I-7 iPaneli eChacal yeSolar eCouras ecoca iimpazamo ezitshabalalisa iinkqubo kunye neewaranti ze-void

Impazamo enkulu # 1: Ukucoca iipaneli ezixineneyo ngamanzi abandayo

Intlekele ye-thermal yothusa

Esona mpazamo intshabalalo: Ukucoca iipaneli ezingaphezulu kwe-104°F kunye namanzi abandayo adala i-stoutal Ukothuka kwe-thermal enokuqhekeza kwangoko kwiglasi yeglasi.

Ityala elibhalisiweyo-8.5 kw Ukufakwa kwe-8.5 kW, iPhoenix (Julayi 2023):

• I-Panel engasekho iqondo lobushushu: 154°F (ubushushu
• Ukucoca ubushushu bamanzi: 59°F
• Isiphumo:Iipaneli ezili-11 zaqhekeka ngaphakathi kwemizuzu engama-20
• Ixabiso lomonakalo:I- $ 9,200 (i-waranti yathunyelwa)
• Ukuphulukana-3,400 kWh / unyaka

Intshabalalo icacisiwe

Iglasi evuthayo kwiiphaneli zelanga inomda wokunyamezelana ngoxinzelelo:

• Ukwanda okuqhelekileyo:I-intshi ezi-04 ze-6.5 zepaneli yeenyawo nge-150°F
• Ukuchasana ngesiquphe:-0.08 i-intshi ngexesha lokuphola ngokukhawuleza
• Umda wokuxhathisa:72°F
• Indawo yokuqhekeza:Ukothuka >80°F = i-microcract eqinisekisiweyo

I-Gyser Ireserd yeRhafu yeWindows:

• Ekuseni kakhulu:I-6-9 ye (iqondo lobushushu <85°F)
• Ngokuhlwa:I-6-9 pm (ixesha lokupholisa kwendalo)
• Soze icocekile:I-10 AM-5 PM ngeentsuku ezishushu

UKUHLAZIYWA KOKWENZA

Ukufunyanwa kwe-hiccrack yokuqala:

• Ukuhlolwa kokubonakalayo nge-angle-engle yelanga
• Uvavanyo lombane: i-voltage yehla >Iipesenti ezi-5 kwiphaneli nganye
• Ukucinga nge-thermal kubonisa amabala ashushu

Ukuba uqhekezelwe:

1. Kwangoko ukwahlula ipaneli echaphazelekayo
2. Uxwebhu oluneefoto ezineenkcukacha
3. I-Inshurensi yoQhakamshelwano kwiiyure ezingama-48
4. Ungaze uqhubeke nokusebenza(Umngcipheko wengozi yomlilo)

I-Master Goodrang Communing Good Inyathelo le-Precity-Start isikhokelo kubandakanya iiprothokholi zobushushu.

Impazamo ebaluleke kakhulu # 2: Sebenzisa iikhemikhali ze-harsh kunye neecocieli zasekhaya

Ukonakaliswa kwekhemikhali

Iimveliso eziyityhefu zihlala zisetyenziswa kwimpazamo:

• I-bleach edibeneyo:Ukuhlasela izakhelo ze-aluminium (i-corrosion kwiinyanga ezi-6)
• I-Limesuval Acids:Inyibilikisa i-polymer yemozulu yemozulu
• Izinyibilikiselo zemveliso:Ukutshabalalisa i-antics ye-anti-ilahleko (-15% yelahleko)
• Indlu yabrashas:I-microscopic isketchchecchect loo mgibe udaka ngokusisigxina

I-Cheert Cate fung-Intlekele yamachiza

7.5 Ukufakwa kwe-kw, iCalifornia Centy Valley (Agasti 2023):

• Imveliso esetyenzisiweyo: Isicoci seToilet Bowl (23% hydrochloric acid)
• Ixesha lokubonisa: imizuzu engama-50
• Umonakalo obhaliweyo:
  • Gcwalisa i-Alumuminum ye-Alumuminum Sormosion
  • Imozulu yemozulu yokuphelisa
  • Ukungeniswa kwamanzi kwiiphaneli eziyi-9
  • I-Anti-Recave Coating itshatyalalisiwe kwi-100% yomphezulu womphezulu

