Amandla aNgenisiweyo kunye neeMeko zoVavanyo oluMgangatho (STC)
Ukusebenza kwemodyuli ye-photovoltaic ngokuqhelekileyo kulinganiswa phantsi kweeMeko zoVavanyo oluMgangatho (STC), oluchazwe ngumgangatho we-IEC 60904-1:
- I-Irradiance ye-1000 W/m² (ukukhanya kwelanga okugqibeleleyo)
- Ubushushu bemodyuli kuma-25°C
- Ukukhanya kokukhanya okusemgangathweni (IEC 60904-3)
Iimodyuli ze-Bifacial, ezibamba ukukhanya kumacala omabini, zinokuphucula imveliso ngokubonisa umhlaba (albedo). PVGIS ayikabiyimodeli ezi modyuli, kodwa enye indlela kukusebenzisa i-BNPI (Bifacial Nameplate Irradiance), echazwa njenge: P_BNPI = P_STC * (1 + φ * 0.135), apho i-φ yi-bifaciality factor.
Unyino lweemodyuli ezinobuso obubini: Ayifanelekanga kwizakhiwo ezidityanisiweyo zofakelo apho umva wemodyuli uthintelwe. Ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo ngokuxhomekeke kuqhelaniso (umzekelo, i-axis yoMntla-Mazantsi ejongene neMpuma-Ntshona).
Uqikelelo lwawona Mandla e-PV Modyuli
Iimeko zokusebenza zangempela zeepaneli zePV zihluke kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo (STC), ezichaphazela amandla okuvelisa. PVGIS.COM isebenzisa izilungiso ezininzi ukubandakanya ezi ziguquguqukayo.
1. Ukubonakaliswa kunye ne-Angle yeSiganeko sokuKhanya
Xa ukukhanya kubetha imodyuli ye-PV, inxalenye ibonakaliswe ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kombane. Okukhona i-engile yeziganeko ibukhali, kokukhona ilahleko inkulu.
- Impembelelo kwimveliso: Ngokomyinge, esi siphumo sibangela ukulahleka kwe-2 ukuya kwi-4%, kuncitshiswe kwiinkqubo zokulandelela ilanga.
2. Impembelelo yeSolar Spectrum kwi-PV Efficiency
Iiphaneli zelanga zinovakalelo kubude obuthile bokukhanya kokukhanya, okwahluka ngokobuchwephesha bePV:
- ICrystalline Silicon (c-Si): Inovakalelo kwi-infrared kunye nokukhanya okubonakalayo
- I-CdTe, i-CIGS, i-a-Si: Uvakalelo oluhlukeneyo, kunye nempendulo encitshisiweyo kwi-infrared
Izinto ezinefuthe kwi-spectrum: Ukukhanya kwasekuseni nangokuhlwa kubomvu ngakumbi.
Iintsuku ezinamafu zinyusa umlinganiselo wokukhanya okuluhlaza. Impembelelo ye-spectral ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amandla e-PV. PVGIS.COM isebenzisa idatha yesathelayithi ukulungisa oku kwahluka kwaye idibanise ezi zilungiso kwizibalo zayo.
Ukuxhomekeka kwePV Power kwi-Irradiance kunye noBushushu
Ubushushu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle
Ukusebenza kweephaneli zePV kuncipha ngobushushu bemodyuli, kuxhomekeke kwitekhnoloji:
Ngokukhanya okuphezulu (>1000 W/m²), ubushushu bemodyuli buyanda: Ukulahleka kokusebenza kakuhle
Nge-irradiance ephantsi (<400 W/m²), ukusebenza kakuhle kuyahluka ngokohlobo lweseli yePV
Ukwenza imodeli kwi PVGIS.COM
PVGIS.COM ilungisa amandla e-PV ngokusekelwe kwi-irradiance (G) kunye nobushushu bemodyuli (Tm) kusetyenziswa imodeli yemathematika (Huld et al., 2011):
P = (G/1000) * A * eff(G, Tm)
Ii-coefficients ezithe ngqo kubuchwepheshe bePV nganye (c-Si, CdTe, CIGS) zithathwe kwimilinganiselo yovavanyo kwaye isetyenziswa PVGIS.COM Ukulinganisa.
Ukwenza iModeli yoBubushushu beeModyuli zePV
- Izinto eziphembelela ubushushu bemodyuli (Tm)
- Ubushushu bomoya okwindawo yokuhlala (Ta)
- Imitha yelanga (G)
- Ukungenisa umoya (W) – Umoya onamandla upholisa imodyuli
-
Imodeli yobushushu kwi PVGIS (Faiman, 2008):
Tm = Ta + G / (U0 + U1W)
Ii-coefficients U0 kunye ne-U1 ziyahluka ngokohlobo lofakelo:
| Iteknoloji yePV | Ukuhlohla | U0 (W/°C-m²) | U1 (Ws/°C-m³) |
|---|---|---|---|
| c-Si | Ezimele | 26.9 | 26.9 |
| c-Si | BIPV/BAPV | 20.0 | 20.0 |
| CIGS | Ezimele | 22.64 | 22.64 |
| CIGS | BIPV/BAPV | 20.0 | 20.0 |
| CdTe | Ezimele | 23.37 | 23.37 |
| CdTe | BIPV/BAPV | 20.0 | 20.0 |
Ukulahleka kweNkqubo kunye nokuguga kweeModyuli zePV
Zonke izibalo zangaphambili zibonelela ngamandla kwinqanaba lemodyuli, kodwa enye ilahleko kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo:
- Ilahleko yoguqulo (inverter)
- Iilahleko zeengcingo
- Umahluko kumandla phakathi kweemodyuli
- Ukuguga kweepaneli zePV
Ngokutsho kophando olwenziwa nguJordan & Kurtz (2013), iipaneli ze-PV zilahlekelwa ngumyinge we-0.5% yamandla ngonyaka. Emva kweminyaka engama-20, amandla abo ancitshiswa ukuya kwi-90% yexabiso labo lokuqala.
- PVGIS.COM incoma ukungena kwilahleko yokuqala yenkqubo ye-3% kunyaka wokuqala ukujongana nokuthotywa kwenkqubo, emva koko i-0.5% ngonyaka.
Ezinye izinto ezingaqwalaselwanga PVGIS
Ezinye iziphumo zinempembelelo kwimveliso yePV kodwa azifakwanga PVGIS:
- Ikhephu kwiiphaneli: Inciphisa kakhulu imveliso. Kuxhomekeke kumaxesha amaninzi kunye nexesha lokuwa kwekhephu.
- Ukuqokelelana kothuli nokungcola: Iyancipha amandla e-PV, kuxhomekeke ekucoceni kunye nemvula.
- Ukufihlwa ngokungaphelelanga: Inempembelelo enamandla ukuba imodyuli ikhutshiwe. Esi siphumo kufuneka silawulwe ngexesha lofakelo lwePV.
Ukuqukumbela
Ndiyabulela kwinkqubela phambili kwimodeli ye-photovoltaic kunye nedatha yesathelayithi, PVGIS.COM ivumela ukuqikelelwa okuchanekileyo kwamandla okuphuma kweemodyuli ze-PV ngokuqwalasela imiphumo yokusingqongileyo kunye nezobuchwepheshe.
Kutheni Usebenzisa PVGIS.COM?
Imodeli ephezulu ye-irradiance kunye nobushushu bemodyuli
Izilungiso ezisekelwe kwiklimati kunye nedatha ye-spectral
Uqikelelo oluthembekileyo lwelahleko yenkqubo kunye nokuguga kwephaneli
Ukuphuculwa kwemveliso yelanga kwindawo nganye