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Madrid ndi amodzi mwa misika yowoneka bwino kwambiri ku Spain yoyika ma solar, kuphatikiza kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kwa magetsi kuchokera kumizinda yayikulu.
Ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kwapachaka kwapakati pa 1,650-1,700 kWh/m², chigawo cha likulu chimapereka chuma cholimba cha ntchito zonse zogona komanso zamalonda za photovoltaic.
Kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe a solar a Madrid ndikofunikira pakupanga makina olondola komanso malingaliro a kasitomala. Nyengo ya kuderali imapangitsa kuti pakhale nyengo zodziwika bwino zomwe akatswiri okhazikitsa amayenera kuwerengera pokonzekera kuyerekezera zomwe zidzachitike komanso momwe ndalama zidzakhalire.
Madrid imalandira pafupifupi 1,650-1,700 kWh/m² yapachaka yapadziko lonse lapansi yopingasa, ndikuyiyika pakati pamitu yayikulu ku Europe kuti ikhale ndi mphamvu zoyendera dzuwa. Mzindawu umapindula ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kwa maola opitilira 2,700 pachaka, okhala ndi mphamvu zoyendera dzuwa m'nyengo yamasika ndi chilimwe.
Dongosolo ladzuwa losasinthikali limapangitsa Madrid kukhala malo abwino opangira ma solar omangidwa ndi gridi komanso kudzipangira okha.
Udindo wa likulu pafupifupi 40.4°N latitude imatanthauza kuti ngodya zopendekeka bwino zimagwera pakati pa 30° ndi 35° pofuna kukulitsa kupanga pachaka.
Komabe, oyikapo ayenera kuganizira za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka kasitomala posankha njira yomaliza ndi kupendekeka kwake, chifukwa malonda omwe amafika pachimake nthawi yachilimwe amatha kupindula ndi ngodya zopendekeka pang'ono.
Kupanga kwa dzuŵa ku Madrid kukuwonetsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa nyengo, ndipo miyezi yachilimwe imapanga mphamvu zochulukirapo nthawi 2.5 kuposa miyezi yozizira. July nthawi zambiri amapereka ntchito zapamwamba, pamene December akuwonetsa zotsika kwambiri.
Okhazikitsa akatswiri ayenera kufotokozera momveka bwino za kusinthaku kwa makasitomala kuti akhazikitse ziyembekezo zenizeni zokhuza ndalama zomwe azigwiritsa ntchito pamwezi komanso kuchuluka kwa gridi yotumiza kunja.
Pamalo okhazikika a 5 kW okhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino ku Madrid, kupanga pamwezi kumachokera pafupifupi 350 kWh mu Disembala mpaka 850 kWh mu Julayi. Ziwerengerozi zimatengera mthunzi wocheperako ndipo zimatengera kuwonongeka kwadongosolo komwe kumaphatikizapo kutentha, dothi, komanso kuyendetsa bwino kwa inverter.
Kuwonetsera kolondola kwa mwezi uliwonse kumathandiza makasitomala kumvetsetsa ndalama zomwe amayembekezera kuti awononge magetsi chaka chonse ndikupewa kukhumudwa m'miyezi yozizira.
Ngakhale kuti Madrid imapereka mphamvu zabwino kwambiri za dzuwa, imatsika pang'ono pamapiri apamwamba omwe amapezeka kum'mwera kwa Spain. Kuyelekeza ndi Andalusia ndi zida zapadera za dzuwa, Madrid imalandira pafupifupi 8-10% kuchepera pachaka walitsa.
Komabe, kusiyana kumeneku kumathetsedwa ndi kukula kwa msika wa Madrid, kukwera mtengo kwamagetsi, komanso kufunikira kwakukulu kwamalonda.
Kuthekera kwa dzuwa ku Madrid kumaposa madera akumpoto ngati Dziko la Basque pafupifupi 20-25%, kupangitsa dera likulu kukhala lokongola kwambiri pazachuma zadzuwa.
Poyerekeza ndi madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ngati Barcelona kapena Valencia, Madrid ikuwonetsa kuthekera kofananira kopanga, ngakhale ndikusintha kochulukira kwanyengo chifukwa cha nyengo yake.
Nyengo ndi malo akumatauni ku Madrid zimapanga zovuta zaukadaulo ndi mwayi womwe akatswiri okhazikitsa ayenera kuthana nawo kuti agwire bwino ntchito.
Madrid imakumana ndi chilimwe chotentha ndi kutentha kwapadenga komwe kumapitilira 55-60°C mu July ndi August. Kutentha kokwezeka kumeneku kumatha kuchepetsa mphamvu ya module ya photovoltaic ndi 12-15% poyerekeza ndi miyeso yoyeserera.
Kapangidwe kakatswiri kachitidwe kaukadaulo kuyenera kuwerengera kutayika kwa kutentha kumeneku kuti apereke kuyerekezera koyenera kwa kapangidwe.
Kusankha ma module okhala ndi ma coefficients otsika otentha (oyenera pansipa -0.40%/°C) imathandizira kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito a chilimwe. Kuonetsetsa kuti pamakhala mpweya wokwanira pansi pa denga lokwera kudzera m'makina okwera bwino kumachepetsanso kutentha komanso kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zokolola zamphamvu pachaka.
Kwa madenga athyathyathya amalonda, makina okwera opendekeka amapereka mpweya wabwino kwambiri kuposa nyumba zomangidwa ndi zomangira.
Kumbali ina, nyengo yozizira ku Madrid imatha kupangitsa kuti mphamvu za solar ziwonjezeke m'masiku achisanu, ndikuchepetsa pang'ono kutentha kwa miyezi imeneyi. Zida zopangira ma model zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa kutentha kwa mwezi ndi mwezi zimapereka chiyerekezo cholondola chapachaka kuposa zowerengera zosavuta.
Malo okhala m'tawuni ya Madrid nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zovuta zamtundu wanyumba zoyandikana, machumuni, ndi zopinga zina zapadenga. Kuwunika kwa tsamba la akatswiri kuyenera kuwunika mosamalitsa mawonekedwe a shading chaka chonse, chifukwa ngakhale mthunzi pang'ono ungakhudze kwambiri magwiridwe antchito.
Ukadaulo wamakono wa optimizer ndi ma microinverters amathandizira kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa shading polola gulu lililonse kuti lizigwira ntchito palokha.
Komabe, zothetsera izi zimabwera pamtengo wowonjezera, zomwe zimafunika kusanthula mosamala zachuma kuti muwone ngati zili zoyenera kuyikapo kwinakwake. Kusanthula kolondola kwa shading panthawi yamalingaliro kumalepheretsa kukhumudwitsidwa kwamakasitomala ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ndalama zomwe akuyembekezeredwa zimachitika.
Pazikhazikiko zokhala ndi shading yosalephereka, kutsatiridwa kwatsatanetsatane kwatsatanetsatane komwe kumatengera mawonekedwe amtundu wapachaka ndikofunikira. Mulingo wowunikirawu umasiyanitsa oyika akatswiri ndi omwe amapereka kuyerekezera kwanthawi zonse kutengera denga lokha.
Malo akumatauni a Madrid komanso nyengo yowuma kwambiri zimapangitsa kuti fumbi liwunjike pamagetsi adzuwa. Ngakhale mzindawu umalandira mvula yokwanira yoyeretsa mapanelo achilengedwe m'miyezi yozizira, nthawi yowuma nthawi yachilimwe imatha kuchepetsa zotulutsa ndi 4-6% mpaka mvula ibwere kapena kuyeretsa pamanja.
Malingaliro a akatswiri akuyenera kuwerengera kuwonongeka kwa dothi pakuyerekeza kwazomwe amapanga ndikuphatikiza chitsogozo chokhudza kukonza kuyeretsa kosafunikira.
Pazokhazikitsa zamalonda, kuphatikiza kuyeretsa nthawi ndi nthawi m'makontrakitala okonza kumatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito komanso kukhutitsidwa kwamakasitomala.
Makasitomala ogona ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti kuyeretsa nthawi ndi nthawi pakanthawi kouma kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kupanga.
Kuchuluka kwa anthu ku Madrid, nyumba zomanga zosiyanasiyana, komanso chuma champhamvu zimapanga magawo amsika angapo kuti oyika ma solar akwaniritse.
Gawo lokhalamo likuyimira mwayi waukulu kwambiri ku Madrid ndi kuchuluka kwa polojekiti. Kukwera kwamitengo yamagetsi kwapangitsa kuti kuzigwiritsa ntchito kwa dzuwa kukhale kokongola kwa eni nyumba, ndi nthawi yobwezera yazaka 6-8 pamakina opangidwa bwino.
Kuphatikizika kwa likulu la nyumba zabanja limodzi ndi nyumba zocheperako kumapereka mwayi wosiyanasiyana wokhazikitsa.
Okhazikitsa bwino nyumba amayang'ana pakusintha kwachangu, zida zowonetsera akatswiri, komanso kusanthula ndalama mowonekera. Eni nyumba amafufuza mochulukira zosankha za solar asanakumane ndi oyika, kutanthauza kuti amafika ndi chidziwitso komanso chiyembekezo chachikulu cha ukatswiri.
Kutha kupanga mwachangu malingaliro olondola, osinthidwa makonda okhala ndi malingaliro atsatanetsatane azachuma kumalekanitsa atsogoleri amsika ndi omwe akupikisana nawo.
Makasitomala okhala ku Madrid nthawi zambiri amayika makina apakati pa 3-8 kW, kukula kwake kuti agwirizane ndi zomwe amadya pachaka ndikukulitsa kuchuluka kwazomwe azigwiritsa ntchito. Kupatsa makasitomala zosankha zingapo zamakina, iliyonse ili ndi kupanga mwatsatanetsatane komanso kusanthula kwachuma, kumawathandiza kupanga zisankho zanzeru zogwirizana ndi bajeti zawo komanso zolinga zamphamvu.
Gawo lazamalonda ku Madrid limapereka kukula kwakukulu kwa projekiti komanso mipata yokwera kwa oyika oyenerera. Nyumba zamaofesi, malo ogulitsira, malo osungiramo zinthu, ndi malo opangira zinthu zili ndi denga lalikulu komanso njira zogwiritsira ntchito masana zomwe zimagwirizana bwino ndi dzuwa.
Makasitomala amakasitomala amafunikira kusanthula kwaukadaulo kuphatikiza kufananiza mwatsatanetsatane kagwiritsidwe ntchito, njira zingapo zopezera ndalama, ndikuphatikizana ndi machitidwe omwe alipo kale kasamalidwe ka mphamvu.
Kutha kutengera masinthidwe osiyanasiyana mwachangu ndikupanga kusanthula kofananirako ndikofunikira kuti mupambane mapulojekitiwa.
Makasitomala ambiri amakasitomala amayembekezanso malingaliro awo kuti akwaniritse zolinga zawo zokhazikika komanso zofunikira zamabizinesi kupitilira kubweza ndalama.
Kuyika kwamalonda ku Madrid nthawi zambiri kumayambira 20 kW kumabizinesi ang'onoang'ono mpaka ma megawati angapo pamafakitale akulu akulu. Gawo lamsikali limapereka mphotho kwa okhazikitsa omwe ali ndi luso lamphamvu, ukadaulo wazachuma, komanso luso lotsimikizika la kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti.
Malamulo aku Spain omwe amathandizira kuti anthu azidzidyera pamodzi atsegula mwayi m'matauni a Madrid pomwe anthu okhala m'nyumba zawo alibe madenga oyenera oyikamo anthu.
Mapulojekiti ammudziwa amalola ogula angapo kugawana zopanga kuchokera pa kukhazikitsa kamodzi, komwe kumakhala padenga la nyumbayo kapena malo oyandikana nawo.
Ntchito zoyendera dzuwa zimafunikira kusanthula mosamalitsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka anthu ambiri, kugawana zopanga, komanso njira zogawa ndalama.
Zida zamaluso zomwe zimatha kutengera zochitika zovutazi zimapereka mwayi wopikisana nawo pamsika womwe ukubwerawu. Pamene chidziwitso chikukula, mphamvu ya dzuwa imayimira kukula kwakukulu m'matauni a Madrid.
Kukonzekera kolondola kwazachuma ndikofunikira kwambiri pakusandutsa otsogolera kukhala makontrakitala osainidwa. Mitengo yamagetsi ku Madrid ndi zolimbikitsa zomwe zilipo zimapanga chuma chowoneka bwino chomwe akatswiri okhazikitsa ayenera kulumikizana bwino ndi omwe angakhale makasitomala.
Mitengo yamagetsi ku Madrid, pomwe imasiyanasiyana kutengera mtengo wamitengo ndi kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, nthawi zambiri imachokera €0.12-0.18 pa kWh kwa ogula okhala ndi €0.10-0.15 pa kWh kwa ogwiritsa ntchito malonda.
Mitengoyi imapangitsa kuti magetsi adzuwa aziwoneka bwino pachuma, chifukwa mtengo wopewedwa umaposa mtengo wokhazikika wamagetsi adzuwa.
Kusanthula kwazachuma kwa akatswiri kuyenera kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa zomwe amadya potengera momwe kasitomala amagwiritsira ntchito komanso kukula kwadongosolo. Pazikhazikiko zogona, mitengo yodzigwiritsira ntchito nthawi zambiri imachokera ku 30-50% popanda kusungirako mabatire, pomwe mabizinesi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito masana-masana amatha kudzipangira okha 60-80%.
Kudzigulira kokwera kwambiri kumapititsa patsogolo chuma cha polojekiti pokulitsa kugula kwamagetsi kopewedwa.
Mphamvu zowonjezera zomwe zimatumizidwa ku gululi zimalandira malipiro, ngakhale pamitengo yotsika kusiyana ndi mitengo yamagetsi ogulitsa. Katswiri wofananira ayenera kuwerengera mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso zotumizidwa kunja powerengera kuchuluka kwa projekiti ndi nthawi yobwezera.
Makasitomala amakono a solar amayembekeza kuwunikira njira zingapo zopezera ndalama kupitilira kugula ndalama. Malingaliro a akatswiri akuyenera kuphatikizapo kuwerengera ndalama zogulira ndalama zosonyeza nthawi yobweza ndi ndalama zamkati zomwe zibwezedwe, njira zopezera ndalama zofananira ndi mabilu amagetsi apano, makonzedwe a lease ngati kuli kotheka, ndi kuwerengera ndalama zonse zomwe zilipo pazochitika zosiyanasiyana.
Kutha kupanga mwachangu ndikufanizira zochitika zandalama zingapo pamisonkhano yamakasitomala zitha kufulumizitsa kupanga zisankho ndikuwonjezera kutembenuka. Zida zamaluso azachuma zomwe zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zolipirira, chiwongola dzanja, ndi mawu amawongolera njirayi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti izi ndi zolondola pazochitika zosiyanasiyana.
Mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana amapereka ndalama zothandizira kuyika kwa dzuwa ku Madrid, kuphatikiza zolimbikitsa zamatauni ndi zigawo. Mapulogalamuwa amasintha nthawi ndi nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kofunika kusunga chidziwitso chamakono cha chithandizo chomwe chilipo.
Boma lachigawo cha Madrid lapereka ndalama zothandizira 20-40% ya ndalama zoyikira nyumba zogona pansi pa mapulogalamu ena.
Kuphatikizira zolimbikitsira zomwe zilipo m'malingaliro azachuma kumathandizira kwambiri chuma cha polojekiti ndipo kumatha kukhala kusiyana pakati pa kasitomala kupitilira kapena kuchedwa. Okhazikitsa akatswiri akuyenera kudziwitsa za mapulogalamu omwe alipo komanso kuwaphatikiza m'malingaliro awo m'malo modikirira kuti makasitomala afunse.
Msika wampikisano wa Madrid umafunikira kuchita bwino komanso ukadaulo panthawi yonse yogulitsa ndi kukhazikitsa. Zida zowerengera zaukadaulo ndi ma modelling zimathandizira oyika kuti azigwira ntchito mwachangu pomwe akupereka malingaliro apamwamba kwambiri.
Zowerengera zanthawi zonse za solar zimapereka kuyerekezera kovutirapo, koma mapulojekiti amakatswiri amafunikira chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane cha malo enieni. Kuwala kwa Madrid kumasiyanasiyana kudera lonselo chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mtunda komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa nyengo. Kupezeka kwa data yeniyeni ya GPS kumawonetsetsa kuti malingaliro akuwonetsa momwe malo alili enieni m'malo motengera madera.
Zida zaukatswiri zokhala ndi nkhokwe zakuya zoyatsira zimatheketsa oyika kuyikamo momwe amalumikizirana ndikulandila zolosera zolondola. Kulondola uku kumalepheretsa kulonjeza mopitilira muyeso ndikuwonetsetsa kuti makina oyika amakumana kapena kupitilira zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa, kumanga mbiri ya okhazikitsa ndikuchepetsa mikangano yoyika.
Kukhazikitsa kulikonse ku Madrid kumapereka mawonekedwe apadera omwe amafunikira kusanthula makonda. Maonekedwe a padenga, mawonekedwe a shading, mbiri ya ogwiritsa ntchito, ndi bajeti yamakasitomala zimasiyana kwambiri pama projekiti. Kutha kutengera masanjidwe adongosolo mwachangu—makulidwe osiyanasiyana, mayendedwe, ngodya zopendekeka—popanda zopinga zimathandiza kukhathamiritsa bwino kwa polojekiti.
Kulembetsa kwaukatswiri komwe kumapereka zoyeserera zopanda malire pagawo lililonse la projekiti kumachotsa zopinga za kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ndikulimbikitsa kusanthula kwathunthu.
M'malo mochepetsa kusanthula ku chimodzi kapena ziwiri zoyambira, oyika amatha kuyang'ana zochitika zingapo kuti adziwe njira yabwino yothetsera vuto lililonse la kasitomala. Kukwanira uku kumapangitsa kuti kachitidwe kachitidwe kachitidwe komanso kukhutira kwamakasitomala.
Msika wampikisano waku Madrid umafunikira kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane kwachuma komwe kumapitilira kuwerengera kosavuta kobwezera. Makasitomala amakasitomala amayembekeza kuwona njira zingapo zopezera ndalama, kusanthula kwazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kufananiza masaizi osiyanasiyana amakina, komanso zowonera kwanthawi yayitali kuphatikiza mtengo wokonza ndikuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito.
Maluso apamwamba azachuma amathandiza oyika kuti athe kuthana ndi ziyembekezo izi moyenera. Kutha kutengera njira zandalama zosiyanasiyana (ndalama, ngongole, kubwereketsa), kufananiza zochitika zingapo mbali ndi mbali, ndikupanga malipoti azachuma amasiyanitsa makampani akuluakulu oyendera dzuwa ndi ntchito zachibwanabwana.
Zolemba zamawu apamwamba kwambiri zimakulitsa chidaliro chamakasitomala ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa otembenuka. Malipoti a akatswiri akuyenera kuphatikizira zambiri za malo omwe amawunikira komanso kuyerekezera komwe akupanga, tsatanetsatane wamakina ndi zidziwitso zamagulu, mbiri yopangira mwezi ndi mwezi ndikudzigwiritsa ntchito, kuyerekeza kwandalama kokhala ndi zochitika zingapo, komanso masanjidwe omveka bwino adongosolo ndi mapulani oyika.
Nthawi yoyikidwa muzolemba zamaluso imapereka zopindulitsa kudzera mumitengo yotsekera komanso mafunso ocheperako pambuyo pogulitsa. Makasitomala amayembekezera zambiri zatsatanetsatane ndipo amatha kufunsa oyika omwe sangathe kupereka. Zida zamaluso zomwe zimapanga malipoti opukutidwa bwino zimapangitsa kuti mulingo uwu ukhale wotheka popanda kuwononga nthawi yambiri.
Kumvetsetsa malamulo a m'deralo ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake
Kuyika kwa dzuwa ku Madrid kumafuna zilolezo zosiyanasiyana kutengera kukula kwa dongosolo ndi mawonekedwe omanga. Kukhazikitsa kwanyumba nthawi zambiri kumafunikira zilolezo zomanga ma municipalities, ziphaso zoyikira magetsi, ndi zilolezo zolumikizidwa ndi grid.
Zofunikira zimasiyana malinga ndi ma municipalities mkati mwa mzinda wa Madrid.
Okhazikitsa akatswiri amakhala ndi chidziwitso chaposachedwa cha zofunikira mdera lawo lonse lantchito ndipo amaloleza nthawi yake kukhala madongosolo a polojekiti. Kuwongolera bwino kwa chilolezo kumalepheretsa kuchedwa ndikuwonetsa ukatswiri kwa makasitomala. Ma municipalities ambiri asintha njira zawo zololeza dzuwa m'zaka zaposachedwa, koma kuyendetsa njirazi kumafunikirabe ukadaulo.
Kulumikiza ma solar ku gridi yamagetsi yaku Madrid kumafuna mgwirizano ndi kampani yothandiza m'deralo. Ntchitoyi ikuphatikiza kutumiza ntchito zaukadaulo, kafukufuku wa gridi pazoyika zazikulu, kuyang'anira unsembe ndi kuvomereza, komanso kukhazikitsa kapena kusinthidwa kwa mita.
Kumvetsetsa ndondomekoyi ndi kusunga maubwenzi abwino ndi oimira mabungwe a m'deralo kumathandiza kufulumira kulumikizana ndikupewa kuchedwa. Akatswiri okhazikitsa amawongolera makasitomala pagawo lililonse ndikuwongolera zofunikira m'malo mwawo.
Kupambana pamsika wampikisano wa Madrid kumafuna chidwi ndi luso laukadaulo komanso mabizinesi.
Kuwunika kwa tsamba la akatswiri kumalepheretsa zovuta pakuyika ndikugwiritsa ntchito. Zofunikira zowunika zimaphatikizanso kuwunika momwe denga lilili komanso kuchuluka kwake, kusanthula kwathunthu kwa shading chaka chonse, kuwunika kwa ntchito yamagetsi ndikukweza zofunikira, kuyika kwadongosolo koyenera poganizira za denga ndi zopinga, ndi malingaliro ofikira pakuyika ndi kukonza mtsogolo.
Zida zama digito zomwe zimathandizira zolemba bwino zamasamba, kuphatikiza zithunzi zokhala ndi ma GPS ogwirizanitsa, zimathandizira izi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zidziwitso zonse zadongosolo ladongosolo. Nthawi yomwe idayikidwa pakuwunika bwino imalepheretsa kusintha ndikuwonetsetsa kuti makina oyika akugwira ntchito momwe akuyembekezeredwa.
Okhazikitsa ochita bwino amapambana pofotokozera zambiri zaukadaulo ndi zachuma momwe makasitomala amamvetsetsa.
Njira zazikulu zoyankhulirana zimaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa ziyembekezo zenizeni pakusintha kwanyengo, kufotokoza momveka bwino momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito molingana ndi kutumiza kunja kwa gridi, kukambirana zofunika pakukonza ndi ntchito zomwe mwasankha, ndikupereka mayankho angapo pamafunso pakuyika ndi pambuyo pake.
Kupewa mawu aukadaulo ndikuyang'ana kwambiri zopindulitsa za kasitomala—ndalama zosungira magetsi, kudziyimira pawokha, kukhudzidwa kwachilengedwe—amasunga zokambilana kuti zifikike komanso zikhale zofunikira. Makasitomala omwe amamvetsetsa machitidwe awo amakhala okhutitsidwa komanso amatha kupereka zotumizira.
Okhazikitsa akatswiri amadzisiyanitsa ndi chithandizo chabwino kwambiri cha pambuyo poika. Izi zikuphatikizapo kukhazikitsidwa ndi kuphunzitsidwa kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kabwino kake
Thandizo lolimba pambuyo poyikirapo limapangitsa kutumiza ndikubwereza bizinesi pomwe makasitomala akukulitsa makina awo kapena kukhazikitsa solar pazowonjezera zina. Zimathandizanso kuti nkhani zing'onozing'ono zisamakule n'kukhala mikangano yomwe imawononga mbiri.
Msika woyendera dzuwa ku Madrid ukupitilira kukula mwachangu, kukopa opikisana nawo atsopano pafupipafupi. Okhazikitsa akuyenera kudzipatula okha kudzera muubwino, ntchito, ndi ukatswiri m'malo mongopikisana pamitengo.
Makasitomala amazindikira kuti mtengo wotsika kwambiri nthawi zonse umapereka mtengo wabwino kwambiri. Okhazikitsa akatswiri amalungamitsa mitengo yamtengo wapatali kudzera mu kusanthula kwapamwamba ndi zolemba, zida zapamwamba kwambiri zokhala ndi zitsimikizo zamphamvu, ukatswiri wotsimikizika wa kukhazikitsa ndi njira zachitetezo, chithandizo chokwanira pambuyo poyika, komanso kulumikizana mowonekera panthawi yonseyi.
Kuyika ndalama pazida ndi njira zamaukadaulo kumathandizira oyika kuti awonetse mtengo wapamwambawu kudzera mumalingaliro awo komanso kulumikizana kwamakasitomala. Kutha kupereka mwatsatanetsatane, kusanthula mwamakonda kumawonetsa makasitomala omwe akugwira ntchito ndi akatswiri omwe amamvetsetsa zosowa zawo zenizeni.
Oyikira ena amapambana mwaukadaulo wa magawo amsika kapena mitundu yoyika. Zomwe zitha kuchitika ku Madrid zikuphatikizanso zomanga zakale zomwe zimafunikira kuganiziridwa mwapadera, kuyika denga lathyathyathya, mapulojekiti adzuwa am'dera lanyumba zogona, makina ophatikizika a dzuwa ndi mabatire, komanso kuyikamo nyumba zapamwamba zokhala ndi zofunikira zokongola.
Kupanga ukadaulo mu niche inayake kumatha kuchepetsa mpikisano ndikuthandizira mitengo yamtengo wapatali pazidziwitso zapadera komanso luso.
Madrid imapereka mwayi wochuluka kwa akatswiri oyika ma solar omwe ali ndi deta yolondola, zida zowunikira zapamwamba, komanso kudzipereka pakuchita bwino. Zida zabwino kwambiri zamadzuwa amderali, kukula kwa msika waukulu, ndi malamulo othandizira zimapangitsa kuti bizinesi ikule bwino.
Kupambana kumafuna kuphatikiza ukatswiri waukadaulo ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso ntchito zamakasitomala akatswiri. Okhazikitsa omwe amagulitsa zida zowerengera zamaluso, luso lazachuma, komanso kupanga malingaliro opukutidwa amadzipangitsa kuti azitha kutenga nawo gawo pamsika wampikisanowu.
Kutha kupanga mwachangu malingaliro olondola, osinthidwa makonda mothandizidwa ndi deta yeniyeni yamalo kumasiyanitsa atsogoleri amsika ndi omwe akupikisana nawo. Pomwe msika woyendera dzuwa ku Madrid ukupitilira kukula, makasitomala amayembekezera komanso kupereka mphotho mwaukadaulo uwu.