Amandla eSola e-Andalusia: Kutheni i-Southern Spain iKhokela kuMandla eSolar

Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zeSolar zaseAndalusia

Ukuqonda ubukhulu benzuzo yelanga ye-Andalusia kubalulekile ekumiseni iiprojekthi kunye nokuseta ulindelo oluchanekileyo lwabathengi kule marike yelanga yepremiyamu.

Awona manqanaba aphezulu oMbane kwiLizwekazi laseYurophu

I-Andalusia ifumana iradiation ethe tyaba yehlabathi ukusuka kwi-1,750 ukuya kwi-1,950 kWh/m² ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ethile, ezinye iindawo ezingaphezulu kwe-2,000 kWh/m². Oku kubonisa malunga ne-20-25% yamandla elanga ngaphezulu kweSpain esemantla kunye ne-15-20% ngaphezu kwemimandla ephakathi njenge eMadrid.

Nokuba kuthelekiswa nezinye iindawo zeMeditera ezifana Barcelona kwaye eValencia, I-Andalusia inandipha inzuzo ye-10-15% ye-irradiation.

Lo mthombo ukhethekileyo welanga uguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kwimveliso ephezulu yamandla kunye noqoqosho olungcono lweprojekthi. Inkqubo yokuhlala ye-5 kW e-Seville ivelisa malunga ne-8,500-9,000 kWh ngonyaka, xa kuthelekiswa ne-7,000-7,500 kWh yenkqubo efanayo kumbindi weSpain.

Oku kunyuka kwemveliso ye-20% kuphucula kakhulu imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali kwaye kufinyeza amaxesha okubuyisela, ukudala iziphakamiso zexabiso elinyanzelisayo kubathengi.

Iiyantlukwano zeNgingqi kulo lonke elaseAndalusia

Ngelixa yonke iAndalusia yonwabela izixhobo ezibalaseleyo zelanga, kukho umahluko okhethekileyo kuwo wonke lo mmandla. I-Almeria kunye nemimandla yonxweme olusempuma zifumana owona mitha imitha iphezulu, ehlala igqitha kwi-1,900 kWh/m² ngonyaka ngenxa yemozulu eyomileyo kunye nokugquma kwamafu okuncinci.

I-Seville kunye nentlambo yase-Guadalquivir amava asezantsi kancinane kodwa akumgangatho okhethekileyo malunga ne-1,850 kWh/m². Izixeko ezingaselunxwemeni zaseMalaga kunye neCadiz zifumana malunga ne-1,800 kWh/m², zixhamla kwimodareyitha yobushushu bonxweme ephakamisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweephaneli.

IGranada kunye neendawo ezineentaba zibonisa ukwahluka okuthe chatha ngokuxhomekeke kumphakamo kunye nobume bendawo yendawo, kunye neendawo ezisentlanjeni ezifumana ukukhanya okugqwesileyo ngelixa ukuphakama okuphezulu kunokubona amanqanaba ancitshiswe kancinci.

Abafakeli abaziingcali kufuneka basebenzise idatha yendawo ethile kunomlinganiselo wengingqi ukuqinisekisa uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lokusebenza kwiprojekthi nganye.

Unyaka-jikelele weMveliso engaguqukiyo

Ngaphandle kokukhanya okuphezulu konyaka, i-Andalusia ibonelela ngokungaguquguqukiyo unyaka wonke. Ngelixa ukwahluka kwamaxesha onyaka kusekho, umlinganiselo phakathi kwemveliso yasehlotyeni nasebusika ungaphantsi kakhulu kunemimandla esemantla. Imveliso kaDisemba ifikelela kwi-50-60% yemveliso kaJulayi, xa kuthelekiswa ne-35-45% kwiindawo ezifana Ilizwe laseBasque.

Le mveliso ingaguquguqukiyo ibonelela ngokuzinza kwenyanga kunye nokuhamba kwemali okuqikelelwayo, abaxumi baxabisa kakhulu. Ukufakwa kwezorhwebo, ukuveliswa kwebusika okuthembekileyo kunciphisa ukuhluka kweengeniso zonyaka kunye nokuphucula ukuqikelelwa kwemali.

Imodeli yobuchwephesha ebonisa oku kungaguquguquki kunceda ukwahlula iiprojekthi zaseAndalusi kwezo zikwiindawo ezingathandekiyo.

IiMarike ezinkulu zeSolar zaseAndalusi

Izixeko ezahlukeneyo zaseAndalusia kunye nemimandla nganye ibonelela ngeempawu zentengiso ezahlukileyo kunye namathuba abafakeli belanga.

I-Seville: IsiXhobo esinamandla seSolar kunye neMfuno ekhulayo

I-Seville ihlala ibala phakathi kwezona zixeko zaseYurophu zinelanga, kunye nemitha yonyaka esondela kwi-1,850 kWh/m² kunye namaqondo obushushu asehlotyeni ahlala edlula kuma-40°C. Umthombo omandla welanga udala amandla akhethekileyo okuvelisa amandla, nangona ubushushu obugqithisileyo bufuna ukuhoywa kwilahleko ehambelana nobushushu obunxulumene nobushushu kwiinyanga eziphakamileyo zasehlotyeni.

Njengekomkhulu laseAndalusia kunye nesona sixeko sikhulu, iSeville ibonelela ngamathuba entengiso amaninzi kuwo onke amacandelo okuhlala, ezorhwebo, kunye namashishini.

Ihlobo elishushu lesi sixeko liqhuba imithwalo ephezulu yomoya ehambelana kakuhle nencopho yemveliso yelanga, idala iimatshisi ezibalaseleyo zokuzisebenzisa kubathengi abaninzi. Abafakeli abaziingcali eSeville baxhamla kulwazi oluluqilima lwentengiso yezibonelelo zelanga kunye neenkqubo zemvume ezilungelelanisiweyo.

IMalaga: iCandelo lezinto eziluncedo eluNxwemeni kunye nezoKhenketho

IMalaga kunye neCosta del Sol zidibanisa ukukhanya kwelanga okugqwesileyo (malunga ne-1,800 kWh/m²) kunye namaqondo obushushu aselunxwemeni aphakathi aphucula ukusebenza kwephotovoltaic. Iimpembelelo zaselwandle zigcina amaqondo obushushu kuphahla lwasehlotyeni i-10-15°C epholile kune-Seville yangaphakathi, inciphisa ilahleko yobuchule bobushushu kunye nokuphucula isivuno samandla sonyaka ngekW nganye efakelweyo.

Uqoqosho lwaseMalaga oluxhomekeke kukhenketho ludala amathuba awodwa elanga. Iihotele, iindawo ekuchithelwa kuzo iiholide, kunye neepropati zeeholide zisebenzisa umbane obalulekileyo ngeenyanga zasehlotyeni xa imveliso yelanga ifikelela incopho, nto leyo evumela ukuba kusetyenziswe amaxabiso aphezulu.

Ukongeza, amanyathelo ozinzo anefuthe elikhulayo kwizigqibo zecandelo lokhenketho, ukwenza ukufakelwa kwesola kube nomtsalane ngenxa yezizathu zoqoqosho kunye nezentengiso.

IGranada: Imozulu yaseNtabeni kunye nezicelo ezahlukeneyo

IGranada ibonelela ngamathuba awohlukeneyo elanga ukusuka kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo zentlambo ukuya kwiindawo ezipholileyo zeentaba. Iindawo ezisentlanjeni zifumana ukukhanya okuthelekiswa nezinye izixeko ezikhulu zaseAndalusia (1,750-1,850 kWh/m²), ngelixa iindawo eziphakamileyo eziphakamileyo zibonisa amanqanaba ancitshisiweyo kodwa asemagqabini. Amaqondo obushushu apholileyo kumphakamo anokuba luncedo ekusebenzeni kwephaneli kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni.

Umxube weGranada wamacandelo asezidolophini, ezolimo, kunye nokhenketho adala amathuba awohlukeneyo ofakelo. Imimandla yezolimo ejikelezileyo ibonisa umdla okhulayo wofakelo lwelanga kwiinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela amandla kunye neendawo zokulungisa, ngelixa isixeko ngokwaso sibonelela ngeemarike zendawo yokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo.

Almeria: Incopho yoMbane kunye namaThuba eZolimo

IAlmeria imele mhlawumbi eyona ndawo yaseSpain yelanga, enemitha yonyaka ehlala idlula i-1,900 kWh/m² ngenxa yemozulu eyinkqantosi kunye nesikhundla njengelona phondo laseYurophu linelanga. Ubuncinci bokugquma kwamafu kunye neeyure ezandisiweyo zokukhanya kwelanga zenza iimeko ezikhethekileyo zokuvelisa amandla elanga.

Ishishini elikhulu lezolimo le-greenhouse lephondo lidala amathuba amaninzi elanga. Amaziko ezolimo afuna umbane obalulekileyo ukuze kulawuleke imozulu, ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokulungiswa. Ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwemfuno yombane wezolimo kunye neepateni zemveliso yelanga kwenza olu fakelo lube nomtsalane ngokwezoqoqosho.

Ukongeza, izicelo ezintsha ze-agrivoltaic ezidibanisa ukuveliswa kwelanga kunye nemveliso eqhubekayo yezolimo zifumana amandla e-Almeria.

Iingqwalasela zobuGcisa kuFakelo lweAndalusian

Iimeko ezibukhali zelanga zase-Andalusia kunye nehlobo elishushu lidala iimfuno ezithile zobugcisa ekufuneka abafakeli abaziingcali bazilungise.

Ukulawula amaqondo obushushu obuphezulu

Ihlobo elishushu laseAndalusia libonisa owona mceli mngeni uphambili wobugcisa bofakelo lwelanga. Ukushisa kwephahla rhoqo kudlula i-65-70 ° C ngoJulayi no-Agasti kwiindawo ezingaphakathi, ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-photovoltaic.

Iipaneli ngokuqhelekileyo zilahlekelwa ngu-0.35-0.45% ukusebenza kakuhle kwi-degree Celsius ngaphezu kwe-25 ° C, oku kuthetha ukuba ukushisa kwephahla kwe-70 ° C kunokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-15-20% xa kuthelekiswa neemeko zovavanyo oluqhelekileyo.

Uyilo lwenkqubo yobuchwephesha kufuneka luphendule ngezi ziphumo zobushushu ngokusebenzisa izicwangciso ezininzi. Ukukhetha iimodyuli ezine-coefficients ezisezantsi zokushisa (ngaphantsi -0.40% / ° C) kunciphisa ukuthotywa kokusebenza.

Ukuqinisekisa ukungena komoya okwaneleyo ngaphantsi kweephaneli ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokuxhoma-ingakumbi usebenzisa i-tilted endaweni yokugungxulwa ukunyuswa apho kunokwenzeka-kwehlisa ubushushu bokusebenza nge-5-10°C.

Kuphahla lwentengiso oluthe tyaba, iisistim zokuxhoma ze-ballast ezinokuphakama kwephaneli ebalulekileyo zibonelela ngokungena komoya okugqwesileyo kunye nokupholisa.

Umfuziselo wokwenziwa komsebenzi ochanekileyo odibanisa amaqondo obushushu okusebenza endaweni yokucinga iimeko zovavanyo ezisemgangathweni zibalulekile kuqikelelo lwemveliso oluyinyani. Izixhobo zobuchwephesha eziphendula ukuguquguquka kobushushu benyanga zinqanda ukuthembisa ngokugqithisileyo kwaye ziqinisekisa ukwaneliseka kwabathengi xa iinkqubo ezifakelweyo zisebenza njengoko kuqikelelwe.

Ukuqhelaniswa neNkqubo eLungileyo kunye neTilt

Ngelixa ufakelo olujonge emazantsi oluneengile ezithambekileyo malunga ne-30-35 ° ngokuqhelekileyo lukhulisa imveliso yonyaka kwi-latitude ye-Andalusia (malunga ne-36-38 ° N), imiba ethe ngqo yomxhasi inokucebisa ulungelelwaniso olulolunye.

Kubathengi abasebenzisa i-summer-peaking-eqhelekileyo e-Andalusia ngenxa yemithwalo ye-air conditioning-i-angle ephantsi ye-tilt ephantsi (i-25-30 °) inokufanisa ngcono imveliso kunye nemfuno.

Iinkqubo ezibhekiselele eMpuma-ntshona, ngelixa zivelisa amandla angaphantsi kwamandla kuneendlela ezijongene nezantsi, zisasaza isizukulwana ngokulinganayo yonke imini. Oku kunokunceda abaxumi ngencopho yosetyenziso lwasekuseni nangokuhlwa, ngakumbi amaziko orhwebo.

Izixhobo zobuchwephesha bomfuziselo ezilinganisa ngokukhawuleza uqhelaniso kunye neeengile ezithambekileyo zenza ukuba abafakeli bafakele balungise ubumbeko kwiimfuno ezithile zabaxumi endaweni yokungagqibeki kwizisombululo eziqhelekileyo.

Ulawulo lothuli nothuli

Imozulu eyomileyo yaseAndalusia kunye namaxesha awomileyo owomileyo anegalelo ekuqokeleleni kothuli kwiiphaneli zelanga. Ezinye iindawo, ngakumbi kufutshane nemimandla yezolimo okanye ngexesha leminyhadala yothuli lwaseSahara, zifumana ukungcoliseka okubalulekileyo okunokunciphisa imveliso nge-5-8% okanye ngaphezulu ngexesha elomileyo.

Ufakelo lwaselunxwemeni lujongene nemeko eyongezelelweyo yokugalelwa kwetyuwa, nangona idla ngokuba qatha kakhulu kunemekobume engqonge ulwandle ngokuthe ngqo.

Iziphakamiso zobuchwephesha kufuneka ziphendule ngokulindelekileyo ilahleko yokungcolisa kuqikelelo lwemveliso-ngokuqhelekileyo i-4-6% ngonyaka kwiindawo ezininzi zaseAndalusi. Abaxumi kufuneka baqonde ukuba ukucocwa ngamaxesha athile, nokuba kuyindalo ngokuna kwemvula okanye ukungenelela ngesandla ngexesha elomileyo elongeziweyo, kugcina ukusebenza kakuhle.

Ufakelo lwezorhwebo, ukubandakanya ukucocwa rhoqo kwizivumelwano zogcino kuqinisekisa imveliso engaguqukiyo kwaye inqanda ukuthotywa komgangatho wokusebenza ngokuthe ngcembe.

Ukukhetha i-Inverter kunye nobungakanani

Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu e-Andalusia achaphazela ukusebenza kwe-inverter kunye nokuphila ixesha elide. Ukukhetha ii-inverters ezilinganiselwe kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukungena komoya okwaneleyo kuthintela ukuhla kwe-thermal kunye nokwandisa ubomi besixhobo.

Ufakelo olukhulu lwezorhwebo, ukufumana ii-inverters kwiindawo ezilawulwa yimozulu kunokuba zibonise ubushushu obugcweleyo bangaphandle kuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka.

Isixhobo esinamandla selanga e-Andalusia sikwavumela izicwangciso ezisebenzayo zokuguqula inverter. Ukufakela i-DC i-arrays 10-20% enkulu kunomthamo we-inverter (DC: i-AC ratios ye-1.1-1.2) iphucula imveliso ngexesha lexesha eliphantsi le-irradiation ngelixa isamkela ukunqunyulwa okuncinci ngexesha leemeko eziphezulu.

Esi sicwangciso-qhinga sihlala siphucula isivuno samandla sonyaka kunye noqoqosho lweprojekthi, nangona sifuna umfuziselo ophucukileyo wokwandisa urhwebo lweeprojekthi ezithile.

Amathuba eMarike eAndalusia

Indibaniselwano yeAndalusia yezixhobo ezibalaseleyo zelanga, uqoqosho olwahlukeneyo, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo exhasayo idala amathuba kuwo onke amacandelo emarike.

Indawo yokuhlala Self-Consumption

Imakethi yokuhlala eAndalusia ikhule ngokukhawuleza njengoko abanini bezindlu beqaphela ukonga okukhulu okunokwenzeka kwimveliso ephezulu yelanga kudityaniswe neendleko zombane eziphakamileyo. Ufakelo oluqhelekileyo lweendawo zokuhlala luqala kwi-3-8 kW, kunye neenkqubo ezinkulu eziqhelekileyo kwiipropati ezinamachibi okudada, ukufudumeza kombane, okanye ukutshaja isithuthi sombane.

Abanini bezindlu baseAndalusi bajongana neendleko zomoya wehlobo ezinyusa kakhulu iibhilikhwe zombane. Ufakelo lwelanga oluthomalalisa ezi ncopho zasehlotyeni lubonelela ngoko nangoko, izibonelelo ezibambekayo ezinokubonwa ngabathengi kumatyala enyanga asetyenziswayo.

Amaxesha amafutshane okubuyisela eAndalusia-kaninzi iminyaka emi-5-7-yenza utyalo-mali lwelanga lube nomtsalane nakubathengi abagxile kwiindleko.

Icandelo lezoRhwebo kunye neloShishino

Isiseko sezorhwebo nezoshishino ezahlukeneyo sase-Andalusia sidala amathuba amaninzi ofakelo olukhulu lwelanga. Izixhobo zokuvelisa, amaziko othutho, amaziko okulungisa ukutya, kunye nezakhiwo zorhwebo zibonelela ngeendawo ezinophahla olubanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kombane wasemini ngokufanelekileyo ukuvelisa amandla elanga.

Abaxumi borhwebo e-Andalusia bafuna uhlalutyo oluphucukileyo lwezemali olubandakanya iindlela ezininzi zokuxhasa ngemali, ukudityaniswa neenkqubo zamandla ezikhoyo, uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lokuthelekisa ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokulungelelaniswa nezibophelelo zokuzinza kwenkampani.

Ukukwazi ukwenza imodeli ngokukhawuleza ulungelelwaniso lweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuvelisa uhlalutyo lobuchwephesha lothelekiso luyimfuneko ekuphumeleleni ezi projekthi. Ufakelo oluninzi lwentengiso luqala kwi-50 kW ukuya kwi-megawatts ezininzi, lubonelela ngengeniso ebonakalayo kubafaki abafanelekileyo.

Icandelo lezoLimo

Ishishini lezolimo elibanzi laseAndalusia lidala amathuba awodwa elanga. Iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela, ii-greenhouses, iindawo zokulungisa, kunye nemisebenzi yokugcina ifuna umbane omkhulu. Ubume bemini yemisebenzi emininzi yezolimo ihambelana kakuhle nemveliso yelanga, eyenza ukuba amazinga aphezulu okusebenzisa ngokwakho aphucula uqoqosho lweprojekthi.

Iinkqubo ezintsha ze-agrivoltaic eziphakamisa iipaneli zelanga ngaphezu kwezityalo zifumana umdla kwi-Andalusia. Olu fakelo lubonelela ngombane ngelixa ludala i-microclimates enenzuzo enciphisa ukuvela kwamanzi kunye noxinzelelo lobushushu kwizityalo.

Abafaki beengcali abaphuhlisa ubuchule kwizicelo zezolimo banokuzahlula kule marike ye-niche ekhulayo.

UKhenketho nokuBuka iindwendwe

Icandelo lokhenketho lase-Andalusia-kubandakanya iindawo zokuchithela iiholide eziselunxwemeni, iihotele zedolophu ezinembali, kunye nezakhiwo zokhenketho zasemaphandleni-zimele imakethi enkulu yelanga. Amaziko okhenketho asebenzisa umbane obalulekileyo, ngakumbi ngeenyanga zasehlotyeni xa imveliso yelanga iphezulu.

Olu lungelelwaniso lugqwesileyo phakathi kwemfuno yamandla kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla elanga kudala uqoqosho olunomtsalane kunye namazinga aphezulu okusebenzisa ngokwakho kunye namaxesha okuhlawula ngokukhawuleza.

Amashishini okhenketho agxininisa ngakumbi ukuzinza kwiintengiso kunye nemisebenzi yawo. Ufakelo lwelanga lubonelela ngeenzuzo zezoqoqosho kunye nexabiso lokuthengisa, ukuxhasa izatifikethi zokuzinza kunye nokubhenela kubahambi abaqaphela indalo.

Izindululo zobuchwephesha ezilinganisa imbuyekezo yemali kunye neenzuzo zozinzo zibhekiswa ngamandla kweli candelo.

Uhlahlelo lwezeMali lweeProjekthi zeSolar zaseAndalusi

Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zelanga zeAndalusia zidala uqoqosho lweprojekthi olunyanzelisayo ukuba abafaki beengcali banxibelelane ngokufanelekileyo ngohlalutyo oluntsonkothileyo lwemali.

Imbuyekezo ephezulu kuTyalo-mali

Imveliso yamandla ephezulu e-Andalusia iguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kwimbuyekezo yemali ephuculweyo. Inkqubo yokuhlala enokuthi ibonise i-8-year payback kumbindi weSpain inokufikelela kwi-payback kwi-6-7 iminyaka e-Seville okanye eMalaga, kunye nazo zonke ezinye izinto ezilinganayo. Olu phuculo lwe-15-25% kwixesha lokubuyisela kwenza utyalo-mali lwelanga lube nomtsalane kuluhlu olubanzi lwabathengi.

Imodeli yezemali yobuchwephesha kufuneka iqaqambise ezi nzuzo ngokuthelekisa ukusebenza kweprojekthi ye-Andalusian kweminye imimandla. Ukubonisa ukuba abathengi bayazuza kwimithombo yelanga ephezulu yakha ukuzithemba kwaye ithethelela umgangatho wenkqubo yeprimiyamu kunokukhuphisana kuphela ngexabiso eliphantsi.

Amaxabiso oMbane kunye neepateni zokuSebenza

Amazinga ombane aseAndalusi ahluka ngohlobo lwabathengi kunye nesakhiwo serhafu, kodwa abathengi beendawo zokuhlala bahlawula i-0.12-0.18 nge-kWh nganye ngelixa abasebenzisi bezorhwebo bahlawula i-€ 0.10-0.15 nge-kWh nganye. Ukusetyenziswa kwehlobo eliphezulu eliqhutywa yimithwalo ye-air conditioning kuthetha ukuba abathengi abaninzi bajongana namazinga okusebenzisa ixesha kunye namaxabiso e-premium ngexesha leeyure eziphakamileyo xa imveliso yelanga inamandla kakhulu.

Uhlalutyo lobuchwephesha kufuneka lubonise iipatheni zokwenyani zokusetyenziswa endaweni yokucinga ukusetyenziswa okuthe tyaba unyaka wonke. Kubathengi abasebenzisa i-summer-peaking, ufakelo lwelanga lubonelela ngexabiso eliphezulu ngokunciphisa umbane obiza kakhulu.

Uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwenyanga olubonisa ukongiwa kwetyala lombane unyaka wonke lunceda abathengi baqonde isindululo sexabiso elipheleleyo.

Iimeko ezininzi zezeMali

Abathengi banamhlanje belanga balindele uhlalutyo olubanzi lweendlela ezahlukeneyo zenkxaso-mali. Izindululo zobungcali kufuneka zibandakanye uhlalutyo lokuthenga ngemali ezinkozo olubonisa ukonga okupheleleyo kunye nexesha lokubuyisela, inkxaso-mali yemali-mboleko enobude ohlukeneyo kunye namazinga enzala, iindlela zokuqeshisa apho zikhoyo, kunye nokubalwa kwexabiso elikhoyo kuzo zonke iimeko.

Ukukwazi ukuvelisa iimeko ezininzi zenkxaso-mali ngokukhawuleza kwenza ukuba abafaki bafake ukujongana neemeko ezahlukeneyo zezimali zabathengi ngexesha lokubonisana. Izixhobo zobuchwephesha ezenza umfuziselo wezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zentlawulo ngelixa zigcina ukuchaneka kuzo zonke izibalo ezintsonkothileyo zilungelelanisa le nkqubo kwaye ziphucule amazinga okuguqulwa.

Inkuthazo ekhoyo

Iinkqubo zengingqi kunye nomasipala zibonelela ngenkxaso yemali yofakelo lwelanga eAndalusia. Urhulumente wengingqi unikezele ngenkxaso-mali egubungela i-20-40% yeendleko zokufakela phantsi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo, nangona ukufumaneka kunye nemigaqo iguquka ngamaxesha athile.

Abanye oomasipala babonelela ngenkxaso eyongezelelweyo ngokucutha irhafu yepropathi kunye nemvume ekhawulezileyo.

Abafakeli abaziingcali kufuneka bagcine ulwazi lwangoku lweenkqubo ezikhoyo kwaye bazibandakanye ngokuqhubekayo kwizindululo. Abathengi abaninzi abawazi amathuba enkuthazo, ukwenza ubuchule be-installer ekuhambeni kwezi nkqubo zibe yinkonzo exabisekileyo ephucula uqoqosho lweprojekthi kunye nokwaneliseka kwabaxumi.

Izixhobo zobuNgcali zokuSebenza ngokuPhezulu kweAndalusian Solar

Ukwenza imali kwizixhobo ezikhethekileyo zelanga zaseAndalusia kufuna izixhobo zobuchwephesha ezenza imodeli echanekileyo kunye nokuhamba okusebenzayo.

Ukuchaneka kweNdawo-Idatha ethile

Xa kujongwa umahluko obalulekileyo womitha kwi-Andalusia—ukusuka kwi-1,750 ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-1,900 kWh/m² ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo—imiyinge yommandla oqhelekileyo ibonelela ngokungachanekanga kwezindululo zobungcali. Ukufikelela kwidatha ye-GPS-specific irradiation iqinisekisa ukuba uqikelelo lokusebenza lubonisa iimeko zesayithi zokwenyani kunoqikelelo olubanzi.

Izixhobo zokubala zobuchwephesha ezinogcino-lwazi olubanzi oluvela kwisathelayithi zenza ukuba abafakeli bafakele ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo kwaye bafumane uqikelelo lwemveliso oluchanekileyo. Oku kuchanekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu e-Andalusia apho izibonelelo ezikhethekileyo zenza uqikelelo oluchanekileyo olubaluleke kakhulu ekuthetheleleni utyalo-mali lwenkqubo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukwaneliseka kwabaxumi.

Ukulinganisa okungasikelwanga mda woPhuculo

Ufakelo ngalunye lwaseAndalusi lubonisa amathuba awodwa okuphucula. Ubutyebi belanga obunzulu buvumela iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchule ezibandakanya amaqhinga okusebenzisa i-inverter oversizing, urhwebo lokuqhelaniswa nempuma-ntshona, ukwenziwa kwe-engile ethambekileyo kwiipateni zokusetyenziswa kwexesha lonyaka, kunye nokhetho lokunciphisa inxenye yomthunzi.

Imirhumo yobuchwephesha enikezela ngokulinganisa okungenamkhawulo kwindawo nganye ye-GPS ivumela ukuphononongwa ngokucokisekileyo kwala mathuba okuphucula. Endaweni yokunciphisa uhlalutyo kulungelelwaniso olusisiseko, abafakeli banokuvavanya iimeko ezininzi zokuchonga izisombululo ezandisa imveliso, ukuphucula uqoqosho, okanye ukujongana nemiqobo ethile yesiza.

Le ndlela yokuphucula ibanzi inika iziphumo ezigqwesileyo kwaye ibonisa ubuchule bobuchwephesha kubaxhasi.

IModeli yokuSebenza eLungisiweyo kwiqondo lobushushu

Ngenxa yobushushu bokusebenza obuphezulu be-Andalusia, imodeli yokusebenza echanekileyo kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo iziphumo ze-thermal ekusebenzeni kwephaneli. Izixhobo zobuchwephesha ezibandakanya idatha yokushisa yendawo ethile kunye nokubala ukuhluka kwenyanga yokusebenza kwenyanga ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zangempela zokusebenza zibonelela ngoqikelelo lokwenene lwemveliso.

Iikhaltyhuleyitha zohlobo lweGeneric ezithatha iimeko zovavanyo eziqhelekileyo ziqikelela kakhulu ukusebenza kwehlobo kwimozulu eshushu yaseAndalusia. Imodeli yobuchwephesha echaza iziphumo zeqondo lokushisa-ngokuqhelekileyo ukunciphisa imveliso yehlobo nge-12-18% xa kuthelekiswa nokulinganisa kwe-STC-uqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo ezifakiweyo zidibana okanye zigqithise iingqikelelo, ukwakha idumela le-installer kunye nokuthintela ukuphoxeka kwabathengi.

IModeli yezeMali eBanzi

Uqoqosho lwelanga oluphezulu lwe-Andalusia lufanele uhlalutyo oluphucukileyo lwezemali olulinganisa iinzuzo zengingqi. Izixhobo zobuchwephesha kufuneka zenze uthelekiso lwemeko yezemali ezininzi, uhlalutyo lovakalelo kwiingqikelelo ezahlukeneyo, iingqikelelo zexesha elide ezibandakanya ukugcinwa kunye nokuthotywa, kunye nohlalutyo oluthelekisayo olubonisa inzuzo ye-Andalusian kuneminye imimandla.

Ukukwazi ukuvelisa iingxelo zemali ezineenkcukacha ngokufanelekileyo ukwahlula iinkampani zelanga eziqeqeshiweyo ezivela kubakhuphisana nokubonelela ngeengcaphuno ezisisiseko. Abathengi balindele ngakumbi uhlalutyo olubanzi, kwaye abafakeli abazisa oku ngokufanelekileyo bafumana inzuzo yokhuphiswano ngelixa begcina imida esempilweni.

Imeko elawulayo eAndalusia

Ukuqonda isikhokelo solawulo se-Andalusia siqinisekisa ukuphunyezwa kweprojekthi egudileyo kwaye kunceda abafakeli bakhokele abathengi ngeemfuno zolawulo.

Inkxaso yoMmandla aVuselelekayo kwiNgingqi

Urhulumente wommandla wase-Andalusi umisele imigaqo-nkqubo exhasayo yamandla avuselelekayo, kubandakanywa imvume elungelelanisiweyo yofakelo lwelanga, inkuthazo yemali yeeprojekthi zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo, kunye neenkqubo zenkxaso yobugcisa bofakelo oluntsonkothileyo. Le migaqo-nkqubo idala imeko-bume yoshishino efanelekileyo kubafaki belanga kunye nokunciphisa imiqobo yolawulo.

IiMfuno zikaMasipala

Iimfuno zofakelo lwelanga ziyahluka ngomasipala kulo lonke elaseAndalusia. Izixeko ezikhulu ezifana neSeville, iMalaga, kunye neGranada ziye zalungelelanisa iinkqubo zazo zokuvumela ukufakela okusemgangathweni, ngelixa oomasipala abancinci banokuba neenkqubo ezingamiselwanga. Abafakeli abaziingcali bagcina ulwazi lweemfuno kuzo zonke iindawo zabo zenkonzo kwaye bafakela amaxesha okwenene kucwangciso lweprojekthi.

Inkqubo yoQhagamshelwano lweGridi

Ukudibanisa iinkqubo zelanga kwigridi yombane kufuna ulungelelwaniso kunye nezinto eziluncedo zendawo. Inkqubo ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa kunye namaxwebhu, izifundo zempembelelo yegridi yofakelo olukhulu, ukuhlolwa kofakelo kunye nokuvunywa, kunye nokufakelwa kweemitha okanye ukuguqulwa.

Ukuqonda iimfuno eziluncedo kunye nokugcina ubudlelwane obuhle nabameli bendawo kukhawuleza unxibelelwano kwaye kuthintele ukulibaziseka okukhathaza abathengi.

Isikhundla soKhuphiswano kwiMarike yaseAndalusia

Impumelelo kwimarike yelanga ekhulayo yaseAndalusia ifuna ukwahlula ngaphaya kokukhuphisana ngexabiso kuphela.

Ubungcali kwiiNkqubo zokuSebenza okuPhezulu

Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zelanga zaseAndalusia zithethelela umgangatho wenkqubo yeprimiyamu eyandisa amandla amaninzi akhoyo.

Ukubonisa ubuchule kwiimodyuli eziphezulu, ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwe-inverter kwiimeko zemozulu ezishushu, iinkqubo eziphezulu zokunyuka ezibonelela komoya ophezulu, kunye nokubeka iliso elibukhali kwizikhundla zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza njengeengcali ezandisa imbuyekezo kunokuba ababoneleli bempahla bagxile kwixabiso eliphantsi.

Izicelo zezoLimo neziZodwa

Ukuphuhlisa ubuchule kwizicelo ezikhethekileyo kudala inzuzo yokukhuphisana. Amathuba aquka ukufakelwa kwemitha yelanga yezolimo kunye ne-agrivoltaics, iiprojekthi zecandelo lokhenketho ezinogxininiso lozinzo, ukufakelwa kwezorhwebo nemizi-mveliso enkulu, kunye neenkqubo ezihlanganisiweyo zokugcinwa kwesola neebhetri.

Ubungcali buvumela amaxabiso eprimiyamu ngelixa kuncitshiswa ukhuphiswano oluthe ngqo kunye nabafakeli be-generalist.

Amaxwebhu oBuchule kunye noHlahlelo

Izindululo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nohlalutyo oluneenkcukacha zahlula abafaki beengcali kwiimarike ezikhuphisanayo. Abathengi baya belindele ngakumbi idatha yombane yendawo ethile kunye noqikelelo lwemveliso, uhlalutyo olubanzi lwemali kunye neemeko ezininzi, iinkcukacha ezicacileyo zobugcisa kunye noyilo lwenkqubo, ulungelelwaniso lwenkqubo yobuchwephesha kunye namaxwebhu, kunye nolwazi olucacileyo lwewaranti kunye nokugcinwa.

Utyalo-mali kwizixhobo zobuchwephesha ezivelisa ngokufanelekileyo ezi mathiriyeli zihlawula izabelo ngamazinga aphezulu oguqulo kunye nodumo olwandisiweyo. Njengoko imakethi yaseAndalusia ikhula, abathengi batsaleleka kubafaki ababonisa ubucukubhede ngokusebenzisa izindululo zabo kunye nokusebenzisana nabaxumi.

Isiphelo: Ukwenza imali kwi-Andalusia's Solar Advantage

I-Andalusia ibonelela abafakeli belanga abaziingcali ukufikelela kwezona zixhobo zibalaseleyo zelanga zaseYurophu, idala amathuba akhethekileyo okwakha amashishini anempumelelo elanga. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuninzi kulo mmandla, imigaqo-nkqubo exhasayo, amacandelo ahlukeneyo emarike, kunye nokuqonda okukhulayo kweenzuzo zelanga zidibanisa ukudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhula kwemarike.

Impumelelo idinga ukudibanisa ubuchule bobugcisa kunye nezixhobo zobuchwephesha, imisebenzi esebenzayo, kunye nokuzinikela kwinkonzo yabathengi. Ukukwazi ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo iingenelo zelanga ze-Andalusia ngokusebenzisa idatha echanekileyo yendawo ethile kunye nohlalutyo oluntsonkothileyo lwahlula iinkokeli zentengiso kubakhuphisana benza amabango egeneric.

Abafakeli abaziingcali abatyala imali kwizixhobo zokubala ezisemgangathweni, amandla okwenza imodeli abanzi, kunye nesiphakamiso esiphuculweyo sokuvelisa bazibeka endaweni yokubamba amacandelo emarike yeprimiyamu kunokukhuphisana ngexabiso kuphela.

Njengenxalenye yokuqonda ngokubanzi amandla elanga kulo lonke elaseSpain, ukuqaphela iingenelo ezizodwa ze-Andalusia zenza ukubekwa kwesicwangciso kunye nonxibelelwano lomxumi olusebenzayo.