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IMadrid ingenye yezimakethe ezikhanga kakhulu zaseSpain zokufakwa kwamaphaneli elanga, ehlanganisa ukukhanya okuhle kakhulu kwelanga nesidingo esikhulu sikagesi esitholakala kubantu abaningi basemadolobheni amakhulu.
Ngokukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka okuphakathi kuka-1,650-1,700 kWh/m², isifunda senhloko-dolobha sinikeza umnotho oqinile kokubili amaphrojekthi we-photovoltaic okuhlala kanye nokuhweba.
Ukuqonda izici ezithile zelanga laseMadrid kubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwesistimu okunembile kanye neziphakamiso zamakhasimende. Isimo sezulu sezwekazi lesifunda sidala amaphethini esizini ahlukile okufanele abafaki abangochwepheshe bawaphendule lapho belungiselela izilinganiso zokukhiqiza kanye nokuqagela kwezezimali.
IMadrid ithola cishe u-1,650-1,700 kWh/m² ye-global irradiation evundlile yonyaka, eyibeka phakathi kwezihloko eziphezulu zaseYurophu zamandla anamandla elanga. Idolobhakazi lihlomula ekukhanyeni kwelanga kwamahora angaphezu kuka-2,700 minyaka yonke, nezinsizakusebenza zelanga ezinamandla ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasehlobo.
Lo mthombo ongaguquguquki welanga wenza iMadrid ibe indawo ekahle yakho kokubili ukufakwa kwe-solar okuhlanganiswe negridi nokuzisebenzisela wena.
Isikhundla senhloko-dolobha cishe singama-40.4°I-latitude engu-N isho ukuthi ama-engeli alungile angaguquki awela phakathi kuka-30° futhi 35° ukuze kukhuliswe umkhiqizo wonyaka.
Kodwa-ke, abafaki kufanele bacabangele amaphethini okusebenzisa aqondene neklayenti lapho benquma umumo wokugcina wesistimu nokutshekisa, njengoba imithwalo yentengiso ephezulu kakhulu ehlobo ingase izuze kuma-engeli aphansi kancane.
Ukukhiqizwa kwelanga e-Madrid kubonisa ukuhluka okuphawulekayo kwesizini, nezinyanga zasehlobo zikhiqiza cishe amandla aphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2.5 kunezinyanga zasebusika. UJulayi uvame ukuletha ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu, kuyilapho uDisemba ekhombisa okukhiphayo okuphansi kakhulu.
Izifaki ezingochwepheshe kufanele zikhulume ngokucacile lokhu kuhluka kumakhasimende ukuze asethe okulindelwe okungokoqobo mayelana namazinga okusebenzisa wena nyanga zonke kanye namavolumu okuthunyelwa kwegridi.
Okokufaka okujwayelekile okungu-5 kW kwendawo yokuhlala enomumo ofanele eMadrid, ukukhiqizwa kwanyanga zonke kusuka cishe ku-350 kWh ngo-December kuye ku-850 kWh ngoJulayi. Lezi zibalo zithatha ukufiphaza okuncane futhi zilandisa ngokulahleka kwesistimu okujwayelekile okuhlanganisa imiphumela yezinga lokushisa, ukungcolisa, nokusebenza kahle kwe-inverter.
Ukumodela okunembayo kwanyanga zonke kusiza amakhasimende ukuthi aqonde ukonga kwawo okulindelekile kwebhili likagesi unyaka wonke futhi kuvimbele ukudumala phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika.
Nakuba iMadrid inikeza amandla amahle kakhulu elanga, yehla kancane ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu atholakala eningizimu yeSpain. Uma kuqhathaniswa Imithombo yelanga ehlukile yase-Andalusia, I-Madrid ithola cishe i-8-10% yokukhishwa kwemisebe yonyaka.
Kodwa-ke, lo mehluko uxazululwa ngobukhulu bemakethe yaseMadrid, amanani entengo kagesi aphezulu, kanye nesidingo esinamandla sokuhweba.
Amandla elanga aseMadrid adlula lawo ezifunda ezisenyakatho njenge Izwe laseBasque cishe ngo-20-25%, okwenza inhloko-dolobha ithandeke kakhulu ekutshalweni kwe-solar.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ezisogwini ezifana Barcelona noma I-Valencia, I-Madrid ikhombisa amandla afanayo okukhiqiza jikelele, nakuba ngokuhlukahluka kwesizini okugqame kakhulu ngenxa yesimo sezulu sezwekazi.
Isimo sezulu saseMadrid nendawo yasemadolobheni kudala izinselele ezithile zobuchwepheshe kanye namathuba abafaki abangochwepheshe okufanele babhekane nawo ukuze kusebenze uhlelo olufanele.
IMadrid ibhekana nehlobo elishisayo elinamazinga okushisa ophahleni avame ukudlula ama-55-60°C phakathi noJulayi no-August. Lawa mazinga okushisa aphakeme anganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwemojula ye-photovoltaic ngo-12-15% uma kuqhathaniswa nezimo zokuhlola ezijwayelekile.
Idizayini yesistimu yobungcweti kufanele ibhekane nalokhu kulahleka kwezinga lokushisa ukuze kuhlinzekwe izilinganiso zokukhiqiza ezingokoqobo.
Ukukhetha amamojula anama-coefficients okushisa aphansi (okungcono abe ngaphansi kuka -0.40%/°C) kusiza ukunciphisa ukuwohloka kokusebenza kwehlobo. Ukuqinisekisa ukungena komoya owanele ngaphansi kwezigaba ezibekwe ophahleni ngokusebenzisa amasistimu okukhweza afanele nakho kunciphisa amazinga okushisa okusebenza futhi kuthuthukisa isivuno saminyaka yonke samandla.
Ophahleni lwezentengiselwano oluyisicaba, amasistimu okukhweza atshekile ahlinzeka ngokwemvelo ngokungenisa umoya ongcono kunezindawo zokuhlala ezifakwe emanzini.
Ngokuphambene, ubusika obubandayo baseMadrid bungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwephaneli yelanga phakathi nezinsuku zasebusika ezinelanga, kuqede kancane imisebe encishisiwe phakathi nalezi zinyanga. Amathuluzi okumodela angochwepheshe abala ukuhlukahluka kwezinga lokushisa kwanyanga zonke ahlinzeka ngezilinganiso zokukhiqiza zonyaka ezinembe kunezibali ezenziwe lula.
Indawo yasemadolobheni eminyene yaseMadrid ivamise ukuletha izinselele zomthunzi ezakhiweni ezingomakhelwane, oshimula, nezinye izithiyo eziphezu kophahla. Ukuhlolwa kwesayithi lochwepheshe kufanele kuhlole ngokucophelela amaphethini e-shading unyaka wonke, njengoba ngisho nokufiphaza okuncane kungase kube nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwesistimu.
Ubuchwepheshe besimanje be-optimizer kanye nama-microinverters asiza ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwe-shading ngokuvumela iphaneli ngayinye ukuthi isebenze ngokuzimela.
Nokho, lezi zixazululo ziza ngezindleko ezengeziwe, ezidinga ukuhlaziya okucophelelayo kwezomnotho ukuze kutholwe ukuthi ziyafaneleka yini ekufakweni okuthile. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-shading okunembile phakathi nesigaba sesiphakamiso kuvimbela ukudumazeka kwamakhasimende futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukonga okucatshangelwayo kuyenzeka.
Ekufakweni okunomthunzi ongagwemeki, imodeli yokusebenza enemininingwane enemininingwane yamaphethini athile wokufiphaza unyaka wonke ibalulekile. Leli zinga lokuhlaziya lihlukanisa abafaki abangochwepheshe kulabo abanikeza izilinganiso ezijwayelekile ngokusekelwe endaweni yophahla kuphela.
Indawo yasemadolobheni yaseMadrid kanye nesimo sezulu esomile kunomthelela ekunqwabeleni kothuli kumaphaneli elanga. Nakuba idolobha lithola imvula eyanele yokuhlanza amaphaneli emvelo phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika, izikhathi ezomile ehlobo zinganciphisa umphumela ngo-4-6% kuze kubuye imvula noma kuhlanzwe ngezandla.
Iziphakamiso zobungcweti kufanele zibhekane nokulahleka kokungcolisa okujwayelekile ezilinganisweni zokukhiqiza futhi zifake isiqondiso mayelana nokulungiswa kokuhlanza okungakhethwa.
Ukufakwa kwezentengiso, ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanzwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuzinkontileka zokulungisa kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguquki kanye nokwaneliseka kweklayenti.
Amaklayenti okuhlala kufanele aqonde ukuthi ukuhlanza ngezikhathi ezithile ngezikhathi ezomile ezinwetshiwe kungathuthukisa ukukhiqizwa.
Isibalo esikhulu sabantu baseMadrid, isitokwe sezakhiwo esihlukahlukene, nomnotho oqinile kudala amasegimenti emakethe amaningi ukuze izifaki zelanga ziqondiswe.
Umkhakha wezindawo zokuhlala umele ithuba elikhulu kunawo wonke eMadrid ngevolumu yephrojekthi. Izintengo zikagesi ezikhuphukayo zenze ukusetshenziswa kwe-solar kuthandeka kakhulu kubanikazi bezindlu, ngezikhathi zokukhokha ezijwayelekile zeminyaka engu-6-8 ngezinhlelo eziklanywe kahle.
Ingxube yenhloko-dolobha yezindlu ezinomndeni owodwa kanye namafulethi aphansi ahlinzeka ngamathuba ahlukahlukene okufakwa.
Izifaki zezindlu zokuhlala eziphumelelayo zigxila ekuguquleni isiphakamiso ngokushesha, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokwethulwa kochwepheshe, nokuhlaziywa kwezimali okusobala. Abanikazi bezindlu baqhubeka becwaninga izinketho zelanga ngaphambi kokuxhumana nabafaki, okusho ukuthi bafika benolwazi kanye nokulindela okuphezulu kobuchwepheshe.
Ikhono lokukhiqiza ngokushesha iziphakamiso ezinembile, ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezinemininingwane eningiliziwe yezimali ehlukanisa abaholi bemakethe kubaqhudelani abadonsa kanzima.
Amakhasimende ahlala eMadrid ngokuvamile afaka amasistimu aphakathi kuka-3-8 kW, alinganiselwe ukuze afane nokusebenzisa kwawo unyaka wonke kuyilapho ekhulisa amanani okusebenzisa wona. Ukunikeza amaklayenti ngezinketho eziningi zosayizi wesistimu, ngayinye enokukhiqiza okuningiliziwe nokuhlaziywa kwezimali, kuyawasiza ukuthi enze izinqumo ezinolwazi ezihambisana nezabelomali zawo kanye nemigomo yamandla.
Umkhakha wezohwebo waseMadrid unikeza amasayizi amaphrojekthi amakhulu kanye namamajini angaba phezulu kubafaki abaqeqeshiwe. Izakhiwo zamahhovisi, izikhungo zezitolo, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, kanye nezindawo zokukhiqiza zinikeza izindawo ezinophahla olukhulu kanye namaphethini okusetshenziswa kwasemini afaneleka kahle ekukhiqizeni ilanga.
Amakhasimende ezohwebo adinga ukuhlaziywa okuyinkimbinkimbi okuhlanganisa ukufanisa ukusetshenziswa okunemininingwane, izimo eziningi zezimali, nokuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo ezikhona zokuphatha amandla.
Ikhono lokwenza imodeli yokucushwa kwesistimu ngokushesha futhi ukhiqize ukuhlaziya okuqhathanisayo kubalulekile ukuze uwine lawa maphrojekthi.
Amakhasimende amaningi ezentengiselwano nawo alindele iziphakamiso zokubhekana nezinhloso zawo zokusimama kanye nezidingo zokubika zebhizinisi ngale kwembuyiselo yezezimali emsulwa.
Ukufakwa kwezentengiselwano eMadrid ngokuvamile kusuka ku-20 kW kumabhizinisi amancane kuya kumamegawathi amaningana ezikhungweni zezimboni ezinkulu. Le ngxenye yemakethe iklomelisa abafaki ngamandla obuchwepheshe aqinile, ubuchwepheshe bokumodeliswa kwezezimali, nolwazi olufakazelwe lokuphatha amaphrojekthi.
Imithetho yaseSpain evumela ukuthi abantu bazisebenzise ngokuhlanganyela ivule amathuba ezindaweni zasemadolobheni aminyene eMadrid lapho abahlali befulethi ngalinye bengenalo uphahla olufanele lokufakwa ezimele.
Lawa maphrojekthi omphakathi avumela abasebenzisi abaningi ukuthi babelane ngokukhiqiza kusukela ekufakweni okukodwa, ngokuvamile okutholakala ophahleni lwesakhiwo noma endaweni eseduze.
Amaphrojekthi omphakathi welanga adinga ukuhlaziywa ngokucophelela kwamaphethini okusetshenziswa kubo bonke ababambiqhaza abaningi, izinhlelo zokwabelana ngokukhiqiza, nezindlela zokusabalalisa izimali.
Amathuluzi ochwepheshe akwazi ukwenza imodeli yalezi zimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ahlinzeka ngenzuzo enkulu yokuncintisana kule ngxenye yezimakethe ezivelayo. Njengoba ukuqwashisa kukhula, i-solar yomphakathi imelela amandla amakhulu okukhula enkabeni yedolobha laseMadrid.
Ukumodela okunembayo kwezezimali kubalulekile ekuguquleni umkhondo ube yizinkontileka ezisayiniwe. Izindleko zikagesi zaseMadrid kanye nezinxephezelo ezitholakalayo zakha umnotho okhangayo lowo abafakeli abangochwepheshe okufanele baxhumane ngempumelelo namakhasimende angaba khona.
Izintengo zikagesi waseMadrid, kuyilapho ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesakhiwo sentela nezinga lokusetshenziswa, ngokuvamile zisukela €0.12-0.18 kWh ngayinye kubathengi abahlala kanye €0.10-0.15 kWh ngayinye kubasebenzisi bezentengiselwano.
Lezi zilinganiso zenza ugesi welanga ozisebenzisela wona uhehe ngokwezomnotho, njengoba izindleko ezigwenyiwe zidlula izindleko ezilinganiselwe zokukhiqiza ilanga.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezezimali kochwepheshe kufanele kubale amaphesenti okusebenzisa ngokwakho ngokusekelwe emaphethini okusetshenziswa kweklayenti nosayizi wesistimu. Ekufakweni kwezindawo zokuhlala, izilinganiso zokuzisebenzisa ngokuvamile zisukela ku-30-50% ngaphandle kwesitoreji sebhethri, kuyilapho ukufakwa kwezentengiso nokusetshenziswa kanzima kwasemini kungase kuzuze ukuzisebenzisela okungu-60-80%.
Amazinga aphezulu wokuzithengela athuthukisa umnotho wamaphrojekthi ngokukhulisa ukuthengwa kukagesi okugwenyiwe.
I-surplus energy ethunyelwa kugridi ithola isinxephezelo, nakuba ngamanani aphansi kunamanani entengo kagesi. Ukumodela okuphrofeshinali kufanele kubhekelele kokubili amandla azisebenzisela wona kanye nawokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe lapho kubalwa inani eliphelele lephrojekthi kanye nezikhathi zokukhokha.
Amaklayenti elanga lanamuhla alindele ukuhlaziywa kwezinketho eziningi zezimali ngaphandle kokuthenga ukheshi okulula. Iziphakamiso zobungcweti kufanele zibandakanye izibalo zokuthenga ukheshi ezibonisa isikhathi sokukhokha kanye nezinga langaphakathi lembuyiselo, izinketho zezimali ngokuqhathanisa nezindleko zikagesi zamanje, izinhlelo zokuqashisa lapho kufanele khona, kanye nokubalwa kwenani lamanje lengqikithi yezimo ezihlukahlukene.
Ikhono lokukhiqiza ngokushesha nokuqhathanisa izimo zezimali eziningi phakathi nemihlangano yamakhasimende lingasheshisa ukwenziwa kwezinqumo futhi kwenyuse amanani okuguqulwa. Amathuluzi okumodela ezezimali angochwepheshe aphatha izinhlaka zokukhokha ezihlukahlukene, izilinganiso zenzalo, nemigomo ilula le nqubo futhi iqinisekisa ukunemba kuzo zonke izimo ezihlukahlukene.
Izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zihlinzeka ngosekelo lwezezimali lokufakwa kwe-solar e-Madrid, kufaka phakathi izinxephezelo zikamasipala nezesifunda. Lezi zinhlelo zishintsha ngezikhathi ezithile, okwenza kubaluleke ukugcina ulwazi lwamanje losekelo olutholakalayo.
Uhulumeni wesifunda saseMadrid unikeze uxhaso oluhlanganisa u-20-40% wezindleko zokufakwa kwezinhlelo zokuhlala ngaphansi kwezinhlelo ezithile.
Ukufaka izinxephezelo ezitholakalayo eziphakamisweni zezezimali kuthuthukisa kakhulu umnotho wamaphrojekthi futhi kungaba umehluko phakathi kokuqhubeka kweklayenti noma ukubambezeleka. Izifaki ezingochwepheshe kufanele zigcine ukuqwashisa ngezinhlelo zamanje futhi zizifake ngokuqhubekayo eziphakamisweni kunokulinda ukuthi amakhasimende abuze.
Imakethe yaseMadrid encintisanayo idinga ukusebenza kahle nobungcweti kuyo yonke inqubo yokuthengisa nokufaka. Amathuluzi wokubala ochwepheshe nawokumodela anika amandla izifaki ukuthi zisebenze ngokushesha kuyilapho ziletha iziphakamiso zekhwalithi ephezulu.
Izibali zelanga ezijwayelekile zihlinzeka ngezilinganiso ezinzima, kodwa amaphrojekthi angochwepheshe adinga idatha enembile yokuthela imisebe yendawo ethile. I-irradiation yaseMadrid iyahlukahluka kuyo yonke indawo yedolobha elikhulu ngenxa yokuhluka kokuphakama nokuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu sendawo. Ukufinyelela kudatha eqondene ne-GPS kuqinisekisa ukuthi iziphakamiso zibonisa izimo zangempela zesayithi kunezilinganiso zesifunda.
Amathuluzi ochwepheshe anezizindalwazi ezibanzi zokuthela amanzi anika amandla abafaki ukuthi bafake izixhumanisi zokufaka ezinembile futhi bathole ukuqagela kokusebenza okunembile. Lokhu kunemba kuvimbela ukuthembisa ngokweqile futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi amasistimu afakiwe ahlangabezana noma adlule izilinganiso, ukwakha isithunzi sesifaki kanye nokunciphisa izingxabano zangemva kokufakwa.
Ukufakwa ngakunye kweMadrid kuveza izici ezihlukile ezidinga ukuhlaziya okwenziwe ngezifiso. Ukuma kophahla, amaphethini okufiphaza, amaphrofayili wokusetshenziswa, nezabelomali zamaklayenti ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi. Ikhono lokulingisa ngokushesha ukulungiselelwa kwesistimu eminingi—osayizi abahlukene, umumo, ama-engeli enyakazayo—ngaphandle kwemingcele kunika amandla ukuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi okuphelele.
Ukubhaliswa kochwepheshe okunikeza ukulingisa okungenamkhawulo endaweni ngayinye yephrojekthi kuqeda izithiyo zokugeleza komsebenzi futhi kukhuthaze ukuhlaziywa okuphelele.
Kunokukhawulela ukuhlaziya ekucushweni okukodwa noma okubili okuyisisekelo, abafaki bangahlola izimo eziningi ukuze bahlonze isixazululo esiphelele sesimo esithile seklayenti ngalinye. Lokhu kucophelela kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesistimu nokwaneliseka kwamaklayenti.
Imakethe yokuncintisana yaseMadrid idinga ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwezezimali okudlula izibalo ezilula zokubuyisela emuva. Amaklayenti angochwepheshe alindele ukubona izinketho eziningi zezimali, ukuhlaziya ukuzwela kwezimo ezihlukene, ukuqhathaniswa kosayizi abahlukahlukene besistimu, nokuqagela kwesikhathi eside okuhlanganisa izindleko zokunakekela kanye nokuwohloka kokusebenza.
Amandla okumodela ezezimali athuthukile anika amandla abafaki ukubhekana nalokhu okulindelekile kahle. Amandla okwenza imodeli yezinhlaka zezimali ezihlukene (imali, imalimboleko, ukuqashisa), ukuqhathanisa izimo eziningi ngapha nangapha, futhi ukhiqize imibiko yezezimali yobungcweti ihlukanisa izinkampani zelanga ezibucayi kusukela emisebenzini yabasafufusa.
Amadokhumenti esiphakamiso sekhwalithi ephezulu akha ukuzethemba kweklayenti futhi athuthukise amazinga okuguqulwa. Imibiko yobungcweti kufanele ihlanganise idatha yezindawo ezithize zokuthela imisebe kanye nezilinganiso zokukhiqiza, ukucaciswa kwesistimu enemininingwane kanye nolwazi lwengxenye, amaphrofayili okukhiqiza anyanga zonke kanye nokuhlaziywa kokuzidla, ukuqagela kwezimali okuphelele ngezimo eziningi, kanye nezakhiwo ezicacile zesistimu nezinhlelo zokuzifaka.
Isikhathi esitshalwe kumadokhumenti ochwepheshe sikhokha izinzuzo ngamazinga aphezulu okuvala kanye nemibuzo embalwa yangemuva kokuthengisa. Amaklayenti aya ngokuya elindela le leveli yemininingwane futhi angase abuze abafaki abangakwazi ukukunikeza. Amathuluzi ochwepheshe akhiqiza imibiko ephucuziwe enza leli zinga lekhwalithi lifinyeleleke ngaphandle kokutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eseqile.
Ukuqonda imithethonqubo yendawo kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha kuqinisekisa ukwenziwa kwephrojekthi okushelelayo futhi kuvimbela ukubambezeleka okukhungathekisa amakhasimende.
Ukufakwa kwelanga eMadrid kudinga izimvume ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngosayizi wesistimu nezici zokwakha. Ukufakwa kwezindawo zokuhlala ngokuvamile kudinga izimvume zokwakha zikamasipala, amalayisense okufakwa kukagesi, nezimvume zokuxhunywa kwegridi.
Izidingo ezithile ziyahlukahluka ngomasipala ngaphakathi kwendawo yedolobha laseMadrid.
Izifaki ezingochwepheshe zigcina ulwazi lwamanje lwezidingo kuyo yonke indawo yesevisi yazo kanye nemigqa yesikhathi yemvume kumashejuli wephrojekthi. Ukuphathwa kahle kwezimvume kuvimbela ukubambezeleka futhi kukhombisa ubungcweti kumakhasimende. Omasipala abaningi baye balungisa izinqubo zabo zokuvumela i-solar eminyakeni yamuva, kodwa ukuzulazula kulezi zinqubo kusadinga ubuchwepheshe.
Ukuxhuma amasistimu elanga kugridi kagesi yaseMadrid kudinga ukusebenzelana nenkampani yendawo. Inqubo ihlanganisa ukuthunyelwa kwesicelo sobuchwepheshe, isifundo somthelela wegridi ekufakweni okukhulu, ukuhlolwa kokufakwa nokugunyazwa, nokufakwa kwamamitha noma ukuguqulwa kwe-net metering.
Ukuqonda le nqubo nokugcina ubudlelwano obuhle nabamele izinsiza zendawo kusiza ukusheshisa ukuxhumana futhi kuvimbele ukubambezeleka. Izifaki ezingochwepheshe ziqondisa amaklayenti esinyathelweni ngasinye futhi zisingathe izidingo zokuphatha egameni lawo.
Impumelelo emakethe yokuncintisana yaseMadrid idinga ukunakwa kukho kokubili ubuhle bezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusebenza kwebhizinisi.
Ukuhlolwa kwesayithi kochwepheshe kuvimbela izinkinga ngesikhathi sokufakwa nokusebenza. Izakhi zokuhlola ezibalulekile zihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwesakhiwo kwesimo sophahla namandla, ukuhlaziya okubanzi komthunzi unyaka wonke, ukuhlolwa kwesevisi kagesi nezimfuneko zokuthuthukisa, ukubekwa kwesistimu okuphelele okucabangela i-geometry yophahla kanye nezithiyo, nokucatshangelwa kokufinyelela ukuze kufakwe nokulungiswa kwesikhathi esizayo.
Amathuluzi edijithali anika amandla ukubhalwa kwesayithi okuphumelelayo, okuhlanganisa izithombe ezinezixhumanisi ze-GPS, alula le nqubo kuyilapho eqinisekisa ulwazi oluphelele lokuklanywa kwesistimu. Isikhathi esitshalwe ekuhloleni okuphelele sivimbela ama-oda oshintsho futhi siqinisekisa ukuthi amasistimu afakiwe asebenza njengoba kulindelwe.
Izifaki eziphumelelayo zihamba phambili ekuchazeni ulwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezobuchwepheshe nelezezimali ngokwemibandela eqondwa ngamakhasimende.
Izinqubo zokuxhumana ezibalulekile zihlanganisa ukusetha okulindelekile okungokoqobo mayelana nokuhluka kokukhiqiza kwesizini, ukuchaza ngokucacile ukuzisebenzisa uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthunyelwa kwegridi, ukudingida izidingo zokunakekela kanye nezinsizakalo ozikhethela, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezindawo eziningi zokuxhumana zemibuzo phakathi nangemuva kokufakwa.
Ukugwema i-jargon yobuchwepheshe nokugxila ezinzuzweni zeklayenti—ukonga imali kagesi, ukuzimela kwamandla, umthelela wemvelo—igcina izingxoxo zifinyeleleka futhi zihambisana. Amaklayenti aqondayo amasistimu awo aneliseke kakhulu futhi maningi amathuba okuthi anikeze ukudluliselwa.
Izifaki ezingochwepheshe ziyazehlukanisa ngosekelo oluhle kakhulu lwangemva kokufaka. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusethwa nokuqeqeshwa kokuqapha kwesistimu, imibhalo ecacile yokusebenza nokugcinwa kwesistimu, ukusekela okusabelayo kwemibuzo noma izinkathazo, kanye nezivumelwano zokuzithandela zokunakekelwa zokuhlanza nokuhlolwa.
Ukwesekwa okuqinile kwangemuva kokufakwa kudala ukudluliselwa futhi kuphinde ibhizinisi njengoba amakhasimende enweba amasistimu awo noma afaka ilanga lelanga kwezinye izakhiwo. Kuphinde kuvimbele izinto ezincane ukuthi zikhule zibe izingxabano ezilimaza isithunzi.
Imakethe yelanga yaseMadrid iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngokushesha, iheha izimbangi ezintsha njalo. Abafaki kufanele bazihlukanise ngekhwalithi, isevisi, nobungcweti kunokuncintisana ngentengo kuphela.
Amaklayenti aya ngokuya abona ukuthi intengo ephansi kakhulu ayilethi ngaso sonke isikhathi inani elingcono kakhulu. Izifaki ezingochwepheshe zithethelela intengo yeprimiyamu ngokuhlaziya okuphakeme kanye nemibhalo, izingxenye zekhwalithi ephezulu ezineziqinisekiso eziqinile, ubuchwepheshe bokufaka obufakazelwe kanye nezinqubo zokuphepha, ukusekela okuphelele kwangemuva kokufakwa, nokuxhumana okusobala kuyo yonke inqubo.
Ukutshala imali kumathuluzi ochwepheshe nezinqubo kuvumela abafaki ukuthi babonise leli nani eliphezulu ngeziphakamiso zabo nokusebenzisana kwamaklayenti. Ikhono lokunikeza ukuhlaziya okunemininingwane, okwenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo kukhombisa ngokushesha amaklayenti ukuthi asebenza nochwepheshe abaqonda izidingo zabo ezithile.
Abanye abafaki baphumelela ngokwenza ngokukhethekile amasegimenti emakethe noma izinhlobo zokufaka. Okukhethekile okungase kube khona eMadrid kufaka phakathi ukubuyiselwa kwezakhiwo ezingokomlando ezidinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile, ukufakwa kophahla lwezentengiselwano oluyisicaba, amaphrojekthi elanga omphakathi ezakhiweni zamafulethi, amasistimu okugcina elanga nebhethri ahlanganisiwe, nokufakwa kwezindlu zikanokusho ezinezidingo zobuhle.
Ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe endaweni ethile kunganciphisa ukuncintisana futhi kusekele amanani entengo olwazi olukhethekile nolwazi.
IMadrid inikezela ngamathuba amakhulu abafaki belanga abangochwepheshe abahlome ngedatha enembile, amathuluzi okuhlaziya ayinkimbinkimbi, nokuzibophezela kwikhwalithi. Izinsizakusebenza ezinhle kakhulu zesolar esifundeni, ubukhulu bezimakethe ezinkulu, kanye nemithetho esekelayo kudala izimo zokukhula kwebhizinisi okusimeme.
Impumelelo idinga ukuhlanganisa ubungcweti bokusebenza nokusebenza kahle kanye nesevisi yamakhasimende ephrofeshinali. Izifaki ezitshala imali kumathuluzi wokubala angochwepheshe, amakhono aphelele wokumodela ezezimali, kanye nokukhiqiza isiphakamiso esiphucuziwe bazibeka endaweni yokubamba isabelo semakethe kule ndawo yokuncintisana.
Ikhono lokukhiqiza ngokushesha iziphakamiso ezinembile, ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezisekelwa idatha eqondile yendawo ethile lihlukanisa abaholi bemakethe kubaqhudelani abadonsa kanzima. Njengoba imakethe yelanga laseMadrid iqhubeka nokuvuthwa, amakhasimende aya ngokuya elindela futhi aklomelise leli zinga lobungcweti.