Ixabiso lokutshintshwa: I- $ 14,800 (i-inshurensi iyaliwe - ukungakhathali okuqinisekileyo)

Impendulo etshabalalisayo yekhemikhali

Uhlaselo lwe-acid kwi-Aluminium fremes:

2l + 6hcl → 2Alcl₃ + 3h₂ (i-corrosion engalunganga)

I-Polymer Seal Teal

• I-EVA (Ethyl vinyl acetate): I-Hydrolysis evela kwiziseko ezomeleleyo
• I-TPU (Polyurethane): Ukudumba kunye nokuchithwa kwezinyibilikisi
• I-Silicones: I-Depolymerization evela kwi-acids egxininisiweyo

Iimveliso ezivunyiweyo zokucoca kuphela

Isicoci sokungathathi cala (6.5-7.5) siqinisekisiwe kwiSolar:

• I-Ultra-thotha ye-Ultra-thosh seap (1 i-1 ithisipuni ngeelitha ezi-2.5)
• I-cheaners ekhethekileyo yelanga
• Ungaze amonia, ibleach, okanye i-asidi

Uvavanyo olunyanzelekileyo olunyanzelekileyo:

• Faka isicelo kwikona efihliweyo kuqala
• Linda iiyure ezingama-24 ngaphambi kokuba isicelo sipheleleyo
• Qinisekisa ukuba akukho ntetho okanye imiqondiso ye-colosion

Impazamo enkulu # 3: Uxinzelelo lwamanzi amaninzi kunye nokutshiza ngokuthe ngqo

Intshabalalo engabonakaliyo

Umda ocacileyo woxinzelelo: >40 I-PSI ngokuthe ngcembe itshabalalisa amatywina emozulu, ivumela Ukubulawa kwabantu ngokuncamathisa kwiindawo zombane.

Umonakalo Uphononongo-Ingcinezelo ye-Sher

Ukufakwa kwe-12 kw, eTexas (Matshi 2023):

• Ingcinezelo esetyenzisiweyo: 1,740 psi (uxinzelelo lwabathengi
• I-SPRARY I-Angle: Impembelelo ethe ngqo
• Ixesha lexesha eliqhubayo:
  • IVeki yoku-1: Isiqalo sokuzinza (ukungabonakali)
  • Inyanga 2: Unxibelelaniso lwangaphakathi
  • Inyanga yesi-4: Imijikelezo emifutshane kunye nokusilela kwenkqubo
  • Ixabiso elipheleleyo lexabiso:$ 22,100

Iindlela zomonakalo eziphezulu

Amandla aphethwe luxinzelelo lokuhlamba:

• I-50 yexinzelelo:Iipawundi ezingama-7,200 zonyawo ngenqanawa nganye
• Ukungaxhathisi itywina:I-3,600 ye-psi ephezulu
• Isiphumo:Isiphoso esisigxina + ukuvuza okusisigxina + ukuvuza

Iziphumo zeflethi

• I-Electrochemical Sorposion yonxibelelwano
• Imijikelezo emifutshane kwiibhokisi zejunction
• I-EVA ECOCAPUN UKUQHUTYELWA
• Ilahleko yombane yombane (ingozi ebulalayo)

IProtokholi yoKhuseleko

Iiparamitha ezinyanzelekileyo:

• Ubuninzi boxinzelelo:I-30 ye-psi (iphethini yomxhapha)
• Ubuncinci bomgama:I-20 intshi ukusuka kumphezulu
• I-Engle efanelekileyo:45° Ukuthintela ukwenziwa kwetywina
• Ukuhamba okulawulwayo:Iilitha ezi-5 ngomzuzu

Izixhobo ezicetyiswayo:

• Isitshizi soxinzelelo oluphantsi ngoMlawuli woThando
• Iphetshana lephephe le
• I-Gauge yeGage yokuBeka iliso

Impazamo ebaluleke kakhulu # 4: Izixhobo ze-Abrasives

I-microscopic scratch yentlekele

Izinto ezingavumelekanga ezibangela umonakalo osisigxina:

• Uboya bensimbi:Ukukrola i-0.004-0.02 i-intshi
• I-scrapers yensimbi:Intshabalalo yendawo yeglasi yokuchasana
• Ibrashi eqinileyo:Ukuqhubela phambili kwe-abrasion yokukhusela okukhuselekileyo
• Iziposti eziNqaku:Ukuqhekeka imicro-scratches ngokusisigxina

Uhlalutyo lweMicroscopic

Impembelelo yokukrola ngokusebenza kakuhle (i-labhoratri yokufunda):

• Ukukrokra <I-0.004 intshi:-2.8% ukusebenza ngephaneli kwipaneli echaphazelekayo
• Ukukrala i-0.004-0.02 intshi:-9.3% ukusebenza ngempumelelo
• Ukukrokra >I-0.02 intshi:-16.7% ukusebenza ngempumelelo + ye-rack rack

Ityala eligxekayo-intaka ilahla ukususwa: Ukufakwa kwe-18, iFlorida (Meyi 2023):

• Isixhobo esisetyenzisiweyo: Ipeyinti yensimbi yensimbi
• Indawo ephathwe: i-45% yomphezulu opheleleyo
• Uvavanyo lomonakalo:
  • I-1,247 ibhalile
  • Ilahleko yenkqubo yokusebenza kwenkqubo: -14.1% uphela
  • Ukonakala okukhulu
• Impembelelo yexabiso lePropathi:- $ 11,400 (Ingxelo yeNgxelo ye-Appraisal)

Iindlela zokugcina izinto ezikhuselekileyo

Ngeentsalela zentsalela ye-STABCOIC (i-roppings, i-SAP yomthi):

1. I-SOVEAmanzi afudumeleyo 25+ imizuzu
2. Ukuthambisa iikhemikhali:I-10% i-wiligar emhlophe yediliya
3. Ukukhutshelwa ngokuthambileyo:Iplastiki ethambileyo yeplastiki kuphela
4. I-rinse kwangokoThintela ukonakala kwentsalela ye-acid

Izixhobo ezivunyiweyo ngokufanelekileyo:

• I-fiber ye-fiber ethambileyo
• I-squber yerabha
• Amalaphu e-microfiber
• I-scrapers engekhoyo yeplastiki

Impazamo enkulu # 5: Unqwala wombane

Ingozi efihliweyo efihliweyo

I-Elctrocation-Fatical Electrocation-meko iphambili: Umnini khaya, eColorado (Septemba 2023):

• Ukucoca phantsi kwamandla (inkqubo engakhange ikhutshiwe)
• Ukungeniswa kwamanzi kwibhokisi yejunction
• I-voltage elinganayo kwisikhephe sensimbi:I-428V DC
• Ukoyikiswa kombane:I-6-projection yeenyawo ezi-6, isidanga senqanaba lesibini
• Isibhedlele:Iintsuku ezili-12, ukwenzeka okungapheliyo

Iingozi zombane zelanga

I-Voltis enobungozi

• Iipaneli nganye:I-35-50V dc (iyingozi xa imanzi)
• Imitya yepaneli:I-350-1,000 ye-DC (enokubakho)
• Imijelo engalunganga:Ndinyuswe ngokusebenza kwamanzi

Ukusilela okubalulekileyo

• Ukungeniswa kwamanzi + i-DC Voltage = I-Enctrolysis etshabalalisayo
• Ukukhawulezisa i-corrosion
• Isekethe elingalindelekanga
• Iingozi zomlilo zombane

IProtokholi yoKhuseleko enyanzelekileyo

INKQUBO YOKUGQIBELA

1. I-ACT ye-AC ye-Ac Ac:Sika amandla e-everter-esecaleni
2. I-DC Disconnect Specing:Qhoboshela imitya yepaneli
3. Ixesha lokhuseleko:Imizuzu eli-10 ubuncinci (I-Capaci))
4. Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-voltage:I-1000V DC yovavanyo lwe-Multimeter
5. Izixhobo zokhuselo zobuqu:I-1000V i-irivess ze-iries + yokhuseleko lweenyawo

Ukucoca emva kokhuseleko:

• Uvavanyo lokungaxhathisi>I-1 mΩ)
• I-Junction Bortication Providence
• Vula imilinganiselo ye-voltage yesekethe
• Inkqubo yokuphinda iphumelelengemitya nganye

Impazamo enkulu # 6: Imozulu eyingozi yokucoca

Ukukhohlisa kwethuba lemozulu

Iimeko eziyingozi ezinobungozi rhoqo:

Imimoya ephezulu (>I-15 mph)

Ingozi yengozi ekufuphi-isigameko: Ukucoca ubungcali, nevada (i-2023):

• Isantya somoya: I-28 mph igcinile (i-gusts ukuya kwi-42 mph)
• Ukuphakama: Iinyawo ezingama-26 (i-step yophahla)
• Isiganeko:I-Telescoping Pole yayingalawuleki "Hail"
• Iziphumo:I-Balance Ilahleko + I-10-Food Doude Phantsi
• Ukwenzakala:I-Wrist eqhekezayo, impindezelo ezininzi, iMbali

I-prooty yomoya

• Iinyawo ezingama-20 zeenyawo + izibongo = 26 iipawundi
• I-28 MPH yomoya = I-68 yeepawundi
• Ukuqinisekiswa okuqinisekisiweyoKwindawo ethe tyaba

I-freatzy kunye ne-rost ye-rost

Umgibe ongabonakaliyo we-thermal:

• Iipaneli ezinamafutha (-1°F Iqondo lokushisa elingaphezulu)
• Ukucoca amanzi (+59°F)
• I-thermal yothuka:60°F f ngokukhawuleza umahluko
• Isiphumo:I-microcrack + isakhelo se-aluminium

Ukusondela kwindudumo

Umngcipheko wokubetha umbane ongathanga ngqo:

• Iiphaneli zelanga = abaqhubi bombane abandileyo
• Intsalela yentsalela = ukuqhubela phambili
• Ingozi yeLethalNokuba nesaqhwithi se-6 + imayile kude

I-Windows ekhuselekileyo yeWindows

Iimeko ezinyanzelekileyo zokucoca:

• Umoya:<I-12 mpph igcinwe, <I-20 mph Justs
• Iqondo lokushisa:45°F ukuya kwi-95°F
• Themidity:<Iipesenti ezingama-80 (zithintela ukufundisa)
• Iindudumo:Akukho phaya kwi-10-vile radius
• Ukubonakala:>I-1 000 yeenyawo (akukho meko yenkungu)

Impazamo enkulu # 7: ukungahoyi imiqondiso yesilumkiso

I-cascade yomonakalo

Imiqondiso yesilumkiso esibulaliweyo:

"I-microgrick" ingabalulekanga "

Ukuqhubela phambili kwesiqhelo okubhaliweyo:

• Inyanga 1:I-rack ye-Willine i-0.8 i-intshi (engahoywanga)
• Inyanga yesi-6:Ulwandiso kwi-3.2 i-intshi + ukuqala ukungcungcutheka
• Inyanga ye-12:Ukusasazeka ngokupheleleyo + sesekethe emfutshane
• Inyanga 18:Ukutshintshwa okunyanzelekileyo + ukonakaliswa
• Ixabiso lokugqibela:I- $ 3,200 (ilungiswa nge- $ 240 yokuqala)

Inkqubela phambili eqhubekayo

Uhlalutyo lwengcali-Imeko ye-brown Ukufakwa kwe-10 kw, North Carolina (2024 fumanela isifo):

• Iimpawu zokuqala ezingahoywa kwiinyanga ezili-16
• Inkqubela-phambili yokulinganisa:
  • Inyanga yesi-3: Ukukhanya kokukhanya kwekona
  • Inyanga 9: Ulwandiso kwi-30% yomphezulu weseli
  • Inyanga 16: Ukupheliswa ngokubanzi
• Ukuphulukana nelahleko:-26% ukufakwa kwakho
• Ukutshintshwa kwakhona:$ 13,800

"Umphezulu" I-Prerasion

Indlela yokukhawulezisa ukukhawuleza:

1. I-oxidation yokuqala:Ifilimu yokukhusela ifilimu
2. Ukungena kwi-moistation paneration:Inkqubela phambili yangaphakathi
3. Ubuthathaka bendlela:Ukulahlekiswa phantsi koxinzelelo
4. Ukusilela kwetywina:Ukungeniswa kwamanzi amaninzi
5. Intshabalalo-bubanzi:Gqibezela ukutshintshwa okufunekayo

Inkqubo yokuthintela ukubeka iliso

Uvavanyo olunyanzelekileyo (ubuncinci bexesha):

• Ngenyanga:UVAVANYO LWEXESHA LOKUFUNDA
• Ngekota:Uvavanyo oluphezulu-phezulu
• Semi-qho ngonyaka:Gqibezela uvavanyo lombane
• Ngonyaka:Isifo sokuxilonga esigqibeleleyo

Imbaleki yongenelelo engxamisekileyo:

• Ukuqhekeka okubonakalayo >I-0.4 intshi
• Ukuhluma kweseli >Ii-intshi ezi-2 ze-intshi
• Isakhelo se-Prerasion nge-bubbling yomphezulu
• Ukuveliswa kwemveliso >I-8% kwiphaneli nganye

Qinisekisa ukubekwa kweliso kwakho nethu PVGIS24 isixhobo sokubala kubandakanya Izalathiso ezingama-20 zokuqala.

Iziphumo zeMali zeempazamo ezibalulekileyo

Umvelisi wewaranti

Inkqubo yokuLungelelwanga

• Ukungakhathali kwesondlo:I-voids yemveliso ye-voids (iminyaka engama-20-25)
• Umonakalo ozinzileyo:Intsebenzo Qinisekisa ukubandakanywa
• Umgaqo-nkqubo wophulo:Inkxaso yeNkonzo i-ukwala
• Ixabiso lewaranti elahlekileyo:$ 10,000 ukuya kwi-30,000 yeedola

Iimpembelelo zeinshurensi yomthengi

I-Exrinedions eqhelekileyo ibhaliwe:

• "Ukulondolozwa kokulondolozwa kwesondlo"
• "Ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso engahambelaniyo"
• "Ukusilela ukulandela imigaqo esisiseko sezokhuseleko"
• Amabango akhanyele:Iipesenti ezingama-68 zamatyala kwi-2023 uphononongo lwengcali

Ixabiso lexabiso lepropathi

Impembelelo ye-Real Estate (idatha yovavanyo):

• Ufakelo olungaphumelelanga: - $ 18,000 yexabiso lepropathi
• Iziphene ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo: - $ 12,000 inkohliso
• Umngcipheko wokhuseleko: - $ 35,000 (Ipropathi engenamanqaku)

Iiprotocol zokuBuya kwePosi

Uvavanyo lonakalisa

Amanyathelo ovavanyo loqeqesho:

1. I-thermal icinga:UKUFUMANEKA
2. Uvavanyo lombane:Ukuhlukaniswa kweNdawo + yokuQhubeka
3. Uvavanyo lwesakhiwo:Ingqibelelo + yovavanyo lwemozulu
4. Uhlalutyo lwezoqoqosho:Ukulungiswa kwe-vs yokutshintsha

Izisombululo zokuBuyisa

Umonakalo ohlaziyiweyo (ungenelelo ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-48):

• I-microcracts yendawo: Inaliti ekhethekileyo ye-resin
• I-Porrosion yomphezulu: Unyango lwe-anti-colosion
• Itywina eliphumelele
• Ixabiso eliphakathi:$ 280- $ 950 kwiphaneli nganye

Umonakalo ongenakutshintshiselana (osisinyanzelo):

• Ngokusebenzisa iglasi
• Intshabalalo yokuNikeza
• Isakhelo seQela eliPhambili
• Iphakethe ezifutshane zangaphakathi
• Ixabiso eliphakathi:I- $ 480- $ 780 ngepaneli entsha

Cwangcisa ulondolozo loThintelo kunye neyethu Imozulu-esekwe Ishedyuli Ukuphepha ezi mpazamo zinzima.

UKUHLAZIYWA NOKUGQIBELA

Uqeqesho olukhuselekileyo loKhuseleko

Ubuncinci bezobuchule:

• Ukhuseleko lombane
• Ukuwa ukhuseleko kunye nokuphakama komsebenzi
• Iiprothokholi zokuphatha iikhemikhali
• Uncedo lokuqala / Uqeqesho lwe-CPR

Ubuncinci bezixhobo zobungcali

Utyalomali loKhuseleko (ukufunyanwa kwakhona kwexabiso):

• Gqibezela i-PPE: $ 425
• Izixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo: $ 340
• Iichemicals ezivunyiweyo: $ 145
• Uqeqesho lokuqala: $ 550
• Iyonke kutyalo-mali loKhuseleko:$ 1,460

UKHUSELEKO ROI LOMGAQO-NKQUBO:

• Ukuthintela impazamo enye = $ 5,000- $ 30,000 egcinwe
• Imbuyekezo yoTyalo mali: + I-2,000% igqityiwe

Iinkqubo zokuBekwa kweliso

Ukubeka iliso kwindlela yethu:

• Isimo sezemali semali:Impazamo Uhlalutyo lwempembelelo yeendleko
• PVGIS 5.3:Engaqhelekanga Ukufunyanwa kwehutshitshisiweyo
• Amaxwebhu obuchwephesha:Ineenkcukacha Iiprotokholi zokhuseleko
• I-SOLT FAQ:Eqhelekileyo Izisombululo zeNgxaki

ISIQINISEKISO: Uthintelo lugcina amawaka eedola

Iimpazamo ezi-7 eziCoca zelanga eziCola zelanga zibangela minyaka le e-United States:

• I-1,247 ifakelo(Idatha yeinshurensi 2023)
• I- $ 47.2 yezigidingomonakalo ngqo
• Iingozi ezingama-203Ukufuna ukulala esibhedlele
• I-3,156 iwarantiNgenxa yokungakhathali

Utyalomali loThintelo ($ 1,460) ikhusela:

• Inkqubo yakho yelanga ($ 10,000- $ 30,000)
• Iwaranti yoMvelisi ($ 10,000- $ 30,000)
• Ukhuseleko lomntu (elinexabiso)
• Ixabiso lePropathi ($ 18,000- $ 35,000)

Uqeqesho loqeqesho lobuchule kunye nezixhobo zokhuseleko imele eyona inshurensi yenzuzo yeyakho utyalomali lwelanga.

I-faq egxekayo: Kuphephe iimpazamo ezibulalayo

Ngaba ndingazicoca ngokukhuselekileyo iipaneli zam?

Ewe, kodwa kuphela ngokunamathela ngokuqinileyo kuzo zonke iiprotokholi ezi-7 zoKhuseleko. Uqeqesho lwangaphambili, olugqibeleleyo lwe-PPE, igqibelele Iimeko zemozulu ziyafuneka. Nawaphi na amathandabuzo = ingcali eqinisekisiweyo kuphela.

Ndizichonga njani iimveliso zokucoca eziyingozi?

Khusela nantoni na equlathwe: Acids (i-HCL, H2SO4), iziseko ezomeleleyo (i-LYE, iAmmora), imimoya yezimbiwa, I-Abransivers. Kuphela kuphela i-6.5-7.5 iimveliso eziqinisekisiweyo zelanga okanye i-ultra-thosh seap seap.

Kuthekani ukuba sele ndenze enye yezi mpazamo?

Ukuvalwa kwenkqubo kwangoko, ukunqunyulwa kombane, ukonakalisa ifoto, i-inshurensi yoqhakamshelwano kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-48, Uxilongo olungxamisekileyo. Akukho mizamo yokulungisa i-Imateur inzame = Umonakalo oqinisekisiweyo.

Ngaba ii-microcracks ziyingozi?

Kakhulu. Ukusasazeka okungafikeleliyo + amanzi amdaka + kwimijikelezo emifutshane + yomngcipheko womlilo. Akukho microcrack yile "Ingabalulekanga kangako." Ungenelelo lobungcali olufunekayo ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-48 ubuninzi.

Ngaba i-inshurensi yam yeinshurensi iya kucoca iimpazamo?

Kunqabile. Iipesenti ezingama-68 zamabango akhanyele "ukungathobeli." Isisombululo kuphela: ukuthintelwa okuphezulu okanye ubungcali I-Inshurensi yoNyangelelo yeNkonzo eqinisekisiweyo.

Ndingazijonga njani iipanel zam emva kokwenza impazamo?

UVAVANYO LOKUGQIBELA LOKUGQIBELA>1mΩ), imvatha ye-IRR (I-IR), uhlolo olubonakalayo nge Ukukhanya okuncinci kwe-angle, umlinganiso wemveliso yokuthelekisa. Nawaphi na amathandabuzo = isifo sengqondo esibonakalayo kwangoko.