Amandla eSola eSpain: Isikhokelo soBuchule sabaFakeli kunye neeNkampani zeSola

Kutheni iSpain iyindlu yaMandla eSolar

Ubume bejografi kunye nemozulu yaseSpain yenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona ndawo zibalaseleyo zaseYurophu zokuvelisa amandla elanga. Ilizwe lifumana phakathi kwe-1,200 kunye ne-1,900 kWh/m² yemitha yelanga yonyaka, ngokuxhomekeke kummandla.

Lo mthombo ukhethekileyo welanga, udityaniswe nemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente exhasayo kunye nokuncipha kweendleko zokufakela, kudala imeko-bume ephumelelayo yeeprojekthi ze-photovoltaic.

Urhulumente waseSpain uzibophelele ekufezekiseni ukuveliswa kombane ohlaziyiweyo we-74% ngo-2030, kunye namandla elanga adlala indima ephambili kule nguqu. Kubafakeli belanga kunye neenkampani, oku kubonisa ithuba elibalulekileyo lemarike elithatha indawo yokuhlala, yorhwebo, kunye neeprojekthi eziluncedo.

Ukuqonda iiyantlukwano zengingqi kumandla elanga kubalulekile kwizindululo zeprojekthi ezichanekileyo kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo.

Amandla eSolar yeNgingqi kulo lonke elaseSpain

Amandla elanga eSpain anokuhluka kakhulu kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, ephenjelelwa siside, ukuphakama, kunye neepatheni zemozulu yendawo. Abafakeli abaziingcali kufuneka baphendule lo mahluko wengingqi xa kuyilwa iinkqubo zelanga kunye nokulungiselela uqikelelo lwemali kubathengi.

Emazantsi eSpain: Ubuninzi boMbane weSolar

Imimandla esemazantsi eSpain, ngakumbi iAndalusia, ifumana awona manqanaba aphezulu okukhanya kwelanga kweli lizwe. Izixeko ezifana neSeville, iMalaga, kunye neGranada zifumana amanqanaba onyaka okukhanya kwemitha angaphezulu kwe-1,800 kWh/m², nto leyo eyenza le ndawo ilunge kuzo zombini iifama ezinkulu zelanga kunye nofakelo lweendawo zokuhlala.

Ukukhanya kwelanga okungaguqukiyo kunye nokugquma kwamafu okuncinci unyaka wonke kubangela imveliso yamandla eqikelelweyo, exabiseke kakhulu xa ubonisa izibalo ze-ROI kubathengi.

Uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwamathuba elanga kulo mmandla, jonga isikhokelo sethu esibanzi amandla elanga e Andalusia, equka idata yemitha yedolophu ethile kunye neengqwalasela zofakelo.

ISpain esembindini: iMadrid kunye nemimandla ejikelezileyo

Ummandla osembindini, oxhaswe yiMadrid, unika amandla abalaseleyo elanga kunye nemitha yonyaka ephakathi kwe-1,600-1,700 kWh/m². Imozulu yelizwekazi izisa ihlobo elishushu kunye nobusika obubandayo, obufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokucophelela kwee-coefficients zokushisa xa ukhetha iimodyuli ze-photovoltaic.

Isikhundla seMadrid njengekomkhulu laseSpain kunye neyona ndawo inkulu yemetropolitan idala imfuno enkulu yorhwebo kunye nofakelo lwelanga lwendawo yokuhlala.

Abafakeli abaziingcali abasebenza kule marike kufuneka bajonge isikhokelo sethu esineenkcukacha ukufakwa kwepaneli yelanga eMadrid kwidatha yokusebenza engqamene nommandla kunye nengqwalasela yobugcisa.

Unxweme lweMeditera: iBarcelona kunye neValencia

Unxweme lwaseSpain lweMeditera, kubandakanya izixeko ezikhulu njengeBarcelona kunye neValencia, ludibanisa iimeko ezivumayo zelanga kunye nokuxinana kwabantu kunye nomsebenzi owomeleleyo wezorhwebo. Ukukhanya kwemitha ngonyaka ukusuka kwi-1,500 ukuya kwi-1,700 kWh/m², kunye nenzuzo eyongeziweyo yobushushu obuphakathi obunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-photovoltaic xa kuthelekiswa nemimandla eshushu engaphakathi elizweni.

Ummandla waseCatalonia uye wasebenza ngokukodwa ekukhuthazeni amandla avuselelekayo, ukudala inkuthazo eyongezelelweyo yofakelo lwelanga. Isikhokelo sethu kwi amandla elanga e Barcelona ibonelela ngedatha ebanzi yabafakeli abasebenza kumntla-mpuma weSpain.

Ngokufanayo, ummandla waseValencia unika amathuba amahle kakhulu kunxweme lweMeditera. Funda ngakumbi malunga neengqwalasela ezithile kwinqaku lethu Isikhokelo sofakelo lwelanga saseValencia.

Emantla eSpain: Ilizwe laseBasque kunye noNxweme lweAtlantiki

Ngelixa umntla weSpain ufumana iradiation esezantsi yonyaka xa kuthelekiswa nemimandla esemazantsi (malunga ne-1,200-1,400 kWh/m²), isabonelela ngamathuba asebenzayo elanga. Imozulu ye-Atlantiki izisa ukhuseleko lwamafu ngakumbi, kodwa iinkqubo zale mihla ze-photovoltaic zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo naphantsi kweemeko zokukhanya.

Amaqondo obushushu apholileyo kulo mmandla anokuba luncedo kwiphaneli yelanga kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni.

Abafaki abasebenza kumantla eSpain kufuneka bajonge isikhokelo sethu esikhethekileyo kumandla elanga kwiLizwe laseBasque ukuqonda iimpawu ezizodwa zale marike.

Imimandla yeSiqithi: Iziqithi zaseCanary

Iziqithi zaseCanary zibonelela ngamathuba awodwa ombane welanga ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga unyaka wonke kunye neegridi zombane ezizimeleyo. Ngokukhanya kwemitha ngonyaka okungaphezulu kwe-1,800 kWh/m² kwiindawo ezininzi kunye neendleko eziphezulu zombane, ufakelo lwelanga luhlala lubonisa imbuyekezo ekhethekileyo kutyalo-mali. Nangona kunjalo, iiprojekthi zesiqithi zifuna uqwalaselo olukhethekileyo kulungiselelo, ukubola komoya wetyuwa, kunye nokuthintelwa konxibelelwano lwegridi.

Kubafaki abanomdla kwiiprojekthi zelanga zesiqithi, isikhokelo sethu esibanzi iiphaneli zelanga kwiCanary Islands ibandakanya zonke iingqalelo ezibalulekileyo zobugcisa nezokusebenza.

Ungazifaka njani ngempumelelo iiNkqubo zaMandla eSolar eSpain

Inyathelo loku-1: Qonda amandla eSolar yeNgingqi

Hlalutya iiyantlukwano zengingqi yaseSpain kwimitha yelanga. Imimandla yaseMazantsi efana ne-Andalusia ifumana i-1,800+ kWh/m² ngonyaka, imimandla esembindini efana ne-Madrid ephakathi kwe-1,600-1,700 kWh/m², unxweme lweMeditera lusukela kwi-1,500-1,700 kWh/m², kwaye imimandla esemantla ifumana i-1,200-h/1,400 kWh/m². Iakhawunti yale mahluko xa uyila iinkqubo kunye nokulungiselela izindululo.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Fumana iData yeNdawo eChanekileyo yeNdawo yoMbane

Sebenzisa izixhobo zokubala zelanga ezinobuchwephesha ezinogcino-lwazi olugcweleyo olugubungela yonke imimandla yaseSpain. Fikelela kwidatha ethe ngqo kwi-GPS ukuqinisekisa ukuba izindululo zibonisa iimeko zesayithi zokwenyani kuneavareji yengingqi. Yenza ukulinganisa okungenamkhawulo ukwenza iprojekthi nganye.

Inyathelo lesi-3: Lungiselela iNkqubo yokuJongwa kunye neTilt

Misela ezona engile zokuthambeka phakathi kwe-30° kunye ne-38° ngokusekwe kwisibanzi (36°N ukuya kuma-43°N). Qwalasela iipatheni zokusetyenziswa kwabathengi: ii-angles ezisezantsi zokuthambeka kwemithwalo enzima ehlotyeni, ukuthambeka okuthe kratya kwimveliso yasebusika. Sebenzisa imodeli yobuchwephesha ukulinganisa urhwebo kunye nokuxhasa ukwenziwa kwezigqibo eziqhutywa yidatha.

Inyathelo lesi-4: Iakhawunti yoBubushushu kunye neMpembelelo yeMozulu

I-Factor kwi-Hot ehlobo yaseSpain apho amaqondo okushisa ephahla angadlula i-60 ° C, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle nge-10-15%. Khetha iimodyuli ezine-coefficients ezisezantsi zeqondo lokushisa (ngaphantsi kwe-0.40% / ° C) kwaye uqinisekise ukungena komoya okwaneleyo. Iakhawunti yobushushu bokusebenza kwimodeli yokusebenza.

Inyathelo lesi-5: Yenza uVavanyo lweSiza oluBanzi

Vavanya imeko yophahla kunye nomthamo wesakhiwo, uhlalutye iipateni zokuthungatha unyaka wonke, uvavanye umthamo wenkonzo yombane, umisele ukubekwa kwenkqubo efanelekileyo, kunye noxwebhu oluneefoto eziphawulwe nge-GPS. Uvavanyo olucokisekileyo luthintela iingxaki zofakelo kwaye luqinisekise ukusebenza kwenkqubo.

Izinto eziphambili zoFakelo lweSolar yobuNgcali eSpain

Iiprojekthi eziyimpumelelo zamandla elanga eSpain zifuna ingqalelo kwizinto ezininzi zobugcisa kunye nolawulo. Abafakeli abaziingcali kufuneka bajonge ezi ngqwalasela ngelixa behambisa izindululo ezichanekileyo kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo ethembekileyo.

Idatha ye-Irradiation echanekileyo kunye neModeli yokuSebenza

Isiseko saso nasiphi na isindululo sobuchwephesha belanga yidatha echanekileyo ye-irradiation kunye nemodeli yokusebenza. Ukusebenzisa idatha echanekileyo yendawo ethile kuvumela abafakeli ukuba banike uqikelelo lwemveliso oluyinyani, banqande ukuthembisa ngokugqithisileyo kubathengi, kwaye bandise uyilo lwenkqubo ukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo.

Ukwahluka okuncinci kwi-angle yokuthambeka, ukuqhelaniswa, okanye ukuthungatha umbala kunokuchaphazela kakhulu imveliso yonyaka, ukwenza uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lube luyimfuneko.

Izixhobo zokubala zelanga zobuchwephesha zenza ukuba abafakeli balinganise ulungelelwaniso lwenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ngokukhawuleza, thelekisa iinketho, kwaye bavelise iingxelo zobuchwephesha ezakha ukuzithemba kwabathengi. Ukufikelela kukulinganisa okungenamkhawulo kwindawo nganye ye-GPS kuvumela ukwenziwa ngokucokisekileyo kweprojekthi nganye ngaphandle kwemiqobo yexesha.

Ukuqhelaniswa neNkqubo eLungileyo kunye neTilt

Ngelixa ufakelo olujonge emazantsi oluneengile ezithambekileyo ezihambelana nobubanzi busenza sikhulu imveliso yonyaka, iiprojekthi zehlabathi lokwenyani zihlala zifuna ukuthotyelwa. Izithintelo zophahla, iipatheni zomthunzi, kunye neeprofayili zokusetyenziswa zinokuthanda ezinye iindlela zokuziqhelanisa.

Kuluhlu lwesibanzi sase-Spain (malunga ne-36°N ukuya kuma-43°N), elona qondo lifanelekileyo lokuthambeka liba phakathi kwe-30° kunye ne-38° kwimveliso yonyaka wonke.

Kubathengi abasebenzisa kakhulu ngexesha leenyanga zasehlotyeni, njengamashishini anemithwalo yokupholisa umoya, ii-engile ezisezantsi kancinci zinokuthi zihambelane ngcono nemveliso kunye nemfuno. Ngokuchaseneyo, abathengi beendawo zokuhlala abafuna ukwandisa imveliso yasebusika banokuzuza kwii-tilts eziphakamileyo. Izixhobo zobuchwephesha bemodeli zinceda ukulinganisa oku kurhweba kunye nenkxaso yokwenza izigqibo eziqhutywa yidatha.

Iiyantlukwano zeMveliso zeNyanga kunye neZonyaka

Ukuqonda ukwahluka kwemveliso yenyanga kubalulekile ekusekweni okuchanekileyo okulindelwe ngabathengi kunye neenkqubo zokulinganisa ngokufanelekileyo. E-Spain, imveliso yelanga ifikelela incopho ngoJuni nangoJulayi, ngoDisemba noJanuwari ibonisa eyona mveliso iphantsi.

Umyinge phakathi kwemveliso yasehlotyeni nasebusika uyohluka ngokwemimandla, nemimandla esemantla ifumana ukwahluka kwamaxesha onyaka okucacileyo kuneendawo ezisemazantsi.

Ukubonelela abathengi ngoqikelelo oluneenkcukacha lwenyanga lwemveliso lubanceda baqonde amazinga alindelekileyo okuzithengela, umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle kwegridi, kunye namaxesha okuhlawula. Eli nqanaba leenkcukacha liyahlula abafaki beengcali kwiinkampani ezikhuphisanayo ezincinci kunye nokunciphisa iingxabano zasemva kofakelo.

Uhlalutyo lwemali kunye nokubalwa kwe-ROI

Uhlalutyo olubanzi lwezemali lwahlula iinkampani eziyimpumelelo zelanga kwezo zitsala nzima ukuvala amaxabiso. Izindululo zobungcali kufuneka zibandakanye iimeko zemali ezininzi: ukuthengwa kwemali, ukhetho lwenkxaso-mali, amalungiselelo okuqeshisa, kunye neereyithi ezahlukeneyo zokuzisebenzisa.

Abathengi baseSpain baya beqonda ngakumbi uqoqosho lwelanga kwaye balindele uqikelelo lwezemali oluneenkcukacha ezibonisa amaxesha okubuyisela, izinga lembuyekezo yangaphakathi, kunye nexabiso langoku.

Izixhobo zemodeli yezemali eziphezulu zivumela abafakeli ukuba bavelise ngokukhawuleza iimeko ezininzi, ezibandakanya iirhafu zombane zengingqi, iipesenti zokuzisebenzisa, kunye nenkuthazo ekhoyo. Ukukwazi ukuthelekisa iinketho zemali ecaleni-ngecala kunceda abathengi benze izigqibo ezinolwazi kwaye bakhawulezise inkqubo yokuthengisa.

Isakhelo soLawulo kunye neNkuthazo

Indawo elawulayo yaseSpain yamandla elanga iye yavela kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, idala indawo efanelekileyo yokufakelwa kwe-photovoltaic. Ukuqonda imimiselo yangoku kunye nenkuthazo ekhoyo kubalulekile kubafakeli abaziingcali.

IMithetho yoMbane kunye neMimiselo yokuSelf-Self

Imithetho yaseSpain yokuzithengisa ivumela abathengi abahlala kunye nezorhwebo ukuba banciphise ukusetyenziswa kombane kunye nemveliso yelanga, kunye nembuyekezo ye-surplus energy ebuyiselwa kwigridi.

Isakhelo solawulo sahlula phakathi kokuzityela komntu kunye nokuzisebenzisa ngokudibeneyo, oku kuvumela abathengi abaninzi ukuba babelane ngemveliso ukusuka kufakelo olulodwa.

Iinkqubo zolawulo zokudibanisa iinkqubo zelanga zenziwe lula, zinciphisa imiqobo ye-bureaucratic kubafaki kunye nabaxhasi. Nangona kunjalo, iinguqu zengingqi zikhona ekuphunyezweni, okwenza ukuba kubalulekile ukuqonda iimfuno zendawo kwindawo yakho yokusebenza.

Iinkxaso-mali ezifumanekayo kunye nokuNzuzwa kweRhafu

Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe nezengingqi zibonelela ngenkxaso yemali yofakelo lwelanga eSpain. Oku kubandakanya iinkxaso-mali ezithe ngqo, ukutsalwa kwerhafu, kunye neendlela zokufumana imali ekhethwayo. Inkuthazo ethile ekhoyo iyahluka ngokommandla, ubungakanani beprojekthi, kunye nohlobo lofakelo.

Abafakeli abaziingcali kufuneka bagcine ulwazi lwangoku lweenkqubo ezikhoyo zokwandisa ixabiso kubathengi.

Iimali zesiZukulwana Esilandelayo ze-EU zabele izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo kwiiprojekthi zamandla ahlaziyekayo eSpain, zidala amathuba ongezelelweyo kufakelo lweendawo zokuhlala nezorhwebo. Ukubandakanya inkuthazo ekhoyo kwizindululo zemali kunokuphucula kakhulu uqoqosho lweprojekthi kunye nokunyusa izinga lokuguqulwa.

Iingqwalasela zobuGcisa kuFakelo lweSolar yaseSpain

Imozulu yaseSpain kunye nemeko yolawulo yenza imiba ethile yobugcisa ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ngabafaki bobuchwephesha.

Iimpembelelo zobushushu kwiNtsebenzo

Ihlobo laseSpain elishushu linokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-photovoltaic, njengoko iipaneli zelanga zilahlekelwa ukusebenza kakuhle kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu. Iimodyuli zanamhlanje ngokuqhelekileyo zibonisa umlinganiso wobushushu we--0.35% ukuya ku-0.45% kwisidanga seCelsius ngaphezu kwe-25°C.

Emazantsi eSpeyin, apho amaqondo okushisa ephahla angadlula i-60 ° C ngexesha lasehlotyeni, oku kunokunciphisa amandla ombane aphezulu nge-10-15% xa kuthelekiswa neemeko zovavanyo oluqhelekileyo.

Ukukhetha iimodyuli ezine-coefficients ezisezantsi zokushisa kunye nokuqinisekisa ukungena komoya okwaneleyo phantsi kophahla olufakwe kwi-arrays kunceda ukunciphisa le mpembelelo. Imodeli yokusebenza kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo amaqondo obushushu okusebenza endaweni yokuthatha iimeko zovavanyo ezisemgangathweni ukunika uqikelelo lwemveliso oluyinyani.

Uthuli kunye neziphumo zokungcola

Imimandla emininzi yaseSpain iba namaxesha omileyo kunye nemvula encinci, ekhokelela ekuqokeleleni kothuli kwiipaneli zelanga. Ukugquma komhlaba kunokunciphisa imveliso nge-3-7% kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, kunye nelahleko ephezulu kwiindawo ezinothuli okanye ngexesha elomileyo. Ezinye iindawo ezikufutshane neendawo zezolimo okanye iindawo zokwakha zinokuba nongcoliso oluqatha.

Uyilo lwenkqubo yobuchwephesha kufuneka lunike ingxelo ngelahleko yokungcolisa elindelekileyo kwaye lubandakanye amalungiselelo okucoca ngamaxesha athile kwizivumelwano zogcino. Ukufundisa abathengi malunga neemfuno zokucoca kunceda ukugcina ukusebenza kwenkqubo kwaye kuthintele ukudana xa imveliso iwela ngaphantsi kweengqikelelo ezinethemba.

Iimfuno zoQhagamshelwano lweGridi

Imimiselo yoxhumo lwegridi yaseSpain ifuna iimpawu ezithile zobugcisa kwii-inverters zelanga, kubandakanywa ukukhuselwa kwe-anti-islanding, imigangatho yomgangatho wamandla, kunye nokukwazi ukubeka iliso kude. Ukukhethwa kwe-inverter kufuneka kuhambelane neekhowudi zegridi zaseSpain kunye naziphi na iimfuno ezongezelelweyo ezibekwe yinkonzo yasekhaya.

Iiprojekthi ezinkulu zorhwebo kunye nezinga lomsebenzi zijongene neemfuno ezongezelelweyo zoqhagamshelo lwegridi, kubandakanywa ulawulo lwamandla asebenzayo kunye nenkxaso yombane. Ukuqonda ezi mfuno ngexesha lesigaba soyilo kuthintela ukuguqulwa kweendleko ngexesha lokugunyaziswa.

Izixhobo zobuNgcali zokuFakela iSolar

Ukuntsonkotha kweeprojekthi zangoku zelanga kufuna ukubala okuphucukileyo kunye nezixhobo zokubonisa. Abafakeli abaziingcali badinga ubunakho obungaphaya kwezibali zokubala ezisisiseko ukuhambisa izindululo ezikhuphisanayo kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo ethembekileyo.

Iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zeSoftware yeSolar yobuNgcali

Isoftware yelanga yobuchwephesha kufuneka ibonelele ngogcino-lwazi oluchanekileyo lokukhanya okugubungela yonke imimandla yaseSpain, ingxelo eneenkcukacha yokwenziwa kwemodeli yeziphumo zobushushu kunye nelahleko, amandla okuhlalutya imali aneemeko ezininzi, kunye nokuveliswa kweengxelo zobuchwephesha ezifanelekileyo kunikezelo lwabathengi.

Ukukwazi ukwenza ukulinganisa okungenamkhawulo kwenza ukuba iprojekthi iqhube kakuhle ngaphandle kwemiqobo yokuhamba komsebenzi.

Iimpawu eziphambili ezixabisekileyo zokusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha zibandakanya iiprofayili zenyanga kunye nemihla ngemihla yemveliso, amandla okuhlalutya kwe-shading, uthelekiso lweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyusela, kunye nemodeli yezemali eneenkcukacha ezibandakanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlawula. Ukufikelela kwezi zakhono kulungelelanisa inkqubo yesindululo kunye nokuxhasa ukwenziwa kwezigqibo okuqhutywa yidatha.

UkuPhucula iProjekthi yokuSebenza

Ukuhamba komsebenzi okusebenzayo kubalulekile ekugcineni inzuzo kwiimarike ezikhuphisanayo. Izixhobo zobuchwephesha kufuneka zidibanise ngokungenamthungo kwiinkqubo esele zikhona, ukusuka kuvavanyo lokuqala lwendawo ukuya kunikezelo lokugqibela lwabaxhasi.

Ukukwazi ukuvelisa ngokukhawuleza iindlela zoyilo ezininzi kunye neemeko zemali kunciphisa ixesha lokulungiselela isiphakamiso ngelixa uphucula umgangatho.

Kwiinkampani zelanga ezilawula abafakeli abaninzi kunye neeprojekthi ezininzi ngaxeshanye, iimpawu ezinjengolawulo lwefayile yeprojekthi, ukulandelela imbali yokulinganisa, kunye neetemplates zengxelo ezisemgangathweni ziqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nokuququzelela ukwabelana ngolwazi kwiqela lonke. Izixhobo zobuchwephesha kufuneka zixhase kunokuba nzima ukuqhutywa komsebenzi okhoyo.

Unikezelo lwabathengi kunye nenkxaso yokuthengisa

Ukuguqula ukukhokelela kwiikhontrakthi ezisayiniweyo kufuna imathiriyeli yenkcazo yobungcali eyakha ukuzithemba kwabathengi. Iingxelo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nokubonwa okucacileyo kwedatha yemveliso, uqikelelo lwezemali, kunye neenkcukacha zenkqubo zinceda abathengi baqonde isiphakamiso sexabiso kwaye benze izigqibo ezinolwazi.

Ikhono lokuvelisa ngokukhawuleza iziphakamiso ezihlaziyiweyo ngexesha leentlanganiso zabaxhasi, ukulungelelanisa ubungakanani benkqubo okanye ukucinga ngemali ekuphenduleni impendulo yomxhasi, kunokwahlukana phakathi kokuvala isivumelwano kunye nokulahlekelwa ngabakhuphisana nabo. Izixhobo zobuchwephesha ezenza oku kuguquguquka zibonelela ngokhuphiswano olubalulekileyo.

Iindlela zeMarike kunye namaThuba

Imakethi yelanga yaseSpain iyaqhubeka nokuvela, idala amathuba amatsha kubafaki abahlala phambi kweendlela.

Ukukhula kokuZityela kwindawo yokuhlala

Ufakelo lokuzithengela indawo yokuhlala lumela elona candelo likhula ngokukhawuleza kwintengiso yelanga yaseSpain. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ombane kudityaniswe nokuncipha kweendleko zokufakela kudale uqoqosho olunyanzelisayo kubanini-zindlu.

Eli candelo libandakanya iiprojekthi ezincinci (3-10 kW) kodwa linikezela ngevolumu ephezulu kunye nokuhamba kwemali okuzinzileyo kubafaki.

Abafakeli beendawo zokuhlala abaphumeleleyo bajolise kwiinkqubo ezilungelelanisiweyo, iintetho zobungcali, kunye nenkonzo ebalaseleyo yabathengi ukuvelisa ukuthunyelwa kunye nokugcina amazinga aphezulu okuguqulwa. Ukukwazi ukulungiselela ngokukhawuleza izindululo ezichanekileyo kunye nohlalutyo lwemali yobuchwephesha kubalulekile kweli candelo lokhuphiswano.

IiProjekthi zoRhwebo kunye nezoShishino

Ufakelo lwezorhwebo nolwemizi-mveliso lubonelela ngobungakanani beeprojekthi ezinkulu kunye nemida enokuba ephezulu. Aba bathengi badla ngokufuna uhlalutyo oluntsonkothileyo, kubandakanywa uthelekiso losetyenziso oluneenkcukacha, iinketho ezininzi zenkxaso-mali, kunye nokudityaniswa neenkqubo zolawulo lwamandla ezikhoyo.

Abafakeli abaziingcali abanobuchule obuqinileyo kunye nezakhono zokuhlalutya imali babekwe kakuhle ukubamba le marike.

Intsingiselo ebhekiselele kwizivumelwano zokuthenga amandla (iiPPAs) kwicandelo lezorhwebo idala amathuba okuba abafakeli baphuhlise imithombo yengeniso eqhubekayo kunemirhumo yofakelo lwexesha elinye. Impumelelo kule modeli ifuna uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lwexesha elide kunye nemodeli yezemali eyomeleleyo.

Uluntu lweSolar kunye ne-Collective Self-Consumption

Imithetho yaseSpain evumela ukuba abantu bazithengele ngokuhlangeneyo ivule amathuba amatsha emarike, ngakumbi kwiindawo zasezidolophini ezinezakhiwo zokuhlala. Ezi projekthi zivumela abathengi abaninzi ukuba babelane ngemveliso ukusuka kufakelo olulodwa, ukoyisa imiqobo kubahlali ngaphandle kophahla olufanelekileyo lweenkqubo zomntu ngamnye.

Iiprojekthi ezihlangeneyo zokuzityela zifuna uhlalutyo olucokisekileyo lweepateni zokusetyenziswa, amalungiselelo okwabelana ngemveliso, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwemali phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba. Izixhobo zobuchwephesha ezinokubonisa ezi meko zinzima zibonelela ngenzuzo enkulu kweli candelo lemarike esakhulayo.

IiNgcebiso eziGqwesileyo zokuFakela iSolar yaseSpain

Impumelelo kwimarike yelanga ekhuphisanayo yaseSpain ifuna ingqalelo ekugqweseni kobugcisa, inkonzo yabathengi, kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

Ubungakanani beSistim echanekileyo kunye nolindelo oluyinyani

Imveliso ethembisayo kakhulu okanye i-ROI idala abathengi abangonelisekanga kwaye yonakalise isidima. Abafakeli abaziingcali babeka phambili umfuziselo ochanekileyo, uqikelelo lwelahleko olulondolozayo, kunye nonxibelelwano olucacileyo malunga nokwahluka kokusebenza okulindelekileyo. Ukusebenzisa idatha yombane eqinisekisiweyo kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa ezibanzi kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo ezifakelweyo ziyahlangabezana okanye zigqithise uqikelelo.

Ukubonelela abathengi ngeziqinisekiso zemveliso ezisekelwe kwimodeli eyinyani, kunokuba uqikelelo oluthembayo, kwakha ukuthembana kunye nokunciphisa imiba yasemva kofakelo. I-inshurensi yoxanduva lobuchwephesha kunye neziqinisekiso zemveliso zibonisa ukuzinikela kumgangatho kunye nokwaneliseka kwabathengi.

UVavanyo lweSiza oluBanzi

Ukuhlolwa kwesiza ngokucokisekileyo kuthintela iingxaki ngexesha lofakelo kunye nokusebenza. Abafakeli abachwephesha bavavanya imeko yophahla, umthamo wesakhiwo, iipateni zokuthungatha unyaka wonke, umthamo wenkonzo yombane, kunye nokubekwa kwenkqubo egqwesileyo phambi kokulungiselela izindululo zokugqibela. Oku kukhuthala kuthintela ii-odolo zotshintsho, ukugqithiswa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo.

Izixhobo zedijithali ezenza amaxwebhu esayithi akhawulezayo, kubandakanywa neefoto ezinolungelelwaniso lwe-GPS, zilungelelanisa inkqubo yovavanyo ngelixa ziqinisekisa ulwazi olupheleleyo loyilo lwenkqubo kunye nemvume.

Amaxwebhu oBuchule kunye neNgxelo

Amaxwebhu akumgangatho ophezulu ahlula abafakeli abaziingcali kubakhuphisana abangaphucukanga. Izindululo ezibanzi kufuneka zibandakanye idatha yerediyo ethe ngqo kwindawo ethile, iinkcukacha zenkqubo ecacileyo, uqikelelo olucacileyo lwemveliso kunye nokuqhekeka kwenyanga, uhlalutyo lwemali oluselubala oluneemeko ezininzi, kunye nemizobo yenkqubo yobungcali kunye noyilo.

Utyalo-mali kwizixhobo zobuchwephesha bamaxwebhu kuhlawula izabelo ngamazinga aphezulu oguqulo, iingxabano ezimbalwa zasemva kwentengiso, kunye nokwandiswa kwesidima senkampani. Abathengi balindele ngakumbi eli nqanaba lobuchwephesha kwaye banokubuza abafakeli abangenako ukuyibonelela.

Isiphelo: Ukubekwa kwiMpumelelo kwiMarike yeSolar yaseSpain

Imakethi yaseSpain yamandla elanga ibonelela ngamathuba amakhulu kubafaki beengcali kunye neenkampani zesola ezixhotyiswe ngolwazi oluchanekileyo, izixhobo kunye neenkqubo. Ukuqonda iinguqu zengingqi kwikhono lelanga, ukuhamba kwindawo yokulawula, kunye nokubonelela ngohlalutyo oluchanekileyo lobugcisa kunye nemali kubalulekile kwimpumelelo.

Umahluko ophambili kwiimarike ezikhuphisanayo kukukwazi ukuhambisa iziphakamiso ezisemgangathweni ngokukhawuleza, zixhaswa yidatha echanekileyo kunye nohlalutyo oluyinkimbinkimbi. Abafaki abatyala imali kwizixhobo zobuchwephesha kunye neenkqubo bazibeka kwindawo yokubamba isabelo semarike, bagcine imida esempilweni, kwaye bakhe amashishini azinzileyo njengoko iSpain iqhubeka notshintsho lwamandla avuselelekayo.

Nokuba ufaka iipaneli zelanga eMadrid, uphuhlisa iiprojekthi ngaphakathi Imekobume yelanga etyebileyo yaseAndalusia, ukusebenza kunye Unxweme lwaseCatalonia, ukukhonza i Ingingqi yaseValencia, isebenza kwi kumantla eSpeyin, okanye ukujongana neeprojekthi ezikhethekileyo zesiqithi kwi Iziqithi zaseCanary, ukufikelela kwidatha echanekileyo yengingqi kunye nezixhobo zokubala zobuchwephesha zilungelelanisa ukuhamba kwakho kwaye kuphuculwe indawo yakho yokukhuphisana.

Imarike yelanga yaseSpain iya kuqhubeka ikhula iminyaka ezayo. Abafakeli abaziingcali abadibanisa ubuchwephesha bobugcisa, ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nezixhobo zokuhlalutya eziphucukileyo babekwe kakuhle ukuze baphumelele kolu shishino luguqukayo nolunomvuzo.