Kuyini ukukhiqiza amaphaneli elanga?
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Solar Panel kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yezobuchwepheshe eguqula amandla elanga angenenzi ugesi osebenzisekayo.
Lokhu kuguqulwa kwenzeka nge-Photovoltaic Effect, kutholwe ngo-1839 ngu-Alexandre Edmond Becquelel, okuyinto
Inika amandla amaseli elanga ukukhiqiza amanje kagesi lapho kuvezwa ukukhanya.
Le khasi Inqubo yokukhiqiza yeSolar Panel kubandakanya izigaba ezimbalwa ezibalulekile, kusuka ku-silicon eluhlaza
Ukukhishwa ekufakweni kokugcina kwamamojula we-Photovoltaic ophahleni lwendlu noma ezitshalweni zamandla elanga.
Izinyathelo ezi-7 eziyisisekelo zokukhiqizwa kwelanga
1. Isizinda se-silicon nokuhlanzwa
Okokuqala Isinyathelo Ekukhiqizeni kwelanga iqala ngokukhipha i-silicon kusuka ku-quartz sand (Sio₂).
I-Silicon ibala cishe amaseli wamanje we-photovoltaic.
Inqubo yokuhlanza:
- Ukuncishiswa kwe-quartz emaceleni kagesi arc are-3,632°F (2000°C)
- Ukukhiqizwa kweMetallurgical Silicon (Ubumsulwa abangama-98%)
- Ukuhlanzwa kwamakhemikhali ngenqubo ye-Nokia ukuze kufinyelelwe ubumsulwa be-99.9999%
- Ukukhiqizwa kweSolar-grade Silicon
Lesi sigaba sidla amandla amakhulu, amele ama-45% e-carbon yonyawo ephelele ye-solar.
2. Ukwakha ama-Crystalline Silicon Ingots
Uma sekuhlanzwa, i-silicon incibilikile futhi yancibilikisa ukwakha amaCylindrical Ingots (Monocrystalline) noma amabhlogo esikwele
(polycrystalline).
Izindlela ezimbili eziphambili:
- Indlela ye-CZochRalski: Khiqiza i-monocrystalline silico ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu (20-22%)
- Indlela Yokusakaza: Kwenziwa i-polycrystalline silico, ebiza kakhulu kepha ngokusebenza okuphansi
(15-17%)
3
Ama-Ingots abe esesikiwe abe ama-disc amancane abizwa ama-wafers kusetshenziswa amasa sayiya yedayimane. Leli
Isinyathelo sokukhiqiza esibucayi inquma ubukhulu bokugcina kwamaseli we-photovoltaic.
Izici ze-Wafer:
- Ubukhulu: Ama-micrometer angama-180 kuya kwangama-200
- Ukulahleka Kwezinto Ezibonakalayo: Cishe ama-50% ngesikhathi sokusika
- Indawo ebunjiwe futhi ebekiwe yokwenza kahle ukumuncwa kokukhanya
4. Ukwakheka kweselula kweSolar
Lesi sigaba siguqula ama-wafers abe amaseli asebenzayo akwazi ukukhiqiza ugesi.
Inqubo yokudonsa:
- Uhlobo lwe-P-Tiddle DOPIGH: Ukungeza i-boron ukudala amacala amahle
- N-hlobo doping: Ukufaka i-phosphorus ngamacala amabi
- Ukwakheka kwe-PN Junction, inhliziyo ye-Photovoltaic Effect
Ukungeza Oxhumana Nabo Kagesi:
- Ukuphrinta kwesikrini kwama-pastes okuphakelayo (isiliva, aluminium)
- Ukudubula okushisa okuphezulu koxhumana nabo e-fuse
- Ukuhlolwa kukagesi kweseli ngalinye
I-5. I-Solar Module Assembly
Amaseli ngamanye ahlangene ekwakhekeni Qedela amaphaneli elanga aphelele.
Isakhiwo semodyuli:
- Ingilazi elwa nama-anti-ekhanyayo (ubuso bangaphambili)
- Eva (ethylene vinyl acetate) empurslent
- Amaseli we-Photovoltaic axhumene
- I-Purective bacheet (ubuso obungemuva)
- Uhlaka lwe-aluminium lokuqina
-Sanda kuvela Imisebenzi ephaneli
Ukukhiqiza Faka phakathi ubuchwepheshe be-TopCon ne-Heterojunction, enika amandla ama-effecceancs adlula ama-23%.
6. Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kanye nesitifiketi
Iphaneli ngayinye yelanga iyaqhubeka Ukuhlolwa okuqinile Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza nokuqina:
- Ukuhlolwa kwamandla ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlola ezijwayelekile (STC)
- Ukuhlolwa kukagesi kokufakelwa ngogesi
- Ukuhlolwa kwesimo sezulu
- Isitifiketi Somhlaba Wonke (IEC 61215, IEC 61730)
7. Ukufakwa nokukhokhiswa
Isinyathelo sokugcina sibandakanya ukufaka amaphaneli endaweni yawo lapho uya khona:
Ukufakwa kwendawo yokuhlala:
- Ukufunda okungenzeka kusetshenziswa amathuluzi afanaPVGIS24
- Uphahla noma ukubekwa phansi
- Ukuxhumeka kukagesi nokukhokhiswa
Ukufakwa Kwezentengiso:
- Izitshalo zamandla amakhulu elanga ezinkulu
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwegridi
- Izinhlelo zokuqapha ezithuthukisiwe
Ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa ekukhiqizweni kwelanga
Amaseli weProvskite
Amaseli weProvskite umele ikusasa lokukhiqizwa kwe-photovoltaic nge-theoretical
I-EFFICEENCINES edlula ama-40% ekucushweni kwe-tandem.
Amaseli we-Bifacial
Lawa maseli athwebula ukukhanya nhlangothi zombili, okwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ngo-10 kuye ku-30% kuya ngemvelo.
Ukukhiqizwa Kwefilimu
Enye indlela ye-Crystalline Silico, lobu buchwepheshe busebenzisa izinto ezingaphansi ze-semiconductor ngenkathi kugcinwa okuhle
Ukusebenza kahle.
Umthelela wezemvelo kanye nokusimama
Ukukhiqizwa kwesimanje kwelanga kufaka phakathi ukukhathazeka okukhulayo kwemvelo. Le khasi Umthelela wezemvelo we-solar
amandla iyaqhubeka nokunciphisa ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe.
Isikhathi sokukhokha amandla: Iphaneli yelanga ibuyisela amandla asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kwayo kungakapheli 1 kuya ku-4
Iminyaka, isikhathi sokuphila kweminyaka engama-25 kuye kwengama-30.
I-Solar Panel Recycling
isixazululo Futhi ziba nzima ngokwengeziwe, nezinhlelo zokuphinda zisebenze kabusha zivumela ukuvuselelwa kwama-95% wezinto zokwakha.
Ukwenza kahle iphrojekthi yakho yelanga
Usayizi ngokufanele ukufakwa kwakho, sebenzisa PVGIS Okokubala ilanga Okucatshangelwa:
- I-solar irradiation esifundeni sakho
- Ukuqondiswa okuhle nokutsheka
- Ukudonswa okungaba khona kanye nezingqinamba
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okucatshangelwe
Le khasi PVGIS simulator yezezimali futhi kukusiza
Hlaziya inzuzo yokutshala kwakho i-photovoltaic.
Ikusasa lokukhiqizwa kwelanga
Izinyathelo Zokukhiqiza ze-Photovoltaic Qhubeka nokuvela:
- Ukukhulisa okuzenzakalelayo kwemigqa yokukhiqiza
- Ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza
- Ukuthuthukisa Izithelo Zamandla
- Ukuhlanganisa ubuhlakani bokufakelwa kokwenza kahle
Qhathanisa ukukhiqizwa okuhlukile
Izindlela ikhombisa ukuthi i-crystalline silicon ihlala ibusa, kepha ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile bayathola
emhlabathini.
I-FAQ - Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo Ngokukhiqiza Solar
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwenza iphaneli yelanga?
Ukukhiqizwa kwephaneli yelanga ephelele, kusuka ekukhishweni kwe-silicon kuMkhiqizo osuqediwe, kuthatha cishe amasonto amabili kuya kwayi-4.
Kodwa-ke, uma kufakwa ukuhlanzwa kwe-silicon, inqubo inganweba izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwamangqamuzana ama-monocrystalline nama-polycrystalline?
Amaseli we-Monocrystalline anikela ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu (20-22%) kanye nokusebenza okungcono okukhanyayo kepha kubiza kakhulu.
Amangqamuzana e-polycrystalline abiza kakhulu nge-15-17% ukusebenza kahle kepha adinga isikhala esithe xaxa sokukhiqizwa okufanayo.
Mangakanani amandla adingekayo ukukhiqiza iphaneli yelanga?
Ukukhiqiza iphaneli yelanga engama-300W kudinga amandla acishe abe ngu-200-400 kWh, ikakhulukazi ngokuhlanzwa kwe-silicon.
La mandla asuswe kungakapheli iminyaka engu-1-4 esetshenziswa ngokuya ngesifunda sokufaka.
Ingabe amapaneli elanga ayasebenza kabusha?
Yebo, amaphaneli elanga angama-95% asetshenziswa kabusha. Ingilazi, i-aluminium, kanye ne-silicon zingatholwa futhi zisetshenziswe kabusha. Sebenzisa kabusha
Izikhungo zithuthuka emhlabeni wonke ukucubungula isizukulwane sokuqala samaphaneli ukufinyelela ukuphela kwempilo.
Yini impilo yephaneli yelanga?
Iphaneli yelanga inesikhathi sokuphila esiyiminyaka engama-25 kuye kwangama-30 nge-Creaty Warnies evame ukuqinisekisa ama-80% okuqala
Amandla ngemuva kweminyaka engama-25. Amanye amaphaneli angaqhubeka nokusebenza ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 ngokucekelwa phansi kancane kancane.
Ikhwalithi ilawulwa kanjani ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza?
Isigaba ngasinye sokukhiqiza sifaka izilawuli zekhwalithi: Ukuhlolwa kukagesi kwamaseli, ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, umakheni
Ukuhlolwa kokumelana, isitifiketi esizimele selebhu, kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.
Yimaphi amazwe abusa ukukhiqizwa kwe-solar yomhlaba?
I-China imele cishe ama-70% wokukhiqizwa kwephaneli yelanga lomhlaba wonke, elandelwa iMalaysia, eVietnam, naseJalimane.
I-Europe kanye ne-United States bathuthukisa futhi amandla abo okukhiqiza ukunciphisa ukuncika.
Ingabe ukusebenza kahle kwamaphaneli akhona kuthuthukiswe?
Uma sekwenziwe, ukusebenza kahle kwephaneli ngeke kwenziwe ngcono. Kodwa-ke, ukufakwa kokufakwa (ukuqondiswa, ukutsheka,
Izinhlelo zokupholisa) zingakhulisa ukukhiqizwa. Izizukulwane ezintsha manje zifinyelela ukusebenza kahle okungaphezulu kuka-23%.
Ukujulisa ulwazi lwakho lwe-photovoltaic futhi uthuthukise iphrojekthi yakho yelanga, thintana neyethu feza PVGIS khapha futhi uthole kwethu -nolwazi
umcabango igcinelwe ababhalisile be-premium.
