Iphaneli ye-solar iphinde isebenze kwakhona kunye nezisombululo zoqoqosho zesetyhula zokuzinza

Ukuqonda iSolar Circular Economy

Uqoqosho lwesetyhula kwi-photovoltaics lubonisa ukucinga kwakhona ngokupheleleyo kwi-solar panel lifecycles. Ngokungafaniyo ne imodeli yesiko "i-extract-produce-dispose", le ndlela ibeka phambili ukusetyenziswa kwakhona, ukurisayikilisha, kunye nemathiriyeli. ukuzalwa ngokutsha.

Olu tshintsho lujikeleze imigaqo emininzi esisiseko eguqula amandla elanga iindlela zemveliso. Uyilo olunoxanduva lwe-Eco ludibanisa ukuphinda kusetyenziswe icandelo ukusuka kwinqanaba lophuhliso, ukwenza kube lula ukwahlukana kwezinto ekupheleni kobomi. Ukuphucula ubomi bokufakelwa kwelanga kwenza enye intsika ebalulekileyo, kunye neepaneli ezilungiselelwe ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo iminyaka engama-25-30 ubuncinane.

Ukuphuhliswa kweengqokelela ezikhethekileyo kunye nemijelo yokucubungula ihamba kunye nale ndlela, ukudala epheleleyo Valorization ecosystem. Ezi inkqubo yokuvelisa ezintsha ngoku vumela amazinga achukumisayo okurisayikilisha angaphezu kwama-95% kumacandelo athile.

Umngeni wokuRisayikilishwa kwePaneli yeSolar

Ukuqulunqwa kunye neZixhobo eziRecyclable

Iiphaneli zelanga zinezinto ezininzi ezixabisekileyo ezinokufunyanwa. I-silicon imele malunga ne-76% yetotali ubunzima kwaye inokucocwa ukwenza amaqhekeza amatsha. I-aluminiyam evela kwizakhelo, iphinda isetyenziswe ngokulula, yenza i-8% ye ubunzima. Iglasi, emele i-3% yobunzima, ingaphinda isetyenziswe ekuveliseni iimodyuli ezintsha okanye enye imboni izicelo.

Iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo njengesilivere, ezikhoyo kuqhagamshelo lombane, zinexabiso elibalulekileyo lezoqoqosho ukuchacha kwabo. Ubhedu oluvela kwi-wiring yangaphakathi lunokukhutshwa kwaye luhlaziywe kwakhona. Olu qulunqo lutyebileyo imathiriyeli enokuphinda isetyenziswe iguqula iphaneli nganye yokuphela kobomi ibe ngumgodi wokwenene wasezidolophini.

Imiqulu yeNkunkuma yeFotovoltaic eqikelelweyo

I-Arhente yaMandla aHlaziywayo yamazwe ngamazwe (IRENA) iqikelela ukuba i-78 yezigidi zeetoni zeepaneli zelanga ziya kufikelela. Ukuphela kobomi ngo-2050. Olu qikelelo lukhulu luvela kugqabhuko-dubulo lofakelo lwelanga ukususela ngo-2000. Kwi EYurophu, iifama zokuqala ezifakwe ngamandla elanga ngoku zifikelela esiphelweni somjikelo wazo.

Le meko imele ngaxeshanye umngeni omkhulu wokusingqongileyo kunye nethuba elikhulu loqoqosho. Ixabiso lezinto ezibuyiselwayo linokufikelela kwi-15 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2050, ngokutsho kwe-IRENA uqikelelo. Oku imbono ikhuthaza uphuhliso lweziseko eziluncedo zokurisayikilisha ezihlengahlengisiweyo nezinenzuzo.

Ubuchwephesha kunye neeNkqubo zokuRisayikilishwa

Iindlela Zokudilizwa

Inkqubo yokurisayikilisha iqala ngokwahlula amacandelo ahlukeneyo. Izakhelo zeAluminiyam zisuswa ngoomatshini, ukwenza ukubuyiswa kwesinyithi ngokuthe ngqo. Iibhokisi zeJunction kunye neentambo zichithwa ngokwahlukileyo ukukhupha ubhedu kunye izinto zeplastiki.

Ukwahlula iglasi kunye neeseli zesilicon lelona nyathelo libuthathaka. Iindlela ezininzi zetekhnoloji okwangoku ukuhlala kunye. Unyango lobushushu obuphezulu (500°C) ivumela ukubola kwe-EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) ezibophelela iiseli kwiglasi. Le ndlela, ngelixa inamandla amakhulu, inika amazinga aphezulu okubuyisela.

Iinkqubo zemichiza kusetyenziswa izinyibilikisi ezithile zibonakalisa enye indlela ethambileyo, ukulondoloza ngcono izinto ezifunyenweyo ingqibelelo. Ezi ezintsha zeteknoloji ngoku faka isicelo kwi ukurisayikilishwa ukulungiselela ukubuyisela kwakhona imathiriyeli ekrwada.

Ukuhlanjululwa kwezinto kunye nokuValorization

Nje ukuba zahluliwe, imathiriyeli iba kunyango oluphezulu lokucoca. I-silicon efunyenweyo ifuna ukuthungwa kweekhemikhali iinkqubo ukuphelisa ukungcola metallic kunye neentsalela doping. Oku kucocwa kwenza ukuba ufumane i-silicon ye umgangatho owaneleyo wokwenza iiphaneli ezintsha.

Isilivere, eyona ntsimbi ixabisekileyo kwiipaneli, ifumana iindlela ezintsonkothileyo zokubuyisela. Ukukhutshwa kwe-Acid leaching ivumela ukubuyisela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-99% yesilivere yangoku. Ubhedu lulandela iinkqubo ezifanayo kunye namazinga aphezulu okubuyisela.

Ezi zixhobo zihlanjululwe emva koko zidibanisa kwakhona amanyathelo emveliso angundoqo, ukudala ivaliwe yokwenene iluphu. Le ndlela yesetyhula inciphisa kakhulu ukutsalwa kwezinto ezinyulu kunye ne-carbon footprint.

Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye neeNzuzo

UkuNcitshiswa kweCarbon Footprint

Uqoqosho lwesetyhula olusetyenziswa kwiipaneli zelanga luvelisa inzuzo enkulu kokusingqongileyo. Ukurisayikilishwa kwe-silicon kuyanqanda I-85% ye-CO2 ekhutshwayo edityaniswe nemveliso ye-silicon enyulu. Olu londolozo lumele malunga neetoni ezi-1.4 ze ithintelwe i-CO2 ngetoni nganye yesilicon esetyenzisiweyo.

Ukubuyiswa kwe-Aluminiyam kugwema i-95% yokukhutshwa okuhambelana nemveliso yokuqala. Ukuqwalasela ipaneli iqulathe malunga ne-15 kg ye-aluminiyam, ukurisayikilishwa kwakhona kuthintela ukukhutshwa kwe-165 kg CO2 elinganayo kwiphaneli nganye. Olu gcino qokelela ngokukhawuleza ngokunyusa imiqulu esetyenziweyo.

Uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lwe impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yamandla elanga imveliso ibonisa ukuba ukudibanisa uqoqosho lwesetyhula kunokunciphisa i-photovoltaic jikelele carbon footprint nge 30-40%. Olu phuculo lubalulekileyo lomeleza indawo yelanga njengento ezinzileyo ngokwenene umthombo wamandla.

ULondolozo lweMithombo yeNdalo

Ukurisayikilisha kugcina ubuncwane bendalo obunyiniweyo buhlala bugxile ngokwejografi. I-silicon ye-Metallurgical-grade ifuna iidiphozithi zequartz ezicocekileyo, ubutyebi obungahlaziyekiyo. Ukubuyisela i-silicon kwiipaneli ezindala kunciphisa uxinzelelo kwezi diphozithi zendalo.

Isilivere, ibaluleke kakhulu kwishishini le-photovoltaic, ibonelela ngogcino olulinganiselweyo lwehlabathi. Ngokumelwa kokusetyenziswa I-10% yemveliso yesilivere yehlabathi, ishishini lelanga lixhomekeke kakhulu kule ntsimbi exabisekileyo. Ukurisayikilisha kuyasebenza ukudala isitokhwe sesilivere yesibini, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwimigodi yokuqala.

Olu londolozo lobutyebi lukhapha iimpembelelo ezincitshisiweyo zokusingqongileyo ezinxulunyaniswa nokumbiwa kwemigodi. Imigodi embalwa iisayithi zithetha ukuphazamiseka okuncinci kwe-ikhosistim, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okuncinci, kunye nokukhutshwa okungcolisekileyo okumbalwa.

Imingeni yokuPhunyezwa kunye nezisombululo

Imiqobo yezoQoqosho yangoku

Umngeni ophambili we-photovoltaic circular economy uhlala uqoqosho. Ukuqokelela, ukuthutha, kunye neendleko zokulungisa iiphaneli ezisetyenzisiweyo zihlala zigqitha ixabiso lemathiriyeli efunyenweyo. Le meko ivela kwimiqulu esele ilinganiselwe kwaye ukungabikho koqoqosho lwesikali.

Amaxabiso e-silicon enyulu, ngakumbi aphantsi ukusukela ngo-2022, enza ukuba isilicon esetyenzisiweyo ingabinakhuphiswano kwezoqoqosho. Le ekrwada Ukuguquguquka kwexabiso lemathiriyeli kwenza kube nzima ukurisayikilishwa kwesicwangciso sotyalo-mali lweziseko ezingundoqo. Iinkampani ziyathandabuza ukutyala imali kakhulu ngaphandle kweziqinisekiso zenzuzo zexesha elide.

Ukungabikho kwemigaqo ebophelelayo kumazwe amaninzi nako kuthintela uphuhliso lwemarike. Ngaphandle kokurisayikilisha okusemthethweni izibophelelo, abanini abaninzi bakhetha izisombululo ezingabizi kakhulu kodwa ngokusingqongileyo zingenasimilo.

Ukuphuhlisa imijelo eYodwa

Ukudala amajelo akhethekileyo okurisayikilisha kufuna ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwabadlali abaninzi. Abavelisi bephaneli, abafakeli, abaqhawulayo, kunye nabasebenza ngokutsha kufuneka basebenzisane ngokusondeleyo. Le ntsebenziswano ilungiselela inyathelo ngalinye lenkqubo kwaye inciphisa iindleko zizonke.

Amaziko asakhulayo okuqokelela iingingqi aququzelela ulungiselelo nokunciphisa iindleko zothutho. Ezi hubs ziphakathi iiphaneli zokuphela kobomi phambi kokuba uthuthele kwiindawo zokulungisa. Lo mbutho wommandla ukhulisa ukuhamba kunye iphucula ingeniso yezoqoqosho.

Ukuphuhlisa ubugcisa bokurisayikilisha obuhambayo bumele ukusungulwa okuthembisayo. Ezi yunithi zihanjiswayo zinokusebenza iiphaneli ngokuthe ngqo kwiindawo zokudiliza, ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zolungiselelo. Le ndlela yokwabela amagunya iyavumelana ngakumbi kakuhle kufakelo olukhulu.

Amanyathelo oLawulo kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo

I-European WEEE Directive

I-European Union ivula indlela yokubuyisela i-photovoltaic kwakhona nge-WEEE (iNkunkuma yoMbane kunye ne-Electronic Izixhobo) umyalelo. Lo mthetho ubeka uxanduva olwandisiweyo lwabavelisi kubavelisi, kunyanzelekile ukuba baququzelele kwaye baxhase ngemali ukuqokelelwa kwemveliso kunye nokuhlaziya.

Umyalelo ubeka iinjongo zebhongo kunye ne-85% yezinga lokubuyisela ubunzima bepaneli eqokelelweyo kunye ne-80% yezinga lokurisayikilishwa. Le miqobo ibophelelayo ivuselela iteknoloji entsha kunye nokusetyenzwa kotyalo-mali lweziseko ezingundoqo. I-Eco-contribution ihlawulwe ekuthengeni imali kule misebenzi.

Le ndlela yokulawula idala izikhokelo ezizinzileyo ezikhuthaza utyalo-mali lwabucala. Iinkampani zinokucwangcisa ixesha elide imisebenzi, ukwazi imfuno yokurisayikilisha iqinisekisiwe ngokusemthethweni. Olu khuseleko lomthetho luthanda ukuvela kwabazinikeleyo amacandelo ezoshishino.

Amanyathelo Amazwe ngamazwe

Ehlabathini lonke, i-International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (IEA PVPS) iququzelela ilanga uphando lokurisayikilishwa. Le ntsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe iququzelela ukwabelana ngobuchule kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ukulungelelanisa. Amazwe angamalungu atshintshiselana ngamava kwaye ngokudibeneyo aphuhlise izisombululo ezintsha.

Inyathelo lePV Cycle, umbutho ongenzi nzuzo, uququzelela ukuqokelela kwephaneli ye-photovoltaic kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe kwi-18. amazwe aseYurophu. Olu lwakhiwo ludityanisiweyo ludibanisa iindleko kwaye luqinisekisa inkonzo efanayo imimandla. Ngaphezulu kwe-40,000 yeetoni zeephaneli eziqokelelweyo ukususela ekudalweni kwayo.

La manyathelo okuqala alungiselela ulungelelwaniso lolawulo lwexesha elizayo. Injongo ijolise ekusekeni ihlabathi imigangatho yokurisayikilishwa, ukuququzelela utshintshiselwano lwezorhwebo kunye nokwandisa iindlela zokusetyenzwa.

Utshintsho olusakhulayo kunye nobuGcisa

Uyilo lokuRisayikilishwa

Iiphaneli zelanga zesizukulwana esitsha zidibanisa imiqobo yokuphela kobomi ukusuka ekukhawulweni. Uyilo lwe-Eco lubeka phambili ngokulula izinto ezahlukanayo kunye neendibano ezingenakunqunyulwa. Le ndlela "yoyilo lokurisayikilisha" iguqula indlela imboni ye-photovoltaic.

Izinto ezintsha ziquka ukuncamatheliswa kwe-thermofusible endaweni ye-EVA yemveli. Ezi zibophelelo zitsha zinyibilika ezantsi amaqondo obushushu, ukwenza lula iglasi kunye nokwahlulwa kweeseli. Olu phuculo lobugcisa lunciphisa amandla okurisayikilisha ukusetyenziswa kunye nokugcina imfezeko yezinto eziphathekayo.

Ukusebenzisa izakhelo ezidityaniswe ngoomatshini ngokuqhubekayo kubuyisela iifreyimu ezidityanisiweyo. Le indaleko yenza lula ukudilizwa ngaphandle kokutshintshwa kwe-aluminium. Izihlanganisi zombane ezisuswayo zikwaququzelela iingcingo kunye nexabiso ukubuyiswa kwesinyithi.

UFakelo loFakelo lokuSebenzisa kwisiza

Ukuphuhlisa ubugcisa bokurisayikilisha buguqula ulawulo lofakelo olukhulu lwelanga. Ezi yunithi ezizimeleyo iipaneli zenkqubo ngqo kwisiza, ukuphepha ukuthutha kunye nokuphatha. Le ndlela inciphisa kakhulu ulungiselelo iindleko kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe i-carbon footprint.

Ezi nkqubo zihambayo zidibanisa onke amanyathelo okuqhuba kwizikhongozeli ezisemgangathweni. Ukudilizwa, ukwahlukana, kunye ukuhlanjululwa kwenzeka kwiisekethe ezivaliweyo. Izinto ezifunyenweyo zipakishwe ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo kwimizi-mveliso amakhonkco okubonelela.

Olu tshintsho lungqineke lulungelelaniswe ngokukodwa kwiifama ezinkulu zelanga ezifikelela kubomi bobomi ngaxeshanye. Ezothutho ukongiwa kunye nokuphathwa okucuthiweyo kuphucula kakhulu inzuzo yokuhlaziya.

Izicelo eziSebenzayo kunye neZixhobo zoVavanyo

Ukutshintshela kuqoqosho lwesetyhula kufuna izixhobo zovavanyo ezinamandla ukulinganisa okusingqongileyo kunye noqoqosho iinzuzo. I PVGIS isixhobo sokubala solar ngoku idibanisa ubomi obupheleleyo iimodyuli zokuhlalutya, kubandakanywa izigaba zokuphinda zisetyenziswe.

Ezi zixhobo zenza ukuba iingcali zivavanye impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yehlabathi yofakelo lwe-photovoltaic ngaphezu kwabo ubomi bonke. Ukudibanisa iimeko zokurisayikilishwa kwizibalo zengeniso kunceda abenzi bezigqibo bakhethe ezona zisombululo zizinzileyo. I PVGIS isifanisi sezemali Unikezelo lugqityiwe uhlalutyo lwezoqoqosho olubandakanya iindleko zokuphela kobomi.

Kuluntu olubandakanyeka kutshintsho lwamandla, izixeko elanga phuhlisa ulawulo lwenkunkuma ye-photovoltaic edibeneyo izicwangciso. Ezi ndlela zommandla zilungelelanisa uphuhliso lwelanga kunye nokusekwa komjelo wasekhaya wokurisayikilisha.

Iimbono zekamva

Uqoqosho lwesetyhula ye-Photovoltaic luya kufumana ukukhawuleza okukhulu kwiminyaka ezayo. Ukwanda okubonakalayo kwi imithamo yephaneli yokuphela kobomi iya kudala uqoqosho lwesikali ukwenza ukurisayikilishwa kusebenze ngokwezoqoqosho. Uqikelelo bonisa ulungelelwaniso lwezoqoqosho olufikelelwe malunga nowama-2030.

Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kuya kuqhubeka kucutha iindleko zokuphinda kusetyenziswe ngelixa kuphuculwa amaxabiso okubuyisela. Okwenziwayo uphuhliso lobukrelekrele ukulungiselela inkqubo yokwandisa kunye nerobhothi zokudiliza i-automation iya kuguqula i ishishini lokurisayikilishwa kwelanga.

Ukudibanisa uqoqosho lwesetyhula kwiimodeli zeshishini le-photovoltaic ziya kuguqukela kwi-"cradle to cradle" epheleleyo. iinkonzo. Abavelisi baya kucebisa iikhontrakthi ezibandakanya ukufakela, ukugcinwa, kunye nokurisayikilisha, ukuyila uxanduva lwehlabathi kumjikelo wobomi bonke. Olu tshintsho luya komeleza indawo yelanga njengenyani amandla azinzileyo kunye nesetyhula.

Ukuzinzisa ulwazi lwakho lwamandla elanga kunye nemingeni yawo yokusingqongileyo, jongana ne gqibezela PVGIS isikhokelo echaza yonke imiba yobugcisa neyolawulo. I PVGIS uxwebhu ikwabonelela ngezibonelelo ezikhethekileyo kwiingcali kushishino.

I-FAQ-Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga noQoqosho lweSetyhula kunye neePaneli zeSolar

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuhlaziya iphaneli yelanga?

Inkqubo epheleleyo yohlaziyo lwephaneli yelanga ithatha iiyure ezi-2-4 ngokuxhomekeke kubuchwephesha obusetyenzisiweyo. Eli xesha kubandakanya ukudilizwa, ukwahlulwa kwezinto, kunye nonyango olusisiseko lokucoca. Iinkqubo zoshishino zanamhlanje zinako ukuphatha ukuya kutsho kwiiphaneli ezingama-200 ngosuku kwizibonelelo ezikhethekileyo.

Lithini ixabiso lokurisayikilishwa kwephaneli yelanga?

Iindleko zokurisayikilisha ziyahluka phakathi €I-10-30 ngephaneli nganye ngokuxhomekeke kwithekhnoloji kunye nomthamo owenziweyo. Eli xabiso ibandakanya ukuqokelelwa, ukuthuthwa, kunye nokulungiswa. EYurophu, i-eco-contribution idityanisiwe kwixabiso lokuthenga ihlawula ezi ntlawulo. Ngomthamo onyukayo, iindleko kufuneka zinciphise i-40-50% ngo-2030.

Ngaba iiphaneli zesola ezihlaziyiweyo zisebenza kakuhle njengezintsha?

Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, ngakumbi i-silicon ecocekileyo, inokufikelela kwi-98% yokusebenza kwe-silicon enyulu. Iiphaneli eyenziwe ngesilicon esetyenzisiweyo inika izivuno ezilinganayo kwiimodyuli zemveli. Ubomi buhleli bufana, Ubuncinci beminyaka engama-25-30 kunye neziqinisekiso eziqhelekileyo.

Ngaba kukho izibophelelo ezisemthethweni zokurisayikilishwa kwabantu ngabanye?

EYurophu, umyalelo we-WEEE ugunyazisa ukuqokelelwa kwasimahla kweepaneli ezisetyenzisiweyo. Abantu ngabanye kufuneka bafake iiphaneli ezindala iindawo zokuqokelela ezivunyiweyo okanye uzibuyisele kubasasazi ngexesha lokutshintshwa. Ukugcwaliswa komhlaba okanye ukulahlwa zi ithintelwe kwaye iphantsi kwesohlwayo.

Uchonga njani isitshixo esiqinisekisiweyo seepaneli zam zelanga?

Khangela i-ISO 14001 (ulawulo lokusingqongileyo) kunye ne-ISO 45001 (ukhuseleko lwezempilo) iziqinisekiso. EYurophu, qinisekisa i-PV Ubulungu bomjikelo okanye ukulingana kwesizwe. Cela iziqinisekiso zokulandeleka kwezinto kunye nezatifikethi zokutshabalalisa kumacandelo angafumanekiyo. Umfaki wakho unokukukhokelela kumaqabane aqinisekisiweyo.

Ingakanani i-CO2 eyongayo ukwenza ngokutsha ipaneli yelanga?

Ukurisayikilisha ipaneli ye-300W kuthintela malunga ne-200 kg ye-CO2 ephumayo elinganayo xa kuthelekiswa nokusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli enyulu. Olu gcino luvela ikakhulu kwi-aluminiyam yokurisayikilisha (165 kg CO2) kunye nesilicon (35 kg CO2). Ngaphakathi ngokupheleleyo isiseko esifakiweyo, oku kugcinwa kuya kumela i-50 yezigidi zeetoni ze-CO2 ethintelweyo ngo-2050.

Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga netekhnoloji yelanga kunye nezixhobo zovavanyo, hlola PVGIS iimpawu kunye neenzuzo okanye ukufikelela kwi ebanzi PVGIS blog ukugubungela yonke imiba yamandla elanga kunye ne-photovoltaics.