Iphaneli ye-solar iphinde isebenze kwakhona kunye nezisombululo zoqoqosho zesetyhula zokuzinza

Ukuqonda uqoqosho lwelanga

Uqoqosho lweSetyhula kwifotovoltaics lubonisa ukucofa ngokupheleleyo kwe-solar ye-solar. Ngokungafaniyo Imodeli yendabuko "yokulahleka" ukuhambisa "ukuchitha", le ndlela ibeka phambili ukusetyenziswa kwakhona, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona, kunye nezinto ukuvuselelwa kwakhona.

Olu tshintsho lujikeleza imigaqo-siseko emininzi esisiseko eguqukayo ilanga iindlela zokuvelisa. Uyilo oluxanduva lwe-Eco-lungenela icandelo lokuphinda lusebenzise isigaba sokuphuhliswa, Ukwenza amandla okulula kwezinto ezilula ekuphelisweni-ubomi. Ukunyusa i-SOARSEALS SPARSEALSEASPUS yenza enye Intsika ebalulekileyo, eneephaneli ezenzelwe ukusebenza kakuhle iminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-30 ubuncinci.

Ukuphuhliswa kwengqokelela ekhethekileyo kunye neendlela zokulungisa ukuhamba zihamba kunye nale ndlela, zidala I-varistem yendalo yendalo. Ezi Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso Intshayelelo Ngoku yenza ukuba izinga lokuphinda lisebenze liyi-95% yezinto ezithile.

Umceli mngeni wepaneli ye-solar ukuphinda uyisebenzise kwakhona

Ukuqulunqwa kunye nezixhobo ezinokuphinda zisebenze

Iiphaneli zesola zinezixhobo ezininzi ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo. I-Silicon imele malunga ne-76% yeyonke Ubunzima kwaye bunokuhlanjululwa ukwenza ii-wafs ezintsha. I-aluminium ukusuka kwizakhelo, ngokutsha ngokutsha, yenza i-8% ye ubunzima. Iglasi, emele i-3% yobunzima, inokuphinda isetyenziswe kwakhona kwimodyuli ezintsha okanye eminye imizi-mveliso izicelo.

Izinyithi ezixabisekileyo njengesilivere, ezikhoyo kunxibelelwano lombane, ukuba nexabiso elibalulekileyo loqoqosho Ukuchacha kwabo. Ubhedu ukusuka kwi-wiring yangaphakathi inokukhutshwa kwaye iphinde ivuselelwe. Oku kuqulunqwa kwesityebi ngaphakathi Izinto ezinokuphinda zisebenze ziguqula ipaneli yokuphela kobomi nganye ibe ngumgodi wedolophu.

Imifanekiso eqikelelweyo ye-Photovoltaic inkunkuma

I-Arhente yamandla ahlaziyiweyo yeHlabathi (irena) uqikelela ukuba izigidi ezingama-78 zeepaneli zelanga ziya kufikelela Ukuphela kobomi nge-2050. Le meko ibalulekileyo isuka ekuqhubeni ukufakwa kwelanga ukusukela ngo-2000s. Ngaphakathi IYurophu, iifama zokuqala zeSolar ezinqamlezileyo zifikelela kwisiphelo sabo.

Le meko imele ngaxeshanye umngeni omkhulu wokusingqongileyo kunye nethuba loqoqosho eliqaqambileyo. Ixabiso lezixhobo ezinokutsha banokufikelela kwi-15 yezigidi zeedola ezingama-2050, ngokoqikelelo lwe-Irena uqikelelo. Le Imbono ikhuthaza ukuphuculwa kwezinto ezihlengahlengisiweyo nezisebenzayo zokurisayikilisha.

Iitekhnoloji kunye neenkqubo zokurisayikilisha

Iindlela ezibonisa iindlela

Inkqubo yokuphinda isebenze iqale ngokwahlulahlula izinto ezahlukeneyo. Iifreyimu ze-aluminium zisuswe ngoomatshini, Ukwenza i-positing yensimbi ngqo. Iibhokisi ze-junctions kunye neentambo zikhutshiwe ngokwahlukeneyo ukukhupha ubhedu kwaye Izinto zeplastiki.

Ukwahlula iglasi kunye neeseli ze-silicon zenza eyona nyathelo lincinci. Iqela leendlela ezininzi zetekhnoloji i-coxist. Unyango oluphezulu lobushushu (500°C) Ivumela ukubola kwe-Eva (ye-Ethylene Vinyate) enombala weglasi kwiglasi. Le ndlela, ngelixa inamandla-inzima, inikezela ngexabiso eliphezulu lokubuyisela.

Iinkqubo zekhemikhali zisebenzisa izinyibilikisi ezithile ezikhoyo ngokulandelelana, ukulungisa okungcono ingqibelelo. Ezi Itekhnoloji yeTekhnoloji Ngoku faka kwi Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona ukuze ukwazi ukubuyiswa kwezinto eziphathwayo.

Ukucocwa kwezixhobo kunye ne-velorizer

Nje ezahlukene, izixhobo zonyango eziqhubela phambili. Ukubuyisa i-silicon kufuna i-etch yamachiza iinkqubo zokuphelisa ukungcola kwe-metric kunye neentsalela. Ukucocwa kwenza ukuba ifumane isilicon ye umgangatho owaneleyo wokwenza iipaneli ezintsha.

Isilivere, esona sinyithi sixabisekileyo kwiiphaneli, sijonga iindlela zokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo. Ukukhupha i-achid ivumela ukuba iphinde iphinde iphinde ibuye ibe yi-99% yesilivere yangoku. Ubhedu lulandela iinkqubo ezifanayo kunye namazinga okubuyisela ephakamileyo.

Ezi zixhobo ziphumeleleyo emva koko iphinda iphinde ibe Amanyathelo aphambili emveliso, ukudala inyani ilogo. Le ndlela yeSetyhula inciphisa kakhulu ukunciphisa iVidiyo yeVidiyo yoMzimba kunye ne-carbon ye-carbon.

Impembelelo kunye neziBonelelo zeNdalo kunye neziBonelelo

Ukuncitshiswa kwe-carbon

Uqoqosho lweaindi lusetyenziswe kwiiphaneli zesolar zivelisa izibonelelo ezibonakalayo zendalo. I-Silicon Recycling inokuthintela Iipesenti ezingama-85 ze-copmission ye-CO2 edityaniswe kwiVirgin Silicon. Ukugcinwa kumele malunga ne-1.4 yeetoni ze Khusela i-CO2 ngetoni ye-silicon ehlaziyiweyo.

I-Aluminium Ukubuyisela i-Aluminis isukuphetha i-95% ye-emsussion edityaniswe nemveliso ephambili. Ukujonga iPaneli iqulethe Phantse i-15 kg ye-aluminium, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe i-recyling kuthintela ukuphuma kwe-165 kg co2 ngokulinganayo kwiphaneli nganye. Ezi zinto zilondolozo qokelela ngokukhawuleza ngokwanda kwemiqulu esetyenzisiweyo.

Uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lwe Impembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo yamandla elanga imveliso ibonisa ukuba ukudibanisa uqoqosho lwesetyhula kunokunciphisa i-Potvoltaic's iyonke I-carbon ye-carbon ngama-30 ukuya kwi-40%. Olu phuculo lubalulekileyo lomeleza isikhundla selanga njengesigcina Umthombo wamandla.

Ulondolozo lwezixhobo zeNdalo

Ukuphinda usebenzise izinto ezinqongopheleyo zendalo zihlala zigxile ngokwendawo. I-MetalGurical-Gradelicon ifuna i-round ye-windows ecocekileyo ecocekileyo, isibonelelo esingahlaziyekiyo. Ukufumana kwakhona isilicon ukusuka kwiipaneli ezindala Ingcinezelo kwezi zixhobo zendalo.

Isilivere, ibaluleke kakhulu kumzi-mveliso wefotovoltaic, iphakame indawo yolondolozo lwehlabathi. Ngoncedo olumele I-10% yemveliso yesilivere yehlabathi, ishishini lelanga lixhomekeke kakhulu kwesi sinyithi sixabisekileyo. Ukurisayikilisha kwakhona Ukwenza isitokhwe sesilivere esisiseko, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwimigodi ephambili.

Ukulondolozwa kwezixhobo zokugcina kuhamba kunye neempembelelo ezincitshisiweyo kokusingqongileyo ezidityaniswe nokukhutshwa kwemigodi. Incinci imigodi Indawo zithetha ukuba i-ecosystems yequmtsostem, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi amanzi, kunye nokungcolisa izidanga ezimbalwa.

Imiceli mngeni kunye nezisombululo

Imiqobo ekhoyo yezoqoqosho

Umceli mngeni ophambili weefotovoltaic uqoqosho luqoqosho luhlala uqoqosho. Ukuqokelelwa, ukuthutha, kunye neendleko zokulungisa Iiphaneli ezisetyenzisiweyo zihlala zingaphezulu kwexabiso lezinto ezibonakalayo. Le meko iphuma kwivolumu enemigangatho emincinci kwaye ukungabikho kwezoqoqosho.

Amaxabiso eVirgin Silicon, ngokukodwa ukusukela ngo-2022, yenza ukuphinda usebenzise i-silicon ukhuphiswano kwezoqoqosho. Olu luhlaza Ukuzinza kwexabiso lezinto ezibonakalayo kusebenze ngokutsha kokucwangciswa kotyalo mali lwezibonelelo. Iinkampani ziyathandabuza ukutyala imali ngokukhululekileyo ngaphandle kwenzuzo yexesha elide inzuzo.

Ukungabikho kweMigaqo yokuKhangela kumazwe amaninzi kukwabeka umda kuphuhliso lweentengiso. Ngaphandle kokurisayikilisha ngokusemthethweni Izibophelelo, abanini-maninzi bakhetha iindleko ezimbalwa kodwa okusingqongileyo kwindawo yobomi.

Ukuphuhlisa amajelo azodwa

Ukudala amajelo anokuphinda usebenzise izinto ezizodwa ezizodwa kufuna ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwabadlali abaninzi. Abavelisi bepaneli, Abafakeli, abaTatshirs, kunye neeRecyclers kufuneka basebenzise ngokusondeleyo. Le ntsebenziswano iyomeleza inkqubo nganye yenyathelo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko ngokubanzi.

Amaziko okuqokelela kwingingqi asakhulayo aququzelela izinto kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zothutho. Ezi hub zigxile Iipaneli zokuphela kobomi ngaphambi kokuhamba kwiindawo zokulungisa. Lo mbutho welizwe uqiniseke ukuqukuqela kwaye kuphucula inzuzo yezoqoqosho.

Ukuphuhlisa itekhnoloji yokuphinda uyisebenzise i-Insoclives imele ubuchule obuthembisayo. Ezi yunites zezothutho zinokusebenza Iiphaneli ngokuthe ngqo kwiindawo ezinokuphelisa iindawo, ukunciphisa iindleko zokungena. Le ndlela yokusebenza ngakumbi kakuhle kufakelwe ukufakelwa.

Ukumiselwa kunye namanyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo

Isalathiso se-Yuropean Weee

I-European Union Union yoovulindlela iPhoto-PELVOLTIAIC iphinde isebenze kwakhona iMigaqo ye-WEE Isikhokelo). Lo mthetho ubeka uxanduva lwabavelisi abongezelelweyo kubavelisi, bebongoza zilungelelanise kwaye zizenzele imali yokuqokelelwa kwemveliso kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona.

Isikhokelo sibeka iinjongo ezinamabhongo ngamanqanaba angama-85% omgangatho wepaneli eqokelelweyo kunye ne-80% yokuphinda isebenze kwakhona. Olu tshintsho lubophayo lukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwetekhnoloji kunye notyalo-mali lwezibonelelo zotyalo-mali. Igalelo le-ECO-lihlawulwe ekuthetheni imali le misebenzi.

Le ndlela yokulawula idala isakhelo esizinzileyo esikhuthaza utyalomali lwabucala. Iinkampani zinokucwangcisa ixesha elide Imisebenzi, ukwazi ukuphinda isebenze ukuphinda iqinisekiswe ngokusemthethweni. Olu lwando lokhuseleko lomthetho luvela amacandelo ophuhliso.

Amanyathelo ehlabathi

Emhlabeni jikelele, i-Arhente yamandla e-Arhente yamandla e-Photevoltaic Programs yeNkqubo yeNkqubo (IEA PVPs) ilungelelanisa ilanga ukuphinda kusetyenziswe uphando. Le nguqulelo yeHlabathi iququzelela ukwabelana ngengcali kunye nokuziqhelanisa Ukulungelelaniswa. IMIQATHANGO YOBUCHULE IZAKHONO ZOKWENZA IZIBHENO NOKUFUMANA IZIMVO ZOKUGQIBELA.

Inyathelo lokuqala lomjikelo we-PV, umanyano olungelolwamlo, ihlela ukuqokelelwa kwepaneli yePhetvoltaic kunye nokurisayikilisha kwi-18 Amazwe aseYurophu. Olu lwakhiwo ludibeneyo luhlangethi kunye nokuqinisekisa inkonzo ye-homogeneous Imimandla. Bangaphezu kwama-40,000 eetoni zeephaneli baqokelelwe ukususela kwindalo yayo.

La manyathelo ngamazwe aphesheya alungiselela ukulungelelaniswa kweMigaqo yexesha elizayo. Injongo yeNjongo ijolise kwihlabathi liphela Imigangatho yokuphinda isebenze, iququzelele ukutshintshiselana ngorhwebo kunye nokwenza izitishi zokulungisa.

Inqaku elivelayo kunye netekhnoloji yeTekhnoloji

Uyilo lokurisayikilisha kwakhona

Iipaneli ezitsha zelanga zelanga zidibanisa izithintelo zobomi ukusuka ekukhulelweni. Uyilo lwe-eco-ibeka kuqala Izinto ezibonakalayo kunye neendibano ezinqabileyo. Le "uyilo lokurisayikilisha kwakhona" lwendlela yokuphinda usebenze kwakhona Ishishini lefotovoltaic.

I-Innovations ibandakanya amadlala e-thermofusses ethatha indawo yendabuko. Ezi binds ezintsha zinyibilikisiwe ezantsi amaqondo obushushu, aququzelele iglasi kunye nokwahlula kweseli. Olu tshintsho lobugcisa lunciphisa amandla okuphinda usebenze Ukusetyenziswa nokugcina ingqibelelo.

Sebenzisa amacwecwe ngokudibeneyo ahlanganisana ngokuqhubekayo kuthatha indawo yeflethi yedlelo. Le nto ivelela isebenza ilula Ukuphazamisa ngaphandle kotshintsho lwe-alminium. Izihloko ezikhutshelweyo zombane ziqhuba i-wiring kunye nexabiso elifanelekileyo ukubuyela kwimeko yesinyithi.

Ukufakwa ngokutsha kwendawo

Ukuphuhlisa itekhnoloji yokuphinda uyisebenzise ngefowuni iguqula ulawulo olukhulu lofakelo lwelanga. Ezi yunithi zeyunithi ezizenzekelayo Iiphaneli zenkqubo ngqo kwindawo, ukuthintela ukuthutha kunye nokuphatha. Le ndlela inciphisa kakhulu Iindleko kunye nokurisayikilisha i-carbon yonyawo.

Ezi nkqubo ziselula zidibanisa onke amanyathelo enkqubo kwizikhongozeli ezimiselweyo. Ukuphazamisa, ukwahlukana, kwaye Ukuhlanjululwa kwenzeka kwimijikelezo evaliweyo. Izinto ezifunyenweyo zipakishwe ngqo kwimveliso yemveliso Iintambo zoncedo.

Olu luhlu lwezinto ezintsha lubaqinisekisa ngokukhethekileyo kwiifama ezinkulu zelanga ezifikelela ekukhuliseni-ubomi ngaxeshanye. Ezothutho Ukugcina imali kwaye kuncitshiswe ukuphatha ngokuphucula inzuzo yokuphinda usebenzise kwakhona.

Izicelo eziSebenzayo kunye nezixhobo zoVavanyo

Inguqu kuqoqosho lwesetyhula ifuna izixhobo zovavanyo olunamandla lokulinganisa ukusingqongileyo kunye nezoqoqosho Izibonelelo. I PVGIS I-SOL Calculator Ngoku dibanisa ubomi obugqibeleleyo Iimodyuli zohlalutyo, kubandakanya nezigaba zokurisayikilisha.

Ezi zixhobo zenza ukuba iingcali zikwazi ukuvavanya ifuthe lendalo esingqongileyo le-Potovoltaic ngaphezulu kwabo i-wosdan iphela. Ukudibanisa iimeko zokurisayikilisha kubalo lwenzuzo kunceda abasese ezona zisombululo zinzileyo. I PVGIS Isimo sezemali inikezela ngokupheleleyo Uhlalutyo lwezoqoqosho kubandakanya iindleko zokuphela kobomi.

Kuluntu olubandakanyekayo kwinguqu yamandla, izixeko zelanga Phuhlisa ulawulo lwenkunkuma edibeneyo yefoto entsha Izicwangciso-qhinga. Ezi ndlela zokuhamba komhlaba zilungelelanisa uphuhliso lwelanga kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwendlela yokurisayikilisha.

Imbono yexesha elizayo

Uqoqosho lwe-fotovoltaic luqoqosho lukhuseleko olukhulu kule minyaka izayo. Ukunyuka kwe Imitha yepaneli yokuphela kobomi iya kudala uqoqosho lwesikali ekwenzeni ukuphinda isebenze ngokuqoqosho. Uqikelelo bonisa ulungelelwaniso lwezoqoqosho olufikeleleka malunga ne-2030.

Ungeniso lwetekhnoloji luya kuqhubeka nokunciphisa iindleko zokuphinda kusetyenziswe ngelixa kuphucula amaxabiso okubuyisela. Ukufanisa Uphuhliso lobukrelekrele lwenkqubo yenkqubo kunye neerobhothi zokukhupha ezenzekelayo ziya kuguqula Ishishini lokuphinda lisebenze kwakhona.

Ukudibanisa uqoqosho lweSetyhula kwiimodeli zeShishini lePhotovoltaic ziya kuvela "kwi-cradle yokugcwala" iinkonzo. Abavelisi baya kuphakamisa iimvumelwano kubandakanya ufakelo, ulondolozo, kunye nokurisayikilisha, ukudala Uxanduva lwehlabathi lonke. Le nto ivelela iya komeleza isikhundla selanga njengoko amandla anzileyo kunye nesetyhula.

Ukwenze nzulu ulwazi lwakho lwamandla elanga kunye nemiceli mingeni yendalo, nxibelelana ne gcwalisa PVGIS isikhokelo Ukucacisa zonke izinto zobugcisa kunye nolawulo. I PVGIS amaxwebhu ikwabonelela ngezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zorhwebo lwabasebenzi.

I-FAQ-Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga noqoqosho lwetyhula kunye neephaneli zelanga

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphinda usebenzise iphaneli yelanga?

Inkqubo yokuphinda isebenze i-solar epheleleyo ithatha iiyure eziyi-2-4 kuxhomekeke kwitekhnoloji esetyenzisiweyo. Eli xesha Kubandakanya ukukhululwa, ukwahlukaniswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kunye nonyango olusisiseko lonyango. Iinkqubo zanamhlanje zezolimo zinakho phatha iipaneli ezingama-200 ngemini kwizibonelelo ezikhethekileyo.

Ithini indleko zokuphinda isebenze i-solar yelanga?

Iindleko zokuphinda zisebenze zihluka phakathi €I-10-30 kwiphaneli nganye ngokuxhomekeke kubuchwephesha kunye ne-qubys ehlaziyiweyo. Le ndleko Ibandakanya ukuqokelelwa, ukuthutha, kunye nokulungisa. EYurophu, igalelo le-Eco-elihlanganisiweyo kwixabiso lokuthenga Igubungela le ntlawulo. Ngevolus eyandisiweyo, iindleko kufuneka zinciphise i-40-50% ngo-2030.

Ngaba iiphaneli zeSolar ziyi-solar zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo?

Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ezisetyenzisiweyo, ngakumbi i-silicon ecocekileyo, inokuphumeza i-98% yokusebenza kweVirginlicon. Iipaneli yenziwe kwi-silicon ehlaziyiweyo ye-silicon yokubonelela ngemodyuli yemveli. U-Lifepan uhlala efana, Iminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-40 ubuncinci kwiiwaranti eziqhelekileyo.

Ngaba zikhona iingcingo zokurisayikilisha ngokusemthethweni zabantu?

EYurophu, i-Meee Refiredive Reply Ingqokelela yasimahla yeephaneli ezisetyenzisiweyo. Abantu kufuneka bafake iipaneli ezindala kwi Amanqaku okuqokelela evunyiweyo okanye ababuyisele ukuba ababelekisi ngexesha lokutshintsha. Ukulungisa umhlaba okanye ukulahlwa ayivumelekanga kwaye ixhomekeke kwisohlwayo.

Ungayichaza njani i-Reclecler eqinisekisiweyo ngeephaneli zam zelanga?

Jonga i-ISO 14001 (Ulawulo lweNdalo) kunye ne-ISO 45001 (izempilo). EYurophu, qinisekisa i-PV Ubulungu bomjikelezo okanye iSizwe iLizwe. Cela izatifikethi zezinto ezibonakalayo kunye nezatifikethi zentshabalalo kumacandelo angafikelelekiyo. Umfaki wakho unokukukhokela kumaqabane aqinisekisiweyo.

Ingakanani i-CO2 eyenza kwakhona iPaneli yelanga?

Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe i-300W panel palness emalunga ne-200 kg ye-kg co2 yokuphuma xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenzisa izixhobo zentombi. Oku kutya kuvela kwi-Aluminiyam Recycling (165 kg co2) kunye nesilicon (35 kg co2). Yonke Isiseko esifakiweyo, olu gcino luya kumela iitoni ezingama-50 zezigidi zokuthintela i-CO2 nge-2050.

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga netekhnoloji ye-solar kunye nezixhobo zovavanyo, uphonononga i PVGIS Iimpawu kunye neziBonelelo okanye ukufikelela kwi banzi PVGIS blog Ukugubungela yonke imiba yamandla elanga kunye neefotovoltaics.