Ithini imveliso yepaneli yelanga?
Ukuveliswa kwephaneli yelanga yinkqubo yobugcisa enzima eguqula amandla elanga kumbane onokusetyenziswayo.
Olu tshintsho lwenzeka ngokusebenzisa isiphumo sefotovoltaic, kufunyenwe ngonyaka we-1839 ngu-Alexandre Edmond Becquerel, nto leyo
Yenza iiseli zelanga ukuba zivelise umbane okwangoku xa zityhilelwe ukukhanya.
I Inkqubo yePaneli yeSolar kubandakanya inani eliqela elibalulekileyo, ukusuka kwi-rawlicon
Ukukhutshwa kokufakwa kokugqibela kweemodyuli zefotovoltaic kwiimodyuli zophahla okanye kwizityalo zamandla elanga.
Amanyathelo ama-7 asisiseko emveliso welanga
1. Ukukhutshwa kwesilika kunye nokucocwa
Eyokuqala Inyathelo kwimveliso yelanga iqala ngokukhupha isilico ukusuka kwi-quartz sand (sio₂).
I-Silicon inika i-akhawunti emalunga ne-90% yeeseli zefotvoltaic zangoku.
Inkqubo yokuCoca:
- Ukuncitshiswa kwe-quartz kwiziko lombane kwi-ARC kwi-3,632°F (2 000°C)
- Ukuveliswa kwe-silicon ye-melicon (i-98%)
- Ukucocwa kwemichiza ngenkqubo ye-NEEMECS ukufezekisa i-99.99% ukucoceka
- Ukuveliswa kwe-solar-bericon
Eli nqanaba lisebenzisa inani elikhulu lamandla, elimele malunga ne-45% ye-solar ye-solar ye-solar ye-solar ye-solar.
2. Yenza i-crystalline ingets
Nje ukuba ihlanjululwe, i-Silicon inyibilikisiwe kwaye inyibilikisiwe ukuba izenzele i-cylindrical ingots (i-monocrystalline) okanye iibhloko zesikwere
(i-polycrystalline).
Iindlela ezimbini eziphambili:
- Indlela ye-Czobhracralski: kuvelisa i-monocrystalline silicon enobulungisa obuphezulu (20-22%)
- Indlela yokuphosa: Yenza i-Polycrystalline Silicon, indleko encinci kodwa isebenza kakuhle
(15-17%)
I-3. Ukufikelwa kwelanga
I-ingots iqhekezwe kwi-discs ezinqatyisiweyo ezibizwa i-wafirs ukusebenzisa ucingo lwedayimani. Le
Inyathelo lemveliso elibalulekileyo ichaza ubukhulu bokugqibela beeseli zefotovoltaic.
Iimpawu ze-Wafer:
- Ubunzima: I-180 ukuya kwi-200 micrometer
- Ukulahleka kwempahla: malunga ne-50% ngexesha lokusika
- Umhlaba otyhidiweyo kunye nothunyiweyo wokuphucula indawo yokukhanya
I-4. Ukuqulunqwa kweLalile
Eli nqanaba liguqula ii-wafer zibe ziiseli ezisebenzayo ezinokwazi ukuvelisa umbane.
Inkqubo yeDecodi:
- Uhlobo lwe-p-uhlobo: Yongeza i-boron ukwenza iindleko ezintle
- Uhlobo lwe-N: kubandakanya i-phosphorus yezindleko ezimbi
- Ukuqulunqwa kwe-PN Junction, Intliziyo yeFotovoltaic
Ukongeza abafowunelwa boMbane:
- Ukuprintwa kweScreyinti yePesta (isilivere, i-aluminium)
- Iqondo lokushisa eliphezulu lokudubula ku-fuse abafowunelwa
- Uvavanyo lombane kwiseli nganye
5. Indibano yemodyuli yeSolar
Iiseli zomntu ngamnye zidibene Gqibezela iipaneli zelanga.
Ulwakhiwo lwemodyuli:
- Iglasi evuthayo ye-anti-onli
- I-EVA (E-EOTLEEN VINYL Acetate) i-ecastrant
- Iiseli zefotovoltaic edityanisiweyo
- I-BackSheet ye-Backsheet (ubuso ngasemva)
- Isakhelo seAluminiyam sokuqina
Mvanje I-Innovations kwiphaneli
ukuvelisa Bandakanya iTekhnoloji yeThengi yeThengi, ukuvumela ukuphumelela okungaphezulu kwe-23%.
I-6. Uvavanyo lomgangatho kunye nesiqinisekiso
Iphaneli nganye yelanga iphantsi Uvavanyo olungqongqo Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kunye nokuqina:
- Uvavanyo lwamandla phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo oluqhelekileyo (STC)
- Uvavanyo loMbane
- Uvavanyo lokungahloneli kwemozulu
- Isiqinisekiso seLizwe (IEC 61215, IEC 61730)
7. Ukufakwa kunye nokuyalela
Inyathelo lokugqibela libandakanya ukufakela iiphaneli kwindawo yazo:
Ukufakwa kwendawo yokuhlala:
- Isifundo esinokwenzeka sisebenzisa izixhobo ezinjePVGIS24
- Uphahla okanye indawo yokuphakamisa
- Unxibelelwano lombane kunye nokuyalela
Ukufakwa korhwebo:
- Izityalo zamandla amakhulu
- Umdibaniso wegridi
- Iinkqubo eziSebenzayo eziSebenzayo
Itekhnoloji ekhulayo kwimveliso yelanga
Iiseli ze-Perovskite
Iiseli ze-Perovskite imele ikamva lemveliso yefotovoltaic kunye nethijeli
Ukusebenza ngokufezekileyo kwi-40% kuLuleko lweTandem.
Iiseli zeBifaal
Ezi seli zibamba ukukhanya kumacala omabini, ukwanda ukuveliswa kwamandla nge-10 ukuya kwi-30% ngokuxhomekeke kwindalo.
Imveliso yefilimu encinci
Enye into kwi-Crystalline Silicon, le teknoloji isebenzisa izinto ezincinci ze-semicondcuctorther ngelixa igcina intle
ukusebenza kakuhle.
Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokuZinza
Imveliso yale mihla ibandakanya ukukhula kwezendalo. I Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yelanga
amandla iyaqhubeka ukunciphisa umbulelo kubuchwephesha bokuphucula ubuchwephesha.
IXESHA LOKUGQIBELA Iphaneli yelanga ihlawula amandla asetyenzisiweyo kwi-1 ukuya kwi-4
Iminyaka, ixesha lokuphila iminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-30.
Iphaneli yeSolar Recring
izisombululo nazo zibaluleke kakhulu, kunye neenkqubo zokurisayikilisha iinkqubo zokuvuselela ukubuyela kwimeko yesi-95% yezixhobo.
Ukwenza iprojekthi yakho yelanga
Ubungakanani ngokufanelekileyo kufakelo lwakho, sebenzisa i PVGIS I-SOL Calculator ethathela ingqalelo:
- I-Irradiation yelanga kwingingqi yakho
- Ukuqhelaniswa ngokuthembekileyo
- Ukuntywila okunokubakho kunye nemiqobo
- Ukuveliswa kwamandla aqikelelweyo
I PVGIS Isimo sezemali kukwanceda
Vavanya inzuzo yotyalo-mali lwakho lwefotovoltaic.
Ikamva leMveliso yelanga
Amanyathelo emveliso yefotovoltaic Qhubeka nokuvela nge:
- Ukwanda kwe-Autotions yemigca yemveliso
- Ukunciphisa iindleko zokwenza izinto
- Ukuphucula amandla amandla
- Ukudibanisa ubukrelekrele bokwenyani
Ukuthelekisa imveliso eyahlukileyo
iindlela ngeendlela Ibonisa ukuba i-Crystalline Silicon ihlala ilawula, kodwa enye itekhnoloji enye ifumana
umhlaba.
I-FAQ-Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nemveliso yelanga
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukwenza iphaneli yelanga?
Ukugqitywa kwephaneli ye-solar, ukusuka ekuqinisekiseni isilicon kwimveliso egqityiweyo, kuthatha malunga neeveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-4.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukuhlanjululwa kwesilika kubandakanya, inkqubo inokwandiswa ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezininzi.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-monocrystalline kunye neeseli zepolycrystalline?
Iiseli ze-monocrystalline zibonelela ngempumelelo ebalaseleyo (20-22%) kunye nokusebenza okuthe kratya okungcono kodwa kuyabiza kakhulu.
Iiseli ze-polycrystalline zixabisa kakhulu nge-15-17% yokusebenza ngokuphumelelayo kodwa ifuna indawo engaphezulu yemveliso efanayo.
Mangakanani amandla afunekayo ukuvelisa iphaneli yelanga?
Ukwenza iphaneli ye-300W yelanga kufuna malunga ne-200 ukuya kwi-20000 kh yamandla, ikakhulu kukuhlanjululwa kwe-sicon.
La mandla aphumile ngaphakathi kweminyaka emi-1-4 yokusetyenziswa ngokuxhomekeke kwingingqi yokufaka.
Ngaba iiphaphane zelanga zinokuphinda zisebenze?
Ewe, iipaneli zesola zingama-95% ezinokuphinda zisebenzise. Iglasi, ialuminiyam, kwaye isilicon ingabuyiselwa kwaye iphinde isetyenziswe. Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona
Izixhobo ziyaphuhla kwihlabathi liphela ukuze kuqhubeke isizukulwana sokuqala seephaneli ezifikelela ekuphelisweni kobomi.
Nguwuphi obomi bephaneli yelanga?
Iphaneli yelanga inobomi beminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-30 kunye newaranti yokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo iqinisekisa i-80% yokuqala
amandla emva kweminyaka engama-25. Ezinye iipaneli zinokuqhubeka zisebenza ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 ngokuhlaselwa kancinci kancinci.
Umgangatho ulawulwa njani ngexesha lemveliso?
Inqanaba ngalinye lemveliso libandakanya ulawulo lomgangatho: Ukuvavanywa kombane kweeseli, uhlolo olubonakalayo, olusebenzayo
Iimvavanyo zokuxhathisa, isiqinisekiso esizimeleyo selebhu, kunye novavanyo lokusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezisemgangathweni.
Ngawaphi amazwe alawula umveliso welanga ihlabathi?
I-China imele malunga ne-70% yemveliso yepaneli yehlabathi, elandelwa yiMalaysia, eVietnam neJamani.
IYurophu ne-United States zikwahlisa amandla abo okunciphisa ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka.
Ngaba ukusebenza kakuhle kweephaneli ezikhoyo kuphuculwe?
Nje ukuba yenziwe, ukusebenza kwephaneli akunakuphuculwa. Nangona kunjalo, i-procestions yokufakwa (yokuqhelaniswa,
Iinkqubo zokupholisa) zingandiswa kwimveliso. Izizukulwane ezitsha ngoku ziphumelele ngaphezulu kwe-23% ukusebenza.
Ukwenza nzulu ulwazi lwakho lwefotovoltaic kwaye uqhubekeke iprojekthi yakho yelanga, nxibelelana nethu gcwalisa PVGIS Isikhokelo kwaye fumanisa i ineenkcukacha
amaxwebhu igcinwe kubabhalisi.
