gcwalisa PVGIS isikhokelo Ukucacisa zonke izinto zobugcisa kunye nolawulo. I PVGIS amaxwebhu ikwabonelela ngezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zorhwebo lwabasebenzi.

I-FAQ-Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga noqoqosho lwetyhula kunye neephaneli zelanga

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphinda usebenzise iphaneli yelanga?

Inkqubo yokuphinda isebenze i-solar epheleleyo ithatha iiyure eziyi-2-4 kuxhomekeke kwitekhnoloji esetyenzisiweyo. Eli xesha libandakanya ukuphalaza, ukwahlukaniswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kunye nonyango olusisiseko lonyango. Iinkqubo zemizi-mveliso zanamhlanje zinokuphatha ukuya kuthi ga kwiiphaneli ezingama-200 ngosuku kwizibonelelo ezikhethekileyo.

Ithini indleko zokuphinda isebenze i-solar yelanga?

Iindleko zokuphinda zisebenze zihluka phakathi €I-10-30 kwiphaneli nganye ngokuxhomekeke kubuchwephesha kunye ne-qubys ehlaziyiweyo. Le ndleko iquka ingqokelela, ezothutho, kunye nokulungisa. EYurophu, igalelo elihlanganisiweyo kwixabiso lokuthenga ligubungela le ntlawulo. Ngevolus eyandisiweyo, iindleko kufuneka zinciphise i-40-50% ngo-2030.

Ngaba iiphaneli zeSolar ziyi-solar zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo?

Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ezisetyenzisiweyo, ngakumbi i-silicon ecocekileyo, inokuphumeza i-98% yokusebenza kweVirginlicon. Iipaneli ezenziwe nge-silicon yokuphinda isebenze i-silicon fues elinganayo kwiimodyuli zemveli. Ixesha lokuphila lihlala lifana, leminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-250 ubuncinci kwiiwaranti eziqhelekileyo.

Ngaba zikhona iingcingo zokurisayikilisha ngokusemthethweni zabantu?

EYurophu, i-Meee Refiredive Reply Ingqokelela yasimahla yeephaneli ezisetyenzisiweyo. Abantu kufuneka bafake iipaneli ezindala kwiindawo ezivunyiweyo zokuqokelela okanye zibabuyisele kubasasazi ngexesha lokutshintsha. Ukulungisa umhlaba okanye ukulahlwa akuvumelekanga kwaye kuxhomekeke izohlwayo.

Ungayichaza njani i-Reclecler eqinisekisiweyo ngeephaneli zam zelanga?

Jonga i-ISO 14001 (Ulawulo lweNdalo) kunye ne-ISO 45001 (izempilo). EYurophu, qinisekisa ubulungu be-PV okanye ubulungu be-PV okanye iSizwe esilinganayo. Cela izatifikethi zezinto ezibonakalayo kunye nezatifikethi zentshabalalo zamacandelo angenamali. Umfaki wakho unokukukhokela kumaqabane aqinisekisiweyo.

Ingakanani i-CO2 eyenza kwakhona iPaneli yelanga?

Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe i-300W panel palness emalunga ne-200 kg ye-kg co2 yokuphuma xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenzisa izixhobo zentombi. Oku kutya kuvela kwi-Aluminiyam Recycling (165 kg co2) kunye nesilicon (35 kg co2). Ngaphesheya kwesiseko sonke isiseko esifakiweyo, olu gcino luya kumela iitoni ezingama-50 zezigidi zokuthintela i-CO2 nge-2050.

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga netekhnoloji ye-solar kunye nezixhobo zovavanyo, uphonononga i PVGIS Iimpawu kunye neziBonelelo okanye ufikeleleko olubanzi PVGIS blog Ukugubungela yonke imiba yamandla elanga kunye neefotovoltaics